7784-45-4

Basic information

• Product Name: ARSENIC(III) IODIDE
• Synonyms: arseniciodide(asi3);Arsenous iodide;Arsenousiodide;Arsenoustriiodide;Arsenous-triiodide-;NA 1557;Triiodoarsine;ARSENIC (OUS) IODIDE
• CAS NO: 7784-45-4
• Molecular Formula: AsI₃
• Molecular Weight: 455.64
• EINECS: 232-068-4
• Product Categories: Arsenic Salts;ArsenicMetal and Ceramic Science;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Salts;metal halide;Arsenic Salts;Arsenic;Catalysis and Inorganic Chemistry;Chemical Synthesis;Crystal Grade Inorganics;Materials Science;Metal and Ceramic Science
• Mol File: 7784-45-4.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 146 °C
• Boiling Point: 403 °C
• Flash Point: 424°C
• Appearance: red/Powder
• Density: 4.69 g/mL at 25 °C(lit.)
• Water Solubility: Soluble in alcohol, ether, Carbon disulfide, water(6 g/100 m).
• Sensitive: Moisture Sensitive
• Merck: 14,803
• CAS DataBase Reference: ARSENIC(III) IODIDE(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: ARSENIC(III) IODIDE(7784-45-4)
• EPA Substance Registry System: ARSENIC(III) IODIDE(7784-45-4)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: T,N
• Statements: 23/25-50/53
• Safety Statements: 20/21-28-45-60-61
• RIDADR: UN 1557 6.1/PG 1
• WGK Germany: 3
• RTECS: CG1950000
• TSCA: Yes
• HazardClass: 6.1
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 7784-45-4(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

1. Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
Arsenic(III) Iodide is used as a compound for preparing organoarsenic compounds, which have potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry. These organoarsenic compounds can be utilized in the development of new drugs and therapeutic agents.
2. Used in Dermatology:
Historically, Arsenic(III) Iodide was employed in the treatment of dermatitides, a group of skin conditions characterized by inflammation and itching. Although its use in this context has diminished, it highlights the compound's potential for medical applications.
3. Used in Chemical Synthesis:
Arsenic(III) Iodide is used as a reagent in various chemical synthesis processes, particularly for the preparation of organoarsenic compounds. These compounds can be further utilized in different industries, such as electronics and materials science, for their unique properties and applications.

Preparation

Arsenic triiodide is prepared by treating elemental arsenic with a solution of iodine in carbon disulfide. Alternatively, it can be precipitated out from a hot solution of arsenic trioxide or arsenic trisulfide in hydrochloric acid on treatment with potassium or sodium iodide. Also, it is made by the reaction of arsenic trichloride with potassium iodide.

Air & Water Reactions

Reacts slowly with oxygen from the air, liberating iodine [Merck]. Water soluble. Aqueous solutions are strongly acidic (pH of 0.1N solution about 1.1) and ultimately form HI and As2O3, although an equilibrium AsI3 + 3H2O = H3AsO3 + 3HI has been observed [Merck 1989].

Reactivity Profile

ARSENIC IODIDE gives acidic solutions in water. These solutions neutralize bases exothermically. Can react as either an oxidizing agent or reducing agent.

Hazard

Toxic and carcinogen.

Fire Hazard

Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Safety Profile

Inorganic compounds are confirmed human carcinogens producing tumors of the mouth, esophagus, larynx, bladder, and paranasal sinus. Recognized carcinogens of the skin, lungs, and liver. Used as insecticides, herbicides, silvicides, defoliants, desiccants, and rodenticides. Poisoning from arsenic compounds may be acute or chronic. Acute poisoning usually results from swallowing arsenic compounds; chronic poisoning from either swallowing or inhaling. Acute allergic reactions to arsenic compounds used in medical therapy have been fairly common, the type and severity of reaction depending upon the compound. Inorganic arsenicals are more toxic than organics. Trivalent is more toxic than pentavalent. Acute arsenic poisoning (from ingestion) results in marked irritation of the stomach and intestines with nausea, vomiting, and darrhea. In severe cases, the vomitus and stools are bloody and the patient goes into collapse and shock with weak, rapid pulse, cold sweats, coma, and death. Chronic arsenic poisoning, whether through ingestion or inhalation, may manifest itself in many different ways. There may be disturbances of the digestive system such as loss of appetite, cramps, nausea, constipation, or diarrhea. Liver damage may occur, resulting in jaundice. Disturbances of the blood, kidneys, and nervous system are not infrequent. Arsenic can cause a variety of skin abnormalities including itching, pigmentation, and even cancerous changes. A characteristic of arsenic poisoning is the great variety of sympt-oms that can be produced. Dangerous; when heated to decomposition, or when metallic arsenic contacts acids or acid fumes, or when water solutions of arsenicals are in contact with active metals such as Fe, Al, or Zn, highly toxic fumes of arsenic are emitted.

Purification Methods

It crystallises from acetone and sublimes below 100o. It is very slowly hydrolysed by H2O (much more slowly than the chloride). POISONOUS. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 597-598 1963.]

InChI:InChI=1/AsH3.3HI/h1H3;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3

Upstream product

• 7790-99-0 Iodine monochloride 
• 75-03-6 ethyl iodide 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 
• 7440-38-2 arsenic 
• 7784-34-1 arsenic trichloride 
• 13455-01-1 phosphorous triiodide 
• 41916-75-0 diarsene 
• 13453-17-3 AsI₂ 
• 1115-98-6 arsenic(III) cyanide 
• 7790-48-9 tellurium(IV) iodide 
• 124687-11-2 AsI₄⁽¹⁺⁾*AlCl₄^(1-) = (AsI₄)(AlCl₄) 
• 10034-85-2 hydrogen iodide 

Downstream Products

• 2314-97-8 iodotrifluoromethane 
• 353-91-3 trifluoromethyl-arsonous acid diiodide 
• 359-55-7 iodo-bis-trifluoromethyl-arsine 
• 113748-70-2 (arsenic triiodide)(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidino)borane 
• 7681-65-4 copper(l) iodide 
• 6424-02-8 aniline; compound with arsenic (III)-iodide 
• 13464-58-9 arsenous acid 
• 7553-56-2 iodine 

Relevant articles and documents

Phase diagram and thermodynamic properties of the system As-Te-I

The As-Te-I system has been investigated primarily by means of DTA, XRD analyses and EMF measurements with an arsenic electrode. The T-x diagram of the binary As-I system was accurately redefined and its phase diagram was constructed. A projection of the liquidus surface, an isothermal section at 300 K, and a series of polythermal sections of the phase diagram were constructed. The previously reported ternary compounds As5Te7I, As 4Te5I2 and As8Te7I 5 were confirmed to be equilibrium phases; the positions of phase areas with their participation were established. Areas of primary crystallization of phases, types and coordinates of the invariant equilibria on the T-x-y diagram were determined. From the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, the crystallographic parameters of As4Te5I 2 and As8Te7I5 were determined. From the EMF measurements, the partial molar functions of arsenic (ΔG?,ΔH?,ΔS?) as well as standard integral thermodynamic functions of ternary compounds were calculated.

Synthesis of a Homologous Series of Trialkyl Arsines (C3-C12) and Applications of Arsenic Triiodide as a Synthetic Precursor

This work presents some modifications in the post-synthetic processing for a classical arsenic reagent: AsI3. In comparison with the widely used analog, the trichloride, arsenic triiodide presents several advantages such as low toxicity, air stability, and low volatility. It was used as a synthetic precursor in the preparation of a variety of arsenic(III) derivatives like arsines, arsenites, and thioarsenites. Besides that, AsI3 was submitted to a diversity-oriented Grignard reaction in the preparation of a homologous series of trialkyl arsines ranging from AsC3H9 to AsC12H27. The series was analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to provide a trialkyl arsines library that can be used for the direct analysis of natural samples.

Fundamental Study on Arsenic(III) Halides (AsX3; X = Br, I) toward the Construction of C3-Symmetrical Monodentate Arsenic Ligands

Arsenic ligands have attracted considerable attention in coordination chemistry. Arsenic(III) halides are the most important starting materials in the preparation of monodentate arsenic ligands. In this work, we optimized the synthetic methodologies of arsenic(III) halides (AsX3; X = Br, I) and examined the difference of their physical properties such as solubility to organic solvent and reactivity to nucleophiles. In addition, a wide variety of monodentate arsenic ligands were prepared with the obtained AsX3. Finally, the obtained monodentate arsenic ligands were utilized for copper-free Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction in the reaction system with porphyrin. The results showed that monodentate arsenic ligands have higher catalytic activity compared with triphenylphosphine because of the difference of the electronic features of lone pairs between arsenic and phosphorus atoms.

Preparation of stable AsBr4+ and I2As-PI 3+ salts. Why didn't we succeed to prepare AsI 4+ and As2X5+? A combined experimental and theoretical study

In analogy to our successful PX2+ insertion reactions, an AsX2+ insertion route was explored to obtain new arsenic halogen cations. Two new salts were prepared: AsBr4+[Al(OR)4]-, starting from AsBr3, Br2 and Ag[Al(OR)4], and I 2As-PI3+[Al(OR)]4 from AsI 3, PI3 and Ag[Al(OR)4] (R = C(CF 3)3). The first cation is formally a product of an AsBr2+ insertion into the Br2 molecule and the latter clearly a PI2+ insertion into the As-I bond of the AsI3 molecule. Both compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, the first also by its X-ray structure. Reactions of Ag[Al(OR)4] with AsI3 do not lead to ionization and Agi formation but rather lead to a marginally stable Ag(AsI3)2+[Al(OR)]4 salt. Despite many attempts we failed to prepare other PX-cation analogues such as AsI 4+, As2X5+ and P 4AsX2+ (X = Br, I). To explain these negative results the thermodynamics of the formation of EX2+, EX4+ and E2X5+ (E = As, P; X = Br, I) was carefully analyzed with MP2/TZVPP calculations and inclusion of entropy and solvation effects. We show that As2Br5 + is in very rapid equilibrium with AsBr2+ and AsBr3 (ΔG°(CH2Cl2) = +30 kJ mol -1). The extremely reactive AsBr2+ cation available in the equilibrium accounts for the observed decomposition of the [Al(OR)4]- anion. By contrast, the stability of AsI 3 against Ag[Al(OR)4] appears to be kinetic and, if prepared by a suitable route, As2I5+ would be expected to have a stability intermediate between the known P2I 5+ and P2Br5+. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2005.