7784-34-1

Usage

Uses

Used in Pharmaceutical Industry:
ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE is used as an intermediate in the manufacture of organoarsenic compounds for various pharmaceutical applications.
Used in Insecticide Production:
ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE is used as a component in the production of insecticides, contributing to their effectiveness in controlling pests.
Used in Ceramic Industry:
ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE is utilized in the ceramic industry, where it plays a role in the synthesis of chlorine-containing arsenicals, such as chloro derivatives of arsine.
Used in Chemical Synthesis:
ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of various chemical compounds, including organoarsenic compounds, which have diverse applications in different industries.

Preparation

The compound is generally made from arsenic trioxide by (i) passing chlorine over it or (ii) treating the trioxide with sulfur monochloride, S2Cl2. Alternatively it is prepared from arsenic trioxide by distillation with either concentrated hydrochloric acid or a mixture of sulfuric acid and a metal chloride. Arsenic trichloride may also be prepared by combination of arsenic and chlorine.

Air & Water Reactions

Fumes in air. Reacts with water to form hydrochloric acid and As(OH)3.

Reactivity Profile

When ARSENIC CHLORIDE is heated to decomposition or on contact with mineral acids, ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE emits highly toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and of metallic arsenic. Explodes with Na, K, and Al on impact [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 275]. The interaction of hexafluoroisopropylideneaminolithium with a range of chlorinated and /or fluorinated derivatives of arsenic, boron, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur yielded a violently exothermic reaction.

Hazard

Strong irritant to eyes and skin.

Health Hazard

ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE can cause death. In acute exposures, it is extremely toxic and caustic, owing not only to the poisonous nature of arsenic, but also to the release of hydrochloric acid in the presence of water. Exposure to the skin causes local irritation and blisters. Inhalation or ingestion causes hemorrhagic gastroenteritis resulting in loss of fluids and electrolytes, collapse, shock and death. Chronic poisoning can lead to peripheral nerve damage, skin conditions, liver damage and it has been implicated in the induction of skin and lung cancer. The fatal human dose is 70-180 mg depending on the weight of the victim.

Fire Hazard

When in contact with active metals such as arsenic, iron, aluminum, zinc, or when heated to decomposition, ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE emits highly toxic fumes of arsenic. Upon contact with water hydrogen chloride is produced. Water causes ARSENIC(III) CHLORIDE to decompose to yield arsenic acid and hydrochloric acid. Avoid active metals such as arsenic, iron, aluminum, zinc, decomposed by water to form arsenic hydroxide and hydrogen chloride. Avoid air, ultraviolet light. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.

Safety Profile

Confirmed human carcinogen. A poison via inhalation. See also ARSENIC COMPOUNDS and CHLORIDES. Very poisonous; fumes in air. Mutation data reported. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of As and Cl-. Highly reactive. Explodes with Na, K, and Al on impact.

Potential Exposure

Arsenic chloride is used in the ceramics industry; in the synthesis of chlorine-containing arsenicals; as a chemical intermediate for arsenic insecticides, pharmaceuticals; and has been used in chemical warfare agents.

Shipping

UN1560 Arsenic trichloride, Hazard class 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poison Inhalation Hazard, Inhalation Hazard Zone B.

Purification Methods

Reflux the trichloride with arsenic for 4hours, then fractionally distil it. The middle fraction is stored with sodium wire for two days, then again distilled [Lewis & Sowerby J Chem Soc 336 1957]. It fumes in moist air forming the solid hydroxy-chloride [AsCl(OH)2] and is readily hydrolysed by H2O to form arsenious acid. POISONOUS. [Schenk in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 596 1963.]

Incompatibilities

Contact with sodium, potassium, or powdered aluminum may cause a violent reaction. It is decomposed in water, forming arsenic hydroxide and hydrogen chloride. Exposure to light forms toxic gas. Violent reaction with anhydrous ammonia, strong acids; strong oxidizers and halogens. Incompatible with alkali metals; active metals, such as arsenic, iron, aluminum, zinc. Corrodes metals in the presence of moisture and forms flammable and explosive hydrogen gas.

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Dissolve in a minimum of concentrated hydrochloric acid. Dilute with water until white precipitate forms. Add HCl to dissolve. Saturate with H2S; filter and wash precipitate and return to supplier. Alternatively, precipitate with heavy metals, such as lime or ferric hydroxide in lieu of H2S.If needed, seek professional environmental engineering assistance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Response Team at (908) 548-8730 (24-hour response line). In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.

InChI:InChI=1/AsH3.3ClH/h1H3;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3

Upstream product

• 7719-09-7 thionyl chloride 
• 109100-82-5 (9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-[1]anthryl)-arsonic acid 
• 562050-10-6 benzyl-dichloro-arsine 
• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 875-57-0 dichloro-(2,4-dimethyl-phenyl)-arsine 
• 7726-95-6 bromine 
• 7790-99-0 Iodine monochloride 
• 7778-39-4 orthoarsenic acid 
• 10025-67-9 disulfur dichloride 
• 10026-13-8 phosphorus pentachloride 
• 12279-90-2 realgar 
• 65113-28-2 tetraarsenic hexasulfide 
• 7727-18-6 vanadium(V) oxychloride 
• 98-88-4 benzoyl chloride 

Downstream Products

• 13497-57-9 tris(p-(dimethylamino)phenyl)arsine 
• 72104-18-8 4-arsenoso-N,N-dimethyl-aniline 
• 696-28-6 dichlorophenylarsine 
• 712-48-1 chlorodiphenylarsine 
• 603-32-7 triphenyl-arsane 
• 617-75-4 triethylarsine 
• 593-88-4 trimethylarsine 
• 91-20-3 naphthalene 
• 53720-44-8 (1-C₁₀H₇)2AsCl 
• 10026-07-0 tellurium tetrachloride 
• 7440-38-2 arsenic 
• 7786-30-3 magnesium chloride 
• 13453-07-1 gold(III) chloride 
• 13454-96-1 platinum(IV) chloride 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of a Homologous Series of Trialkyl Arsines (C3-C12) and Applications of Arsenic Triiodide as a Synthetic Precursor

This work presents some modifications in the post-synthetic processing for a classical arsenic reagent: AsI3. In comparison with the widely used analog, the trichloride, arsenic triiodide presents several advantages such as low toxicity, air stability, and low volatility. It was used as a synthetic precursor in the preparation of a variety of arsenic(III) derivatives like arsines, arsenites, and thioarsenites. Besides that, AsI3 was submitted to a diversity-oriented Grignard reaction in the preparation of a homologous series of trialkyl arsines ranging from AsC3H9 to AsC12H27. The series was analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry to provide a trialkyl arsines library that can be used for the direct analysis of natural samples.

Rhodium(III) and iridium(III) half-sandwich complexes with tertiary arsine and stibine ligands

The syntheses of rhodium(III) and iridium(III) half-sandwich complexes containing tertiary arsine and stibine ligands of the form [Cp?M(L)Cl2] (M = Rh, Ir; L = AsEt3, AsPh3, SbPh3) are reported. These compounds represent infrequent examples of rhodium and iridium metal complexes bearing arsenic or antimony ligands. All new compounds were fully characterised using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction. DFT calculations show the formation of the complexes from (Cp?MCl2)2 and EPh3 (E = P, As, Sb) to be highly exothermic, although the enthalpic driving force is decreasing in the expected sequence P > As > Sb.

Thermogravimetric study of GaAs chlorination between -30 and 900 °c

Gallium (as GaAs) is at present an essential part of electronic devices, and the recovery of this element from electronic wastes is fundamental for the metallurgic industry. In this work, with the aim of recovering Ga by chlorination, the following reacti

Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of tris(O,O′-ditolyl dithiophosphato) arsenic/antimony/bismuth(III) compounds: Crystal structures of [As{S2P(OC6H4Me-m)2} 3]·0.5C6H14

Title Full: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of tris(O,O ′-ditolyl dithiophosphato) arsenic/antimony/bismuth(III) compounds: Crystal structures of [As{S2P(OC6H4Me-m)2} 3]·0.5C6H

Reactivity of Sulphuryl Chloride in Acetonitrile with the Elements

Sulphuryl chloride in MeCN reacts with all but the most refractory elements to give mainly solvated chlorides at or below 300 K in contrast with SO2Cl2 alone which requires at least twice this temperature.There is evidence for an ionic mechanism based on analogy, thermochemistry, transport measurements and additive effects.The instability of these solutions leading to polymerization, together with its inhibition, is described.Sulphur dioxide formed in reactions seldom plays a reductive role apart from influencing formation of the mixed-valence Tl4Cl6.Semiquantitative kinetic measurements in different solvents emphasize the uniqueness of MeCN.For most elements attack is diffusion controlled across surface films giving a parabolic dependence on time which can be linearized if film growth is prevented by changing the solvent mix.The varied nature of these surface films vitiates any simple relation between rate and periodicity.Some applications are indicated.

Kinetics of the reaction of gallium arsenide with molecular chlorine

The reaction of Cl2 with the (100) face of a GaAs single crystal was studied in the temperature range from 25 to 150 deg C.The reaction was found to be first order in Cl2 at low pressures with an activation energy of 23.6 kcal.At pressures above 10 Torr it was found to reach a limiting rate with an activation energy of 14.2 kcal, attributable to the enthalpy of desorption of the GaCl3 product from this surface.

Multinuclear Nmr Study of the Reactivity of BCl3 with (Dimethylamino)dichloroarsine and (Dimethylamino)dimethylarsine

The reactions of BCl3 with Cl2AsNMe2 and Me2AsNMe2 have been carried out and followed by temperature-dependent (11)B, (13)C, and (1)H nmr.At -100 deg C, Cl2AsNMe2 forms Cl2AsNMe2BCl3.Decomposition of this adduct begins within a short time to yield Me2NBCl2 and AsCl3.At -100 deg C, Me2AsNMe2 gives equimolar amounts of the Me2AsNMe2*BCl3 and Me2AsNMe2*BCl3 adducts.The As-B and N-B adducts undergo rearrangement to intermediates that decompose ultimately to a mixture of Me2NBCl2 and Me2AsCl.The reaction of Me2NBCl2 with Me2AsNMe2, at -90 deg C, gives Me2AsNMe2*Me2NBCl2 which subsequently decomposes to (Me2N)2BCl and Me2AsCl.The nmr spectral data for these reactions and the intermediate reaction products are discussed.

Preparation, X-ray crystal structures, and vibrational spectra of some salts of the As3S4+ and As3Se4+ cations

The reactions of α- and β-As4S4 and some arsenic-selenium melts with various oxidants in SO2 as solvent are reported. It is shown by X-ray crystallography that the reactions of As4S4 and a 1:1 As-Se melt with the Lewis acids AsF5 and SbF5 in a 1:3 molar ratio in SO2 give the hexafluoroarsenate and hexafluoroantimonate salts of the novel arsenic chalcogen cations As3S4+ and As3Se4+. Crystals of (As3S4)(SbF6) are yellow plates which crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pcam with a = 20.453 (4) A?, b = 5.990 (1) A?, c = 9.609 (2) A?, U = 1177.3 (4) A?3, and dc = 3.32 g cm-3 for Z = 4. Crystals of the isomorphous (As3S4)(AsF6) are dark yellow prisms and rhombs with cell dimensions a = 19.962 (4) A?, b = 5.930 (1) A?, c - 9.441 (3) A?, U = 1115.8 (5) A?3, and dc = 3.22 g cm-3 for Z = 4. The compound (As3Se4)(SbF6) forms orange diamond-shaped plates which crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/m with a = 6.224 (3) A?, b = 9.564 (5) A?, c = 10.643 (5) A?, β = 92.65 (4)°, U = 632.9 (5) A?3, and dc = 4.07 g cm-3 for Z = 2. The structure of the compound (As3S4)(SbF6) was solved by using the Patterson function and refined by least-squares methods to final agreement indices R1 = 0.036 and R2 = 0.043 for 699 observed data. The isomorphous compound (As3S4)(AsF6) has similarly been refined by least-squares methods to final agreement indices R1 = 0.043 and R2 = 0.052 for 546 observed data. The structure of the compound (As3Se4)(SbF6) was solved by using direct methods and has been refined by least-squares to final agreement indices R1 = 0.064 and R2 = 0.082 for 620 observed reflections. The two cations As3S4+ and As3Se4+ are isostructural with crystallographic mirror symmetry and an overall symmetry of Cs. The cage structure of the two cations can be derived by bridging three edges of a tetrahedron of three arsenic and one sulfur or selenium atoms by the remaining sulfur or selenium atoms. Bond distances, bond angles and some significant interionic contact distances in these compounds are discussed. In addition, the Raman and IR spectra of these cations as well as the Raman spectrum of As4S3 and an improved Raman spectrum of the compound α-As4S4 are reported.

Crystal structure and molecular geometry of [(η5-C5H5)2Fe] 2As4Cl10O2, the ferrocenium salt of a complex oxychloroarsenate(III) counterion

The title compound crystallizes in the centrosymmetric monoclinic space group C2/c with a a = 23.005 (3) ?, b = 7.410 (1) ?, c = 22.574 (4) ?, and β = 120.966 (12)°. Four formula units are contained in each unit cell. Diffraction data were collected with a Syntex P21 diffractometer (Mo Kα, 2θ = 3-45°), and the structure was refined to discrepancy indices of RF = 2.8% and RwF = 2.8% for those 1744 independent data with I > 3σ(I). The ionic compound is composed of ferrocenium cations (in which the η5-cyclopentadienyl systems are eclipsed) and a complicated oxychloroarsenate(III) dianion. The latter has the formulation As4Cl10O22- and contains two Cl2As-O-AsCl2 moieties which are held together by two chloride ions, each of which bridges three arsenic(III) atoms.