123-77-3

Basic information

• Product Name: Azodicarbonamide
• Synonyms: 1,1’-azobiscarbamide;1,1’-azobis-formamid;1,1’-azodiformamide;1,1'-Azodiformamide;abfa;az;azobiscarbonamide;azobiscarboxamide
• CAS NO: 123-77-3
• Molecular Formula: C₂H₄N₄O₂
• Molecular Weight: 116.08
• EINECS: 204-650-8
• Product Categories: Industrial/Fine Chemicals;pharmacetical;A-B;Alphabetical Listings;Flavors and Fragrances;Azo/Diazo Compounds;Nitrogen Compounds;Organic Building Blocks;Azo/Diazo Compounds;Building Blocks;Chemical Synthesis;Nitrogen Compounds;Organic Building Blocks;pharm intermediate;Pyridines
• Mol File: 123-77-3.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 220-225 °C (dec.)(lit.)
• Boiling Point: 217.08°C (rough estimate)
• Flash Point: 225 °C
• Appearance: orange crystalline powder
• Density: 1.65
• Vapor Pressure: 0Pa at 25℃
• Refractive Index: 1.4164 (estimate)
• Storage Temp.: Flammables area
• Solubility: water: soluble0.033g/L at 20°C
• PKA: 14.45±0.50(Predicted)
• Water Solubility: SOLUBLE IN HOT WATER
• Stability: Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts.
• Merck: 14,919
• BRN: 1758709
• CAS DataBase Reference: Azodicarbonamide(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Azodicarbonamide(123-77-3)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Azodicarbonamide(123-77-3)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 42-44-R44-R42
• Safety Statements: 22-24-37-S37-S24-S22
• RIDADR: UN 3242 4.1/PG 2
• WGK Germany: 1
• RTECS: LQ1040000
• HazardClass: 4.1
• PackingGroup: II
• Hazardous Substances Data: 123-77-3(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Uses

Used in Plastics and Rubber Industries:
Azodicarbonamide is used as a blowing agent for the expansion of various polymers, such as polyvinyl chloride, polyolefins, and natural/synthetic rubbers. It helps in the production of lightweight and easily moldable materials.
Used in Bread Flours and Bread:
Azodicarbonamide is used as a dough conditioner in bread flours and bread, improving the physical properties of the dough and the baking performance. It optimizes the levels of oxidant/reducing agents in the baking process, resulting in a more manageable dough and a lighter, more voluminous loaf of bread.
Used in Cereal Flour:
Azodicarbonamide is used as a maturing and bleaching agent in cereal flour, enhancing the quality and appearance of the final product. It can be used with the oxidizing agent potassium bromate, and a typical use level is less than 45 ppm.
Used in the Production of Plastics:
Azodicarbonamide is used as a blowing and foaming agent in the production of plastics, contributing to the creation of lightweight and easily shaped plastic materials.

References

[1] https://www.fda.gov [2] http://www.who.int [3] C. D. Han, Y. W. Kim and K. D. Malhotra, A study of foam extrusion using a chemical blowing agent , Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 1976, vol. 20, 1583-1595

Air & Water Reactions

Highly flammable. Water insoluble. Dust may form an explosive mixture in air.

Reactivity Profile

Azodicarbonamide is easily ignited and burns rapidly. Confined samples show a high rate of pressure rise during thermal decomposition, which produces carbon monoxide and nitrogen. Sensitive to temperatures exceeding 122°F. May be sensitive to exposure to light. Stable in bulk when stored for two weeks at temperatures up to 140°F. Slightly unstable in water suspension (showed1.3% decomposition at 2 mg/mL over a two-week period at room temperature in the light but no decomposition at 41°F over a two-week period in the dark . Reacts with hot water to give nitrogen, carbon monoxide, and ammonia [Hawley]. Decomposes in hot hydrochloric acid. Incompatible with strong acids and bases, and with compounds of metals.

Health Hazard

Inhalation or contact with vapors, substance or decomposition products may cause severe injury or death. May produce irritating, toxic and/or corrosive gases. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.

Fire Hazard

Self-decomposition or self-ignition may be triggered by heat, chemical reaction, friction or impact. May be ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May burn violently. Decomposition may be self-accelerating and produce large amounts of gases. Vapors or dust may form explosive mixtures with air.

Flammability and Explosibility

Nonflammable

Safety Profile

Flammable solid. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4N4O2/c3-1(9)5-7-8-6-2(4)10/h(H3,3,5,8,9)(H3,4,6,7,10)

Synthetic route

1,1'-azobisformamide (123-77-3) + buta-1,3-diene (106-99-0) → 3,6-dihydro-pyridazine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diamide (17644-85-8)

Conditions	Yield
With N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 100℃;

1,1'-azobisformamide (123-77-3) + formamide (77287-34-4, 77287-35-5, 60100-09-6) → Trisformamoylhydrazin (39981-78-7)

Conditions	Yield
With dibenzoyl peroxide

1,1'-azobisformamide (123-77-3) + 4-acetamidobenzenesulfinic acid (710-24-7) → 1-(N-acetyl-sulfanilyl)-semicarbazide (10396-14-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In sodium hydroxide; water; dimethyl sulfoxide

Upstream product

• 1972-28-7 diethylazodicarboxylate 
• 110-21-4 hydrazodicarboxamide 
• 31775-57-2 monofluorourea 
• 67249-82-5 aminocarbonyl nitrogen 
• 57-13-6 urea 
• 94030-93-0 urea hydrobromide 
• 6272-66-8 diazenedicarboximidic acid diamide; dinitrate 
• 13125-56-9 carbamoyl azide 

Downstream Products

• 10396-14-2 1-(N-acetyl-sulfanilyl)-semicarbazide 
• 420-05-3 cyanic acid 
• 504-89-2 Azodicarbonsaeure 
• 110-21-4 hydrazodicarboxamide 
• 57508-55-1 5-(3-nitro-phenyl)-1,2-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one 
• 79731-21-8 C₁₀H₁₅N₄O₂P 
• 7664-41-7 ammonia 
• 108-80-5 isocyanuric acid 
• 74-90-8 hydrogen cyanide 
• 7732-18-5 water 
• 15719-64-9 methylammonium carbonate 
• 939-07-1 5-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazol-3-one 
• 17644-85-8 3,6-dihydro-pyridazine-1,2-dicarboxylic acid diamide 
• 916329-38-9 hydrogen azide 

Related news

Test methodNon-isothermal decomposition kinetics of Azodicarbonamide (cas 123-77-3) in high density polyethylene using a capillary rheometer09/27/2019

In this work, a capillary rheometer coupled with a closed die was used to study the non-isothermal decomposition kinetics of azodicarbonamide (ACA) in high density polyethylene (HDPE). Samples having 0.5% ACA were studied with or without the addition of 0.1% zinc oxide (ZnO) as an activator. Usi...detailed

Rapid and label-free Raman detection of Azodicarbonamide (cas 123-77-3) with asthma risk09/10/2019

Azodicarbonamide (ADA), a dough conditioner and bleaching agent of flour, is widely applied as a new flour fortifier in some certain countries. However, it is banned in Australia and Europe because of its toxicity and asthma risk for human beings. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with ...detailed

Ratiometric fluorescent detection of Azodicarbonamide (cas 123-77-3) based on silicon nanoparticles and quantum dots09/09/2019

Herein, a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe ([email protected]) was constructed for quantitative detection of ADA in flour for the first time. The ratiometric fluorescent probe ([email protected]) based on silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) showed two well-resolved emiss...detailed

Foamability of Natural Rubber via Microwave Assisted Foaming with Azodicarbonamide (cas 123-77-3) (ADC) as Blowing Agent09/08/2019

Utilization of microwave in material processing has attracted significant interest due to its advantages such as rapid and volumetric heating capability. However, the use of microwave in rubbers is usually focused on vulcanization and devulcanization of rubber, but very limited on rubber foaming...detailed

Relevant articles and documents

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AZO COMPOUNDS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method that can produce azo compounds at good yields by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo groups of hydrazo compounds when oxidatively dehydrogenating them. SOLUTION: Azo compounds are produced by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo compounds in the presence of vanadium or cerium compounds, and a solvent. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPOandINPIT

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AZO COMPOUNDS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method that can produce azo compounds at good yields by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo compounds when oxidatively dehydrogenating them. SOLUTION: Azo compounds are produced by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo compounds in the presence of nitrite compounds, bromine compounds and a solvent. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPOandINPIT

METHOD FOR PRODUCING AZO COMPOUNDS

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method that can produce azo compounds at good yields by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo compounds when oxidatively dehydrogenating them. SOLUTION: Azo compounds are produced by making oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas act on hydrazo compounds in the presence of at least one compound selected from the group consisting of vanadium and cerium compounds, the oxidation reaction to be performed without using a solvent. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2018,JPOandINPIT

NOVEL METHOD FOR PRODUCING AZODICARBONAMIDE

Provided is a method for producing azodicarbonamide, said method being safe and environmentally friendly. Azodicarbonamide is produced by electrolytically oxidizing urea in water or a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixed system of water with an organic solvent.

A method for reducing the particle size of the aldehyde compound method of foaming agent

The invention discloses a simple novel method used for controlling ADC (azodicarbonamide) product particle size. The simple novel comprises following steps: (1) synthesized biurea is subjected to filtering, washing, and ultrafine grinding so as to reduce median particle diameter (d50) of biruea to Am; (2) water or a diluted acid is added into the grinded biruea so as to obtain a biruea slurry, and an oxidizing agent is added for oxidation; and (3) an ADC product obtained via oxidation is subjected to filtering and washing, and product particle size is controlled. Beneficial effects of the method are that: the particle size of synthesized biruea generally ranges from 50 to 150m, and the specific surface area is small, so that in reaction processes dissolving speed of biruea is low, and the particle size of the obtained ADC product is relatively high. In the prior art, the particle size of the ADC product is mainly controlled by adjusting reaction temperature; if the reaction temperature is too low, energy consumption caused by refrigeration is increased, reaction speed is slowed, and production efficiency is reduced. According to the simple novel method, biruea is not a hazardous chemical substance, and crystal is convenient to smash, so that biruea is subjected to super-refinement, the specific surface area is increased, dissolving speed of biruea is increased, and the particle size of the ADC product is controlled.

New production method for azodicarbonamide

Provided is an economical, safe, and more environmentally-friendly production method for azodicarbonamide. According to the present invention, in a homogeneous system or heterogeneous miscible system of water or an organic solvent or an ionic solution, and an organic solvent and/or an ionic solution and water, azodicarbonamide is produced by using hydrogen peroxide in urea and reacting active chlorine or active chlorine ions and an active bromine compound such as active bromine or active bromine ions and/or an active form derived from hydrogen peroxide, or by electrolytically oxidizing an intermediate as desired to obtain a target, and recycling and using post-reaction byproducts.

Synthetic method for ADC

The invention provides a synthetic method for ADC (azodicarbonamide). The synthetic method comprises the following steps: (1) introducing chlorine into a sodium hydroxide solution for reaction, so as to obtain a solution A; (2) adding the solution A into a urea solution to obtain a solution B; (3) adding the solution B and urea solid powder into a four-neck bottle, performing a reflux reaction, cooling the four-neck bottle to a room temperature, performing suction filtration, and drying filter cakes; and (4) adding a white solid prepared by the above processes, a catalyst, urea, EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) and deionized water into the four-neck bottle sequentially, adjusting the pH value of the reaction system to 2-3 by using a sulfuric acid solution, dropwise adding hydrogen peroxide for reaction, then performing cooling and suction filtration, and drying filter cakes to obtain the ADC. The synthetic method provided by the invention improves the synthetic rate of the ADC, especially greatly reduces the content of harmful substances in wastewater, improves the yield, and also improves the quality of an ADC product at the same time.

An ozone and hydrogen peroxide compound oxidation hydrazo azodimethylamide of production method

The invention discloses a method for producing azodicarbonamide through biruea obtained by carrying out combined oxidation on ozone and hydrogen peroxide. The method comprises the following steps: a. adding the biruea and water to a reaction kettle to prepare a biruea suspension liquid; b. adding a catalyst of the biruea, adding a hydrochloric acid solution to regulate the pH of a kettle solution to 2-5, wherein the catalyst is ferric chloride or ferrous chloride; c. when reaction is started, firstly dropwise adding the hydrogen peroxide, then starting an ozone generator, continuously introducing the ozone into the reaction kettle, and controlling reaction temperature; and d. when the reaction is finished, filtering and washing a solid, drying in a drying box to constant weight to obtain a product, namely the azodicarbonamide, and recycling filtered mother liquor. The method disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects of the biruea is obtained by carrying out the combined oxidation on the ozone and the hydrogen peroxide, the hydrogen peroxide can play a catalyst role when the reaction is started, the reaction is fast and no by-product is generated after the ozone is added, the reaction can be fast completed due to high oxidability of the ozone and a foaming agent with a thin particle diameter can be prepared.

METHOD FOR PREPARING HYDRAZODICARBONAMIDE USING BIURET AS STARTING MATERIAL

The method for preparing hydrazodicarbonamide(HDCA) using biuret as a starting material is disclosed. The method comprises the steps of; obtaining metal monohalobiuret salt by reacting a biuret with a metal hypohalogen compound, or by reacting the biuret with a halogenating agent and a base; and reacting the obtained metal monohalobiuret salt with ammonia, wherein the hydrazodicarbonamide is produced in the presence of a catalyst including bromine or iodine atom and generating bromine or iodine ion during the reaction.

Electrochemical synthesis of azodicarboxamide

The possibility was studied of electrochemical synthesis of azodicarboxamide by oxidation of hydrazodicarboxamide with anodically generated bromine in a diaphragmless electrolyzer. An electrolyte composition was found which allows performing the process with ORTA anodes. Electrolysis parameters were determined at which the yield of the target product is as high as 93%. The possibility was established of recycling the electrolyte solution.