5355-16-8Relevant articles and documents
Halogenated trimethoprim derivatives as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapeutics
Nilchan, Napon,Phetsang, Wanida,Nowwarat, Taechin,Chaturongakul, Soraya,Jiarpinitnun, Chutima
, p. 5343 - 5348 (2018/05/25)
Incorporation of halogen atoms to drug molecule has been shown to improve its properties such as enhanced in membrane permeability and increased hydrophobic interactions to its target. To investigate the effect of halogen substitutions on the antibacterial activity of trimethoprim (TMP), we synthesized a series of halogen substituted TMP and tested for their antibacterial activities against global predominant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested a trend in potency that correlated with the ability of the halogen atom to facilitate in hydrophobic interaction to saDHFR. The most potent derivative, iodinated trimethoprim (TMP-I), inhibited pathogenic bacterial growth with MIC as low as 1.25 μg/mL while the clinically used TMP derivative, diaveridine, showed resistance. Similar to TMP, synergistic studies indicated that TMP-I functioned synergistically with sulfamethoxazole. The simplicity in the synthesis from an inexpensive starting material, vanillin, highlighted the potential of TMP-I as antibacterial agent for MRSA infections.
Target Guided Synthesis of 5-Benzyl-2,4-diamonopyrimidines: Their Antimalarial Activities and Binding Affinities to Wild Type and Mutant Dihydrofolate Reductases from Plasmodium falciparum
Sirichaiwat, Chawanee,Intaraudom, Chakapong,Kamchonwongpaisan, Sumalee,Vanichtanankul, Jarunee,Thebtaranonth, Yodhathai,Yuthavong, Yongyuth
, p. 345 - 354 (2007/10/03)
The resistance to pyrimethamine (PYR) of Plasmodium falciparum arising from mutation at position 108 of dihydrofolate reductase (pfDHFR) from serine to asparagine (S108N) is due to steric interaction between the bulky side chain of N108 and C1 atom of the 5-p-C1 aryl group of PYR, which consequently resulted in the reduction in binding affinity between the enzyme and inhibitor. Molecular modeling suggested that the flexible antifolate, such as trimethoprim (TMP) derivatives, could avoid this steric constraint and should be considered as new, potentially effective compounds. The hydrophobic interaction between the side chain of inhibitor and the active site of the enzyme around position 108 was enhanced by the introduction of a longer and more hydrophobic side chain on TMP's 5-benzyl moiety. The prepared compounds, especially those bearing aromatic substituents, exhibited better binding affinities to both wild type and mutant enzymes than the parent compound. Binding affinities of these compounds correlated well with their antimalarial activities against both wild type and resistant parasites. Molecular modeling of the binding of such compounds with pfDHFR also supported the experimental data and clearly showed that aromatic substituents play an important role in enhancing binding affinity. In addition, some compounds with 6-alkyl substituents showed relatively less decrease in binding constants with the mutant enzymes and relatively good antimalarial activities against the parasites bearing the mutant enzymes.
Synthesis and antimycobacterial effects of some lipophilic substituted 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines
Hachtel,Haller,Seydel
, p. 1778 - 1783 (2007/10/02)
2,4-Diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines 1-23 with lipophilic substitution in the benzylic moiety were synthesized by the morpholino-anilino-procedure. Their effects against various mycobacteria were verified by MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) in whole cells and I50-measurements in whole cell and cell-free systems. Especially the substances 7-12 are strong inhibitors of some atypical mycobacterial strains which are sometimes associated with tuberculosis in the elderly and with AIDS. They might be promising candidates for therapy.
Process for substituted 5-benzyl-2,4-diamino-pyrimidines
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, (2008/06/13)
A process for preparing a compound of the formula STR1 wherein R1 and R2 are lower alkoxy or taken together are METHYLENEDIOXY; R3 is lower alkyl or hydrogen, which comprises the step of reacting an aromatic compound of the formula STR2 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are as previously described, with a diamino-pyrimidine of the formula STR3 wherein R4 is lower alkoxy, benzyloxy, hydroxy or halogen, in the presence of an inorganic or organic acid selected from the group consisting of ortho-phosphoric acid, poly-phosphoric acid, hydrohalic acids and tri-haloacetic acids, at a temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 110° C., is described.
Benzyl cyanoacetals
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, (2008/06/13)
Benzyl cyanoacetals of formula: STR1 wherein R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and each is a halogen or a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group, an alkyl group, or a dialkylamino group; R4 is an alkoxycarbonyl group, or an aldehyde group; And R5 is an alkyl group; the alkyl or alkoxy groups each having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and their use as intermediates in the preparation of antibacterial 2,4-diamino-5-benzylpyrimidines. They are prepared from a reaction between an orthoester and an α-substituted-β-benzylpropionitrile and then the resulting cyanoacetal is converted to the benzyl-pyrimidine by reaction with guanidine.
Process for preparing 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted benzyl)-pyrimidines
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, (2008/06/13)
2,4-Diaminopyrimidines bearing a substituted benzyl group in position-1 are prepared from the correspondingly substituted α-alkoxymethylcinnamonitrile by treatment of the latter with an alkali metal alkoxide in mono-methyl ether of ethylene glycol and subsequently reacting the resulting reaction mixture with guanidine.
Preparation of β-anilino-α-benzylacrylonitriles
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, (2008/06/13)
Compounds comprising selected N-substituted β-amino-α-benzyl-acrylonitriles and methods of preparing said compounds substantially free from the corresponding bensalacrylonitrile. The compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of antibacterial and antimalerial agents.
Process for the manufacture of pyrimidine derivatives
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, (2008/06/13)
A process for the manufacture of 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted benzyl)pyrimidines from the corresponding 6-hydroxy-derivatives or the hydrochloride thereof by (a) chlorinating with phosphoryl chloride in presence of a considerable excess of hydrogen chloride and (b) hydrogenation of the thus easily in practically pure form and with high yields obtained 6-chloro derivatives.
3-Imino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxides
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, (2008/06/13)
New 3-Imino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1-oxides of formula I SPC1 wherein R represents an alkyl, alkenyl or haloalkyl radical, a phenyl or aralkyl radical optionally substituted by alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, halogen or hydroxy, X and Y each independently represent hydrogen, halogen, an alkyl or alkoxy radical, or one of the two symbols represents a phenoxy or phenylsulphonyl radical optionally substituted by halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl and/or alkoxy which are active against harmful microorganisms are disclosed.
