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59-23-4

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59-23-4 Usage

Description

Different sources of media describe the Description of 59-23-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. D-Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that serves as an energy source and glycosylation component. It is a C-4 epimer of glucose and often used as a source of carbon in culture media. Galactose is a component of the disaccharide lactose and released upon hydrolysis by β-galactosidase enzymes. It is converted to glucose via the Leloir pathway or metabolized via an alternative pathway, such as the DeLey-Doudoroff pathway.
2. D-Galactose is a natural aldohexose and C-4 epimer of glucose. D-galactose is converted enzymatically into D-glucose for metabolism or polysaccharides for storage. Chronic, systemic exposure to D-galactose accelerates senescence in invertebrates and mammals and has been used as a model for aging. In bacteria, D-galactose is imported by a methyl-galactoside transport system to drive chemotaxis.

Chemical Properties

White powder

Uses

Different sources of media describe the Uses of 59-23-4 differently. You can refer to the following data:
1. A C-4 epimer of Glucose (G595000) found in milk and sugar beets as well as being synthesized by the body. Potential use in oral therapy for nephrotic syndrome in focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis.
2. D-Galactose is suitable for use in cell culture systems requiring sugar additives.
3. Galactose is a simple monosaccharide used as a component of the galactosyltransferase labeling buffer. It serves as an energy source and an important constituent of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Since it is a component of antigens, it plays a vital role in the determination of blood type within the ABO blood group system.

Definition

A monosaccharide commonly occurring in milk sugar or lactose.

Application

Galactose has been used:as a component of galactosyltransferase labeling buffer.as a supplement in MRS broth for the growth of thermophilic lactobacilli.to induce the expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) in yeast transformants.

General Description

Galactose is a constituent of lactose. It is one of the main nutrients for newborn infants and young children. It is produced in the body for the formation of lactose and is also a component of glycolipids (cerebrosides) and glycoproteins.

Biological Activity

Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia.

Biochem/physiol Actions

Galactose is a simple monosaccharide that serves as an energy source and as an essential component of glycolipids and glycoproteins. Galactose contributes to energy metabolism via its conversion to glucose by the enzymes that constitute the Leloir pathway. Defects in the genes encoding these proteins lead to the metabolic disorder galactosemia.

Purification Methods

D-Galactose is crystallised twice from aqueous 80% EtOH at -10o, then dried in a vacuum oven at 90o over P2O5 for 10hours. [Link Biochemical Preparations 3 75 1953, Hansen et al. Biochemical Preparations 4 2 1955.] Also purify it by recrystallising the dried solid (150g) in hot H2O (150mL), then adding hot MeOH (250mL) and hot EtOH (500mL), stirring to mix, filtering through a bed of charcoal, and the clear filtrate is stirred to initiate crystallisation. After standing overnight at 10o, the crystals of the -anomer are filtered off by suction, washed with MeOH, then EtOH, and dried (yield 130g), and more can be obtained by evaporation of the filtrate and washing as before. [Wolfrom & Thompson Methods in Carbohydrate Chemistry I 120 1962, Academic Press, Beilstein 1 IV 4336.]

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 59-23-4 includes 5 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 2 digits, 5 and 9 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 2 and 3 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 59-23:
(4*5)+(3*9)+(2*2)+(1*3)=54
54 % 10 = 4
So 59-23-4 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C6H12O6/c7-1-3(9)5(11)6(12)4(10)2-8/h1,3-6,8-12H,2H2/t3-,4+,5+,6-/m0/s1

59-23-4 Well-known Company Product Price

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  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A12813)  D-(+)-Galactose, 98%   

  • 59-23-4

  • 50g

  • 170.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A12813)  D-(+)-Galactose, 98%   

  • 59-23-4

  • 250g

  • 486.0CNY

  • Detail
  • Alfa Aesar

  • (A12813)  D-(+)-Galactose, 98%   

  • 59-23-4

  • 1000g

  • 1489.0CNY

  • Detail

59-23-4SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 12, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 12, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name D-Galactose

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names galactos

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:59-23-4 SDS

59-23-4Synthetic route

1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose
4064-06-6

1,2:3,4-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-galactopyranose

D-Galactose
59-23-4

D-Galactose

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With H-Beta zeolite; water In methanol for 24h; Product distribution; Further Variations:; Reagents; Temperatures; Heating;96%
Conditions
ConditionsYield
With β-GaL-3-NTag from B. circulans ATCC 31382; water; methyltrioctylammonium bistriflamide In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; for 3h; pH=6; Enzymatic reaction;A 9%
B 91%
With β-GaL-3-NTag from B. circulans ATCC 31382; water; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium methylsulfate In aq. phosphate buffer at 37℃; for 3h; pH=6; Enzymatic reaction;A 78%
B 22%
With β-galactosidase-3-N-terminal 6-histidine tag from Bacillus circulans ATCC 31382 In aq. phosphate buffer pH=6; Enzymatic reaction;

59-23-4Relevant articles and documents

Hydrolysis of β-galactosyl ester linkage by β-galactosidases

Kiso, Taro,Nakano, Hirofumi,Nakajima, Hirofumi,Terai, Tadamasa,Okamoto, Katsuyuki,Kitahata, Sumio

, p. 1702 - 1706 (2000)

p-Hydroxybenzoyl β-galactose (pHB-Gal) was synthesized chemically to examine the hydrolytic activity of β-galactosyl ester linkage by β-galactosidases. The enzyme from Penicillium multicolor hydrolyzed the substrate as fast as p-nitrophenyl β-galactoside (pNP-Gal), a usual substrate with a β-galactosidic linkage. The enzymes from Escherichia coli and Aspergillus oryzae hydrolyzed pHB-Gal with almost the same rates as pNP-Gal. The enzymes from Bacillus circulans, Saccharomyces fragilis, and bovine liver showed much lower activities. pH-activity profiles, inhibition analysis, and kinetic properties of the enzymic reaction on pHB-Gal suggested that β-galactosidase had only one active site for hydrolysis of both galactosyl ester and galactoside. The Penicillium enzyme hydrolyzed pHB-Gal in the presence of H218O to liberate galactose containing 18O. This result suggests the degradation occurs between the anomeric carbon and an adjacent O atom in the ester linkage of pHB-Gal.

SBA-15 supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) with H2PW12O40- for the hydrolytic catalysis of red macroalgal biomass to sugars

Malihan, Lenny B.,Nisola, Grace M.,Mittal, Neha,Lee, Seong-Poong,Seo, Jeong Gil,Kim, Hern,Chung, Wook-Jin

, p. 33901 - 33909 (2016)

A supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) catalyst for biomass hydrolysis was prepared via immobilization of an acidic ionic liquid (IL) with a phosphotungstic counter-anion H2PW12O40- (HPW) on ordered mesoporous silica (SBA-15). Characterization results from XRD, N2 physisorption, FT-IR, TGA and SEM/TEM image analyses confirmed the successful preparation of the SILP catalyst (SBA-IL-HPW). Meanwhile, its catalytic performance was evaluated in terms of sugar production from the hydrolysis of different biomasses in water. Under optimal hydrolysis conditions, SBA-IL-HPW yielded 73% d-galactose from agarose and 58% d-glucose from cellobiose. Moreover, SBA-IL-HPW effectively hydrolyzed the red macroalgae G. amansii as it afforded 55% total reducing sugar and 38% d-galactose yields. SBA-IL-HPW was easily separated from the hydrolysates after reaction and was re-used five times without significant loss of activity. Overall findings reveal the potential of SBA-IL-HPW as a durable, environmentally benign catalyst for sugar production from renewable resources.

Adxanthromycins A and B, new inhibitors of ICAM-1/LFA-1 mediated cell adhesion molecule from streptomyces sp. NA-148. II. Physico-chemical properties and structure elucidation

Takahashi, Senji,Nakano, Takayuki,Koiwa, Tsukasa,Noshita, Toshiro,Funayama, Shinji,Koshino, Hiroyuki,Nakagawa, Akira

, p. 163 - 170 (2000)

Adxanthromycins A and B are new inhibitors of ICAM-1/LFA-1 mediated cell adhesion molecule isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. NA-148. The molecular formula of adxanthromycins A and B were determined as C42H40O17 and C48H50O22, respectively by FAB-MS and NMR spectral analyses, and the structures of both compounds were elucidated to be a dimeric anthrone peroxide skeleton containing α-D-galactose by various NMR spectral analyses and chemical degradation.

Binkley,Binkley

, p. 163,165, 166 (1970)

An unusual galactofuranose lipopolysaccharide that ensures the intracellular survival of toxin-producing bacteria in their fungal host

Leone, Maria R.,Lackner, Gerald,Silipo, Alba,Lanzetta, Rosa,Molinaro, Antonio,Hertweck, Christian

, p. 7476 - 7480 (2010)

Dress code for living in a fungus: Analysis of the carbohydrate coating of the toxin-producing endobacterium of the phytopathogenic fungus Rhizopus microsporus revealed an unprecedented lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure, which is important for infection and colonization of the fungal host. A mutant lacking the unusual [→2)-β-D-galactofuranose-(1→]n O antigen (red in the schematic illustration) was incapable of forming a stable symbiosis with the fungus.

Hudson,Yanovski

, p. 1022 (1917)

Structural and serological studies on the O-antigen show that Citrobacter youngae PCM 1505 must be classified to a new Citrobacter O-serogroup

Katzenellenbogen, Ewa,Kocharova, Nina A.,Gorska-Fraczek, Sabina,Gamian, Andrzej,Shashkov, Alexander S.,Knirel, Yuriy A.

, p. 52 - 55 (2012)

The O-polysaccharide obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of Citrobacter youngae PCM 1505 was studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with 1D and 2D 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was established: Structural and serological data obtained earlier and in this work show that the strain studied is a candidate to a new Citrobacter O-serogroup.

-

Wolfrom et al.

, p. 1529 (1959)

-

Structural analysis of kappa-carrageenan isolated from Hypnea musciformis (red algae) and evaluation as an elicitor of plant defense mechanism

Arman, Muhammad,Qader, Shah Ali Ul

, p. 1264 - 1271 (2012)

High molecular weight crude and purified polysaccharide fractions obtained from Hypnea musciformis, red algae were evaluated for their elicitor activity in terms of induced browning and phytoalexins production in the cotyledons of Chickpea and Peas. Intense browning was performed from purified fraction of algae that was extracted with water, dilute alkali and acid for elicitor preparations and maximum yield (30.2%) was obtained in aqueous extraction. Chemical composition of these extracted polysaccharides in terms of total sugar, protein, sulfate and uronic acid was performed and found that purified fractions contained sugar content (67.6%) and galactose as a major sugar component. using. Gel Permeation Chromatography of purified fraction identified molecular range ≥70,000 Da. On the basis of FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR studies, the purified fraction was safely characterized as k-carrageenan.

Houttuynoid M, an Anti-HSV Active Houttuynoid from Houttuynia cordata Featuring a Bis-houttuynin Chain Tethered to a Flavonoid Core

Li, Jiao-Jiao,Chen, Guo-Dong,Fan, Hong-Xia,Hu, Dan,Zhou, Zheng-Qun,Lan, Kang-Hua,Zhang, Hui-Ping,Maeda, Hideaki,Yao, Xin-Sheng,Gao, Hao

, p. 3010 - 3013 (2017)

Houttuynoid M (1), a new houttuynoid, and the related known compound houttuynoid A (2) were isolated from Houttuynia cordata. Their structures were defined using NMR data analysis, HR-MSn experiment, and chemical derivatization. Houttuynoid M is the first example of a houttuynoid with a bis-houttuynin chain tethered to a flavonoid core. A putative biosynthetic pathway of houttuynoid M (1) is proposed. The anti-herpes simplex virus (anti-HSV) activities of 1 and 2 (IC50 values of 17.72 and 12.42 μM, respectively) were evaluated using a plaque formation assay with acyclovir as the positive control.

Comparative study on the structural characterization and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of polysaccharide fractions extracted from Sargassum fusiforme at different pH conditions

Jia, Rui-Bo,Li, Zhao-Rong,Lin, Lianzhu,Luo, Donghui,Ou, Zhi-Rong,Zhao, Mouming,Zheng, Qianwen

, p. 602 - 610 (2021/11/30)

Sargassum fusiforme polysaccharides (SFPs), including SFP-3-40, SFP-3-60, SFP-3-80, SFP-7-40, SFP-7-60, SFP-7-80, SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, were extracted at different pH (3, 7, and 10), and then precipitated with graded precipitation of 40%, 60% and 80% (v/v) ethanol solution, respectively. Their physicochemical properties and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity were determined. Results showed that SFPs significantly differed in the contents of total sugar, protein, uronic acid, sulfate, the zeta potential, and molecular weight distribution. SFPs, including SFP-10-40, SFP-10-60, and SFP-10-80, had bigger absolute zeta potential value and higher respective average molecular weight in the same ethanol concentration precipitate. All samples were mainly composed of fucose, glucuronic acid, and mannose with different molar ratios. The extraction pH and precipitation ethanol solution concentration caused little changes in functional groups, but significantly altered surface morphology of SFPs. Congo red test revealed that all polysaccharides were not helical polysaccharides. Rheological measurements indicated that SFPs were pseudoplastic fluids and showed elastic behavior of the gel. Except SFP-3-40 and SFP-3-60, all other samples had a stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity than that of acarbose. The inhibition type of SFPs against α-glucosidase varied owing to different extraction pH and precipitation ethyl concentration. This study shows that extraction pH can significantly affect the structure and hypoglycemic activity of SFPs and provide a data support for the scientific use of Sargassum fusiforme in industrial production.

Cytotoxic triterpene and steroidal glycosides from the seeds of Digitalis purpurea and the synergistic cytotoxicity of steroidal glycosides and etoposide in SBC-3 cells

Fukaya, Haruhiko,Kuroda, Minpei,Matsuo, Yukiko,Mimaki, Yoshihiro,Takatori, Kazuhiro,Tsuchihashi, Hiroko

, (2022/03/27)

The phytochemical investigations of the seeds of Digitalis purpurea have revealed their richness in cardenolide and pregnane glycosides exhibiting potent cytotoxicity; further chemical examinations of the D. purpurea seeds have achieved the isolation of s

Steroidal glycosides from the underground parts of Hosta ventricosa and their anti-inflammatory activities in mice

Chu, Hong-Biao,Li, Nan-Nan,Zhang, Zong-Ping,Hu, Xiao-Yue,Yu, Cai-Yun,Hua, Lei

, p. 1766 - 1774 (2019/07/16)

Two new pregnane glycosides, 2α, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one-3-O-{α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-galactopyranoside} (1) and 2α, 3β-dihydroxy-5α-pregn-16-en-20-one-3-O-{β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside}(2), have been isolated along with two known spirostanol saponins from the underground parts of Hosta ventricosa. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. The anti-inflammatory activities of these steroidal glycosides were evaluated using a xylene-induced ear edema model. Our results indicated that the compounds exhibited promising anti-inflammatory activities.

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