79-14-1

Basic information

• Product Name: Glycolic acid
• Synonyms: Aceticacid, hydroxy- (9CI);Glycolic acid (7CI,8CI);2-Hydroxyacetic acid;2-Hydroxyethanoic acid;GlyPure;GlyPure 70;GlyPure 99;Glycocide;Hydroxyaceticacid;Hydroxyethanoic acid;NSC 166;a-Hydroxyacetic acid
• CAS NO: 79-14-1
• Molecular Formula: C2H4O3
• Molecular Weight: 76.05136
• EINECS: 201-180-5
• Mol File: 79-14-1.mol

Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 10℃
• Boiling Point: 265.6 °C at 760 mmHg
• Flash Point: 128.7 °C
• Appearance: Light yellow to amber liquid
• Density: 1.416 g/cm³
• Water Solubility: SOLUBLE
• CAS DataBase Reference: Glycolic acid(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Glycolic acid(79-14-1)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Glycolic acid(79-14-1)

Safety Data

• Hazard Codes: C:Corrosive
• Statements: R22:; R34:
• Safety Statements: S26:; S36/37/39:; S45:
• Hazardous Substances Data: 79-14-1(Hazardous Substances Data)

Usage

Definition

ChEBI: A 2-hydroxy monocarboxylic acid that is acetic acid where the methyl group has been hydroxylated.

Uses

Constituent of sugar cane juice.

Uses

In the processing of textiles, leather, and metals; in pH control, and wherever a cheap organic acid is needed, e.g. in the manufacture of adhesives, in copper brightening, decontamination cleaning, dyeing, electroplating, in pickling, cleaning and chemical milling of metals.

Purification Methods

Crystallise it from diethyl ether. [Beilstein 3 IV 571.]

References

Bhatia, A. C., and F. Jimenez. "Rapid treatment of mild acne with a novel skin care system containing 1% salicylic acid, 10% buffered glycolic acid, and botanical ingredients." Journal of Drugs in Dermatology Jdd13.6(2014):678-83.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolic_acid
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/glycolic_acid#section=Top

Description

Glycolic acid is the smallest alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA). It is mainly supplemented to various skin-care products to improve the skin’s appearance and texture. It can also reduce wrinkles, acne scarring, and hyperpigmentation. In textile industry, it can be used as a dyeing and tanning agent. It can also be used as a flavoring agent in food processing, and as a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry. It can also be added into emulsion polymers, solvents and ink additives to improve flow properties and impart gloss. Moreover, it is a useful intermediate for organic synthesis including oxidative-reduction, esterification and long chain polymerization.

Chemical Properties

Glycolic acid, CH20HCOOH, also known as hydroxyacetic acid, is composed of colorless deliquescent leaflets that decompose at approximately 78° C (172 OF). It is soluble in water,alcohol,and ether.Glycolic acid is used in dyeing, tanning, electropolishing,and in foodstuffs. It is produced by oxidizing glycol with dilute nitric acid.

InChI:InChI=1/C2H4O3/c3-1-2(4)5/h3H,1H2,(H,4,5)/p-1

Synthetic route

Glycolaldehyde (141-46-8) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium chlorite; dimethyl sulfoxide In aq. phosphate buffer at 0 - 20℃; pH=4;	100%
With 5 % platinum on carbon In water at 80℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 6h; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave;	78%
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave;	50%

N-acetyl-N-nitrosoglycine → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 25℃;	A 100% B 100%
With water-d2 at 25℃; Rate constant; Kinetics; half life; reactions of derivatives under var. conditions;	A 100% B 100%

glycolic acid methyl ester (96-35-5) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 95 - 97℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 2h; Reactive distillation;	100%
With water; Candida rugosa lipase In aq. phosphate buffer at 45℃; for 30h; pH=7.2; Enzymatic reaction;
With water In methanol at 100℃;

formaldehyd (50-00-0) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave;	99.9%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave;	99.9%
With trifluorormethanesulfonic acid; acetic acid at 140℃; under 13689.1 - 52476.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Pressure; Temperature; Time; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave;	99.9%

ethylene glycol (107-21-1) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: ethylene glycol With Rh(OTf)(trop2NH)(PPh3); water; cyclohexanone; sodium hydroxide at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With hydrogenchloride In water Inert atmosphere;	99%
Wird durch verschiedene Essigbakterien;
With ruthenium trichloride; N-Bromosuccinimide; perchloric acid; mercury(II) diacetate; acetic acid In water Thermodynamic data; Mechanism; Kinetics; ΔE(excit.), ΔS(excit.), ΔH(excit.), and ΔF(excit.);

glycolic acid ammonium salt (35249-89-9) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water	98%
With sulfuric acid In water; 4-methyl-2-pentanone; kerosene at 25 - 75℃; for 0.5 - 1h; pH=2 - 3; Purification / work up;
With sulfuric acid In water; toluene at 25 - 75℃; for 0.5h; pH=2 - 3; Purification / work up;

Glyoxal (131543-46-9) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminum trihydroxide; water at 165℃; for 3h; Mechanism;	92%
With water at 99.84℃; for 18h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; Sealed tube; Green chemistry;	91%
With alkali

glycolonitrile (107-16-4) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sulfuric acid; water at 105 - 110℃; for 6h; Temperature;	92%
With water; microbial enzyme at 40℃; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity;	10 - 99 %Chromat.
Stage #1: glycolonitrile With sulfuric acid In water for 2191.5h; pH=3; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide pH=7; Stage #3: With water; microbial enzyme at 40℃; for 12h; Product distribution / selectivity;	99 %Chromat.
With nitrilase from Hoeflea phototrophica DFL-43; water In aq. phosphate buffer; dimethyl sulfoxide at 30℃; for 0.166667h; pH=8; Enzymatic reaction;

glycerol (56-81-5) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + glyceric acid (473-81-4) + dihydroxyacetone (96-26-4)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water at 60℃; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave; chemoselective reaction;	A 8.9% B 89.9% C 6.8%
With oxygen In water at 80℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 2h; pH=6.7; Reagent/catalyst; Autoclave;
With oxygen In water at 60℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Time; High pressure;	A 7.8 %Chromat. B 55.4 %Chromat. C 7.7 %Chromat.

benzyl glycolate (30379-58-9) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen Hydrogenolysis;	88%

3-(α,α,α-trifluoro-m-tolyl)-4-isothiazolecarboxylic acid (68210-96-8) + chloroacetic acid ethyl ester (105-39-5) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With sodium hydroxide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; chloroform; benzene	87%
With sodium hydroxide In N,N,N,N,N,N-hexamethylphosphoric triamide; chloroform; benzene	87%

POMP (7044-96-4) + carbon monoxide (201230-82-2) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave;	86%
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave;	86%
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Autoclave;	86%
With water; propionic acid at 140℃; under 52476.2 Torr; for 2h; Reagent/catalyst; Concentration; Autoclave;	86 %Chromat.

dihydroxyacetone (96-26-4) → formic acid (64-18-6) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide In neat (no solvent) at 25℃; for 24h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst;	A n/a B 86%
With oxygen; vanadia In water at 79.84℃; under 2250.23 Torr; for 1h; Autoclave;	A 14 %Chromat. B 13 %Chromat.

potassium chloroacetate (7748-25-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 150℃; for 5h;	85%

acetoxyacetic acid (13831-30-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With copper dichloride In methanol; water for 3h; Heating;	85%

N-nitrosoglycocholic acid (76757-85-2) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + cholic acid (81-25-4)

Conditions	Yield
With water at 37℃; Rate constant; Mechanism; pH 7.0 - 9.0;	A 85% B 50%

Cellobiose (13360-52-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + D-Fructose (57-48-7) + mannonic acid (642-99-9)

Conditions	Yield
With copper(II) oxide In water at 199.84℃; for 0.5h; Temperature; Inert atmosphere;	A n/a B n/a C 85%

Glycolaldehyde (141-46-8) → formic acid (64-18-6) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + Glyoxal (131543-46-9) + carbon dioxide (124-38-9) + acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With water; oxygen at 90℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 8h; Catalytic behavior; Mechanism; Temperature; Pressure; Time; Reagent/catalyst;	A 80.5% B 4.2% C 6.2% D 2.6% E 0.3%

C11H14N2O5S (85515-90-8) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With copper dichloride In methanol; water for 24h; Heating;	80%

glycerol (56-81-5) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1)

Conditions	Yield
With dihydrogen peroxide; zinc(II) oxide In water for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; UV-irradiation;	77%
With dihydrogen peroxide; yttrium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 12h;	16%
With dihydrogen peroxide

D-glucose (50-99-7) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + LACTIC ACID (849585-22-4)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 20h; Green chemistry;	A 23.3% B 76.7%

tartaric acid (87-69-4) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid (110-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water at 160℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 10h; Reagent/catalyst;	A 27% B 73%

glycerol (56-81-5) → formic acid (64-18-6) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With aluminium(III) triflate; dihydrogen peroxide In acetonitrile at 70℃; for 12h; Reagent/catalyst;	A 72% B 20% C 8%

D-glucose (50-99-7) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + LACTIC ACID (849585-22-4) + succinic acid (110-15-6)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water at 180℃; under 7600.51 Torr; for 20h; Temperature; Pressure; Reagent/catalyst; Green chemistry;	A 15.5% B 71% C 13.5%

Cellobiose (13360-52-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + gluconic acid (526-95-4) + succinic acid (110-15-6) + oxalic acid (144-62-7) + acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon nanotube supported gold nanoparticles (0.5 wt%); water; oxygen at 145℃; under 7500.75 Torr; for 3h;	A n/a B 70% C n/a D n/a E n/a

glycerol (56-81-5) → formic acid (64-18-6) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + Glyceraldehyde (56-82-6)

Conditions	Yield
With potassium hydroxide for 4h; Reagent/catalyst; Electrochemical reaction;	A 70% B 13% C 17%
With dihydrogen peroxide In water at 60℃; for 4h;

tartaric acid (87-69-4) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + LACTIC ACID (849585-22-4) + (2E)-but-2-enedioic acid (110-17-8)

Conditions	Yield
With oxygen In water at 160℃; under 13680.9 Torr; for 10h;	A 69% B 7% C 24%

Cellobiose (13360-52-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + D-glucose (50-99-7) + gluconic acid (526-95-4) + succinic acid (110-15-6) + oxalic acid (144-62-7) + acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With carbon nanotube supported gold nanoparticles (0.5 wt%); water; oxygen at 145℃; under 3750.38 Torr; for 3h;	A n/a B n/a C 68% D n/a E n/a F n/a

D-xylose (58-86-6) → glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + LACTIC ACID (849585-22-4)

Conditions	Yield
With water; Amberlite IRA400 at 50℃; for 2h; Product distribution / selectivity;	A n/a B 64%

glycerol (56-81-5) → 1,3-dioxolane-4-methanol (5464-28-8) + glycerol formal (4740-78-7) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + ethyl 2-hydroxyacetate (623-50-7) + diglycerol (627-82-7) + oxiranyl-methanol (556-52-5) + hydroxy-2-propanone (116-09-6) + acrolein (107-02-8)

Conditions	Yield
With pretreated aluminium vanadium phosphate In water at 280℃; under 760.051 Torr; Catalytic behavior; Activation energy; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature;	A n/a B n/a C n/a D n/a E n/a F n/a G n/a H 62%

...Expand

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 4-methyl-1,2-diaminobenzene (496-72-0) → (5-methyl-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)methanol (20034-02-0)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water for 3h; Reflux;	100%
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux;	83%
With phosphoric acid at 130℃; for 3h;	72%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + tert-butyldimethylsilyl chloride (18162-48-6) → (tert-butyldimethylsiloxy) acetic acid tert-butyldimethylsilyl ester (67226-76-0)

Conditions	Yield
With pyridine for 2h; Ambient temperature;	100%
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 10h; Ambient temperature;	97%
With 1H-imidazole In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 16h;	95%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + N-phenylsulfinylamine (222851-56-1) → glycolanilide (4746-61-6)

Conditions	Yield
at 25℃; for 8h;	100%
In acetonitrile at 20℃; Inert atmosphere;	53.6%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + N-(4-chloro-phenyl)-sulfur imide oxide (13165-68-9, 52867-11-5) → glycolic acid-(4-chloro-anilide) (21919-09-5)

Conditions	Yield
at 25℃; for 6h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + FR901469 hydrochloride → C73H118N14O25

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃;	100%

2,2′-bis(pyrazolyl)-ethylamine + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) → C10H13N5O2

Conditions	Yield
With O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-N,N,N',N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate; triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 4-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine (102-51-2) → (5-methoxy-1H-benzimidazole-2-yl)-methanol (20033-99-2)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogenchloride In water Reflux;	100%
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux;	51%
Stage #1: glycolic Acid; 4-methoxy-1,2-phenylenediamine With hydrogenchloride In water for 16h; Heating / reflux; Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide In water
With hydrogenchloride In water for 6h; Reflux;
With hydrogenchloride In water at 100℃; for 6h;

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + piperidine-4-carboxylic acid benzyl ester hydrochloride → benzyl 1-glycoloylpiperidine-4-carboxylate (945955-09-9)

Conditions	Yield
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 12h;	100%
With benzotriazol-1-ol; 1-ethyl-(3-(3-dimethylamino)propyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride; triethylamine In acetonitrile at 20℃; for 48h;	57%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + meloxicam (71125-38-7) → meloxicam glycolic acid (1174325-97-3)

Conditions	Yield
In chloroform for 0.5h;	100%
In tetrahydrofuran Product distribution / selectivity;

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-amine (78583-81-0) → N-(3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-hydroxyacetamide (1160285-30-2)

Conditions	Yield
In toluene at 110℃; for 48h; Inert atmosphere;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 4,6,4',6'-tetrachloro-2,2'-(3,6-dioxa-octane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis-[1,3,5]triazine (36394-85-1) → C16H16Cl2N6O10(2-)*2Na(1+)

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: glycolic Acid With sodium hydride In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃; for 2h; Stage #2: 4,6,4',6'-tetrachloro-2,2'-(3,6-dioxa-octane-1,8-diyldioxy)-bis-[1,3,5]triazine In DMF (N,N-dimethyl-formamide) at 0 - 20℃;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + (R)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine → 2-((3R)-3-{[6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-yl]amino} piperidin-1-yl)-2-oxoethanol

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: (R)-6-chloro-5-fluoro-2-(6-fluoroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl)-N-(piperidin-3-yl)pyrimidin-4-amine With triethylamine In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 0.5h; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With N-[(dimethylamino)-3-oxo-1H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-1-yl-methylene]-N-methylmethanaminium hexafluorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 4.5h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + C25H33NO9 → C23H31NO9

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: C25H33NO9 With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); N,N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine In chloroform at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + C47H58N2O14 → 1-allyl-2-glycolylamino-6-O-benzyl-4-O-(3’-O-benzyl-4’,6’-O-benzylidene-2’-deoxy-2’-ethylamino-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-2-deoxy-3-O-[(R)-1-(ethoxycarbonyl)ethyl]-α-D-glucopyranoside

Conditions	Yield
Stage #1: C47H58N2O14 With tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium(0); N,N-Dimethyltrimethylsilylamine In chloroform at 20℃; for 2h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: glycolic Acid With 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium chloride In tetrahydrofuran at 20℃; for 2h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 4-(benzyloxy)-5-chlorobenzene-1,2-diamine → N-(2-amino-4-(benzyloxy)-5-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamide

Conditions	Yield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; HATU In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 2h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-[1,3,2]dioxaborolan-2-yl)aniline (214360-73-3) → C14H20BNO4

Conditions	Yield
With N-ethyl-N,N-diisopropylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 36h;	100%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + tris(4-aza-2-hydroxydecyl)amine → tris(4-aza-2,6-dihydroxy-4-hexyl-5-oxohexyl)amine

Conditions	Yield
In 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene	99.7%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + H-Gpn-OH (60142-96-3) → C9H17NO2*C2H4O3

Conditions	Yield
In neat (no solvent) for 0.25h; Green chemistry;	99.3%

2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethanol (108-01-0) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) → N,N-dimethylethanolammonium glycolate (176158-74-0)

Conditions	Yield
In ethanol	99%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + ethanolamine (141-43-5) → (4,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl)methanol (22375-00-4)

Conditions	Yield
In xylene for 6h; Heating / reflux;	99%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + N-[4-(4-amino-7-piperidin-4-ylpyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl)-2-fluorophenyl]-N'-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (939965-82-9) → N-4-[4-amino-7-(1-glycoloylpiperidin-4-yl)pyrrolo[2,1-f][1,2,4]triazin-5-yl]-2-fluorophenyl-N'-[2-fluoro-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (939965-86-3)

Conditions	Yield
With 4-methyl-morpholine; (benzotriazo-1-yloxy)tris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate In N,N-dimethyl-formamide at 20℃; for 17h;	99%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + 3-chloro-aniline (108-42-9) → N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-hydroxyacetamide

Conditions	Yield
at 130℃; for 5h; Inert atmosphere;	99%

(morpholinomethyl)hydrosilane (5625-96-7) + glycolic Acid (79-14-1) → 5-(morpholin-4-iomethyl)-2,7-dioxo-1,4,6,9-tetraoxa-5-silaspiro[4,4]nonan-5-uide (1138348-24-9)

Conditions	Yield
In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 0.25h; Solvent;	99%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) + (R)-5-bromo-2-(3-methylpiperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine dihydrochloride → (R)-1-(4-(5-bromopyrimidin-2-yl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-2-hydroxyethanone

Conditions	Yield
With triethylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 1.5h;	99%
With triethylamine; HATU In N,N-dimethyl-formamide for 4h;	87%

glycolic Acid (79-14-1) → acetic acid (64-19-7)

Conditions	Yield
With hydrogen; propionic acid; sodium iodide at 220℃; under 20686.5 Torr; for 1h;	99%

Upstream product

• 124-38-9 CARBON DIOXIDE 
• 96-35-5 Methyl glycolate 
• 74-90-8 HYDROGEN CYANIDE 
• 143-33-9 Sodium cyanide 

Downstream Products

• 337508-58-4 1H-BENZIMIDAZOLE-2-CARBONYL CHLORIDE HYDROCHLORIDE 
• 2849-93-6 2-Benzimidazolecarboxylic acid 
• 79-11-8 Chloroacetic acid 
• 53164-05-9 Acemetacin 
• 96-35-5 Methyl glycolate 
• 87-51-4 Indole-3-acetic acid 
• 73250-68-7 Mefenacet 
• 13831-31-7 Acetoxyacetyl chloride 
• 15571-58-1 2-ethylhexyl 10-ethyl-4,4-dioctyl-7-oxo-8-oxa-3,5-dithia-4-stannatetradecanoate 
• 4856-97-7 1H-Benzimidazole-2-methanol