Borylcyanocuprate in a one-pot carboboration by a sequential reaction with an electron-deficient alkyne and an organic carbon electrophile

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/anie.201005667

A key reactive species, lithium borylcyanocuprate, was isolated and fully characterized in a one-pot carboboration of alkynes. The carboboration involves a boryllithium, CuCNa- LiCl, an ester-substituted alkyne, and an organic electrophile (see scheme). B

Full text of DOI:10.1002/anie.201005667

Communications
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005667
Borylcyanocuprates
Borylcyanocuprate in a One-Pot Carboboration by a Sequential
Reaction with an Electron-Deficient Alkyne and an Organic Carbon
Electrophile**
Yuri Okuno, Makoto Yamashita,* and Kyoko Nozaki*
The chemistry of borylcopper species has broadened since
2000 when they were first proposed as intermediates in a
reaction of bis(pinacolato)diborane(4) (B2pin2) with a copper
salt [Eq. (1)].[1] In the presence of B2pin2, nucleophilic
To date, three borylcopper species have been isolated. In
2005, Sadighi et al. synthesized the first borylcopper species
generated from a carbene-ligated copper alkoxide complex
and B2pin2 by a s-bond metathesis pathway.[3b,c] In 2007, we
reported syntheses of borylcopper species generated from an
anionic and nucleophilic boryl anion, via a boryllithium 2
[Eq. (2)],[10] and treatment with copper chloride resulting in a
nucleophilic borylation of Group 11 metal chloride.[11]
borylcopper species could catalyze many borylation reactions,
such as b-borylation of a,b-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
and imines,[1,2] nucleophilic borylation of polar double bonds,
[3]
=
=
such as C N and C O, SN2’ borylation of allylic and
propargylic substrates,[1b,2p,4] the diboration of styrene,[5] the
borylation of dienes,[6] and the borylation of aryl iodide.[7] In
these reactions, the reactive borylcopper species was usually
used without isolation.
Additions of borylcopper to alkynes were also reported. A
simple borylcupration of terminal alkynes took place with
in situ generated borylcopper.[1b,2p] Yun et al. reported the
borylcupration of alkoxycarbonyl alkynes and internal
alkynes and subsequent protonation with MeOH.[8] Boryl-
cupration of propargylic carbonate and subsequent b-oxygen
elimination was reported to construct an allenic skeleton.[4d]
Except for the reaction of propargylic carbonate, all other
borylcupration reactions of alkynes were limited to the
introduction of boron and hydrogen substituents onto the
Our method for a preparation of borylcopper species
differs from the typical one using copper alkoxide and
diborane(4) and is similar to the synthetic methods for
generating organocopper species,[12] from a copper salt and an
organolithium or organomagnesium reagent. Based on our
method, we could also make an anionic cuprate-type complex
3 with a formal negative charge on the copper center by
treating 2 with CuBr [Eq. (2)].[13]
Herein we report the synthesis and isolation of a
borylcyanocuprate 5 (see Scheme 2), its stoichiometric addi-
tion to ynoate by borylcupration, and subsequent reactions
with electrophiles to give a one-pot carboboration of
alkyne.[14]
Lithium borylbromocuprate 3, generated from a stock
solution of boryllithium 2 and CuBr, was allowed to react with
0.75 equivalent of diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DEAD)
followed by protonation with MeOH to give 4-syn (76%) and
anti-4 (6%) and no residual DEAD (Scheme 1). The
ꢀ
C C bond in a syn fashion. Thus, although b-borylalkenyl-
copper species were expected to exist as intermediates,
further subsequent reaction of the alkenyl copper species
with electrophiles has never been reported. This may be
attributed to the low reactivities of the borylalkenylcopper
species.[9]
À
formation of the C B bond and the stereochemistry of the
syn-4 were unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallog-
raphy.[15] The syn addition is fashion the same as that with
organocuprates, indicating an intermediate boryl-substituted
alkenylcuprate. Changing the copper source to CuCN·2LiCl
gave syn-4 and anti-4 in 65% and 28% yield, respectively.
Treating 2, generated in situ from 1, with CuCN allowed
crystals of lithium borylcyanocuprate 5 to be isolated in 60%
yield (Scheme 2). X-ray crystallographic analysis reveals a
[*] Y. Okuno, Dr. M. Yamashita, Prof. Dr. K. Nozaki
Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology
Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656 Tokyo (Japan)
Fax: (+81)3-5841-7263
E-mail: makotoy@chembio.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
nozaki@chembio.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
ꢀ
monomeric structure with a linear B-Cu-C N-Li linkage and
[**] This work was supported by Global COE Program (Chemistry
Innovation through Cooperation of Science and Engineering) and by
KAKENHI (21245023 and 21685006) from MEXT (Japan).
three THF molecules coordinating to the lithium atom
(Figure 1). This structural motif is similar to the reported
structure of an arylcyanocuprate derivative, [(2,6-
Mes2C6H2)Cu-CN-Li(thf)3] (6), which has large substituents
Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW
under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201005667.
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symmetry for the boryl moiety and free rotation about the
N1 Li1 bond. The 11B NMR spectra showed a broad reso-
À
nance signal at dB = 38.6 ppm which is close to those of other
borylcopper species.[3b,c,11,13] Comparison between the NMR
spectra of reaction mixture in [D8]THF and isolated crystals
of 5 allowed us to estimate the yield by NMR spectroscopy of
the reaction as 99% from bromoborane precursor 1. In the
negative mode of ESI-TOF mass spectrum of 5 the strongest
signal corresponded to an aggregated dinuclear species
[2(5ÀLi·3THF)ÀCNÀ]À.
Scheme 1. Reaction of in situ generated borylcopper species with
DEAD.
Trapping of a possible intermediate, b-borylalkenylcop-
per, which is generated from 5 and DEAD, was successfully
accomplished as described below. In situ generated 5 was
treated with DEAD, and then with benzoyl chloride or allyl
bromide at À788C or room temperature to give carbobora-
tion product (Table 1). At low temperature, reaction with
Table 1: Sequential reaction of 5 with DEAD (Z=CO2Et) and an
electrophile.
Scheme 2. Synthesis of borylcyanocuprate 5.
on the copper-bonded aryl group.[16] The B Cu bond length in
À
5 of 1.973(6) ꢀ was shorter than those of borylcopper
species.[3b,c,11,13] This shortening may come from an electron-
accepting character of the cyanide group. Relatively long
Entry
Electrophile
T [8C]
Products (yield[a] [%])
syn/anti
1
2
3
4
PhCOCl
PhCOCl
allylBr
À78
RT
syn-4 (48), anti-4 (32)
anti-7 (71)
syn-8 (93)
60/40
1/99>
99>/1
38/62
À
Cu C bond of 1.906(7) ꢀ in 5 compared to 6 (1.869(4) ꢀ)
reflects a strong donor ability of boryl ligand on the copper
À78
center.[11,17] On the contrary, C N length of 1.147(7) ꢀ in 5
allylBr
RT
syn-8 (36), anti-8 (60)
ꢀ
was close to that in 6 (1.159(5) ꢀ), indicating the boryl ligand
[a] Yield of isolated product based on DEAD.
1
mainly functions as a s donor, not a p donor. The H and
13C NMR spectra of 5 indicated its solution structure has D2h
benzoyl chloride afforded the protonated products syn-4 and
anti-4 in 48% and 32% yields (Table 1, entry 1), indicating
that the boryl-substituted alkenylcuprate intermediate did
not react with benzoyl chloride at À788C. Elevating the
temperature to room temperature afforded the anti-adduct,
anti-7, in 71% yield with a selectivity of syn/anti = 1/ > 99
(entry 2). Changing the electrophile to allyl bromide gave the
corresponding syn-adduct, syn-8, in 93% yield accompanied
with a trace amount of anti-adduct anti-8 (entry 3). In the
reaction with allyl bromide at room temperature, anti-8 was
obtained as the major product in 60% and syn-8 was given in
36% yield (entry 4). The stereochemistry of these products
was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray crystallography
(Figure 2 for anti-7 and Supporting Information for others).
The products can be considered as formally carboborated
products[13] of DEAD. It should be noted that MeOTf and
PhCHO were not suitable electrophiles for this reaction.
Trials for catalytic borylation reaction using boryllithium 2
with a catalytic amount of copper were unsuccessful to date.
Proposed mechanism was depicted in Scheme 3. Reaction
of lithium borylcyanocuprate 5 with DEAD led to a
formation of alkenylcuprate intermediate syn-9. Protonation
or reaction with allyl bromide at low temperature gave syn
adducts syn-4 or syn-8. Formation of anti-adducts anti-7 and
anti-8 can be explained by a reaction of organic electrophiles
with anti-alkenylcuprate anti-9 generated by an isomerization
Figure 1. ORTEP drawing of 5 with thermal ellipsoids set at 50%
probability (hydrogen atoms and minor disorder of the Dip moieties
and THF molecules omitted for clarity). Selected bond lengths [ꢀ] and
angles [8]: B1–Cu1 1.973(6), B1–N2 1.459(7), B1–N3 1.480(7), Cu1–C1
1.906(7), C1–N1 1.147(7), N1–Li1 2.01(2), Li1–O 1.92(2) (av.); N2-B1-
N3 99.7(4), B1-Cu1-C1 176.9(2), Cu1-C1-N1 177.7(6), C1-N1-Li1
174.7(8).
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Communications
0.193 mmol). The mixture was cooled at À358C, and precooled
THF (3.0 mL, À358C) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at
À358C for 12 h. After the solution was quickly filtered through a pad
of Celite at room temperature, a precooled solution of CuCN
(90.2 mg, 1.01 mmol) in THF (1.0 mL) at À358C was added to the
filtrate at À358C. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temper-
ature for 1 h. All volatiles were removed under reduced pressure, and
hexane (3 mL) was added to the mixture. The volatiles were
evaporated again to remove the THF completely. The residue was
extracted with hexane and the resulting suspension was filtered
through a pad of Celite to remove inorganic salts. The crude product
was recrystallized from hexane/THF (30/1) at À358C to give colorless
crystals (422 mg, 0.603 mmol, 60%) of 5. M.p. 142.1–144.98C
1
(decomp.); H NMR (C6D6, 500 MHz): d = 1.32–1.35 (m, 24H), 1.45
(d, J = 7 Hz, 12H), 3.36 (t, J = 7 Hz, 12H), 3.67(sept, J=7 Hz, 4H),
6.45 (s, 2H), 7.20 ppm (s, 6H); 13C NMR (C6D6, 100 MHz): d = 24.4
(CH3), 25.5 (CH3), 25.5 (CH2), 28.5 (CH2), 68.2 (CH2), 119.6 (CH),
122.9 (CH), 126.1 (CH), 144.8 (48), 146.9 (48), 157.3 ppm (CN);
11B NMR (C6D6, 160 MHz): d = 38.6 (br, s); 7Li NMR (C6D6,
Figure 2. ORTEP drawing of anti-7 with thermal ellipsoids set at 50%
probability (hydrogen atoms and minor disorder of the alkene moieties
is omitted for clarity).
194 MHz): d = À1.35 (s); IR (KBr): 2131 cmÀ1 (C N); HRMS-ESI
ꢀ
TOF (m/z): [2(5ÀLi·3THF)ÀCNÀ]À Calcd for C53H72B2Cu2N5,
926.4584, 928.4575; found, 926.4578, 928.4575.
Received: September 10, 2010
Revised: October 15, 2010
Published online: December 22, 2010
Keywords: boron · carboboration · conjugate addition · copper ·
.
stereoselectivity
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