Synthesis, crystal structure, and properties of a Cd(II) coordination polymer based on 2-((Benzoimidazol-yl)methyl)-1 H-tetrazole and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate ligands

Article abstract of DOI:10.1080/15533174.2011.609852

A new coordination polymer, [Cd(bimt)(bdc)]_n (1), has been synthesized through the self-assembly of Cd(NO₃)₂ with unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic ligand 2-((benzoimidazol-yl)methyl)-1H-tetrazole (bimt) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H₂bdc). Single-crystal X-ray diffraction determination shows that polymer 1 possesses an infinite 2-D layered structure with intersecting linear chains ...(Cd) ₂-(bimt)₂... and ...(Cd)₂-(bdc) ₂..., respectively. The adjacent layers are connected through the hydrogen bond resulting in a three-dimensional packing structure in solid state. In addition, the luminescent and the thermal properties have been investigated.

Full text of DOI:10.1080/15533174.2011.609852

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Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of a Cd(II)
Coordination Polymer Based on 2-((Benzoimidazol-
yl)methyl)-1H-Tetrazole and 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylate
Ligands
Huaixia Yang a , Yanzhi Wang a , Xinjuan Wu b & Xiangru Meng b
a Pharmacy College , Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Zhengzhou , P. R.
China
b Department of Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou , P. R. China
Published online: 23 Mar 2012.
To cite this article: Huaixia Yang , Yanzhi Wang , Xinjuan Wu & Xiangru Meng (2012) Synthesis, Crystal Structure,
and Properties of a Cd(II) Coordination Polymer Based on 2-((Benzoimidazol- yl)methyl)-1H-Tetrazole and 1,3-
Benzenedicarboxylate Ligands, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 42:2, 260-265,
DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.609852
To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15533174.2011.609852
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Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 42:260–265, 2012
Copyright ꢀ Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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ISSN: 1553-3174 print / 1553-3182 online
DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2011.609852
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of a Cd(II)
Coordination Polymer Based on 2-((Benzoimidazol-
yl)methyl)-1H-Tetrazole and 1,3-Benzenedicarboxylate
Ligands
Huaixia Yang,1 Yanzhi Wang,1 Xinjuan Wu,2 and Xiangru Meng2
1Pharmacy College, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
2Department of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, P. R. China
ligand 2-((benzoimidazol-yl)methyl)-1H-tetrazole (bimt) has
five potential nitrogen donors and flexible methylene group to
meet the requirement of coordination geometries of metal ions
in the assembly process. 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc)
has very strong coordination ability and can be widely used as
multidentate ligand to construct coordination polymers.[12,13]
In addition, Cd(II) cation is able to coordinate simultaneously
to both oxygen- and nitrogen-containing ligands and the final
products can exhibit promising luminescent properties.[14,15]
Based on the previous, we select bimt and H2bdc as lig-
ands and Cd(II) ion as the center. In this article, we report
a new two-dimensional (2-D) Cd(II) coordination polymer,
[Cd(bimt)(bdc)]n (1), constructed from N-heterocyclic ligand
and aromatic polycarboxylate acid and investigate the fluores-
cent and thermal properties.
A new coordination polymer, [Cd(bimt)(bdc)]n (1), has been
synthesized through the self-assembly of Cd(NO3)2 with unsym-
metrical N-heterocyclic ligand 2-((benzoimidazol-yl)methyl)-1H-
tetrazole (bimt) and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic acid (H2bdc). Single-
crystal X-ray diffraction determination shows that polymer 1 pos-
sesses an infinite 2-D layered structure with intersecting linear
chains ···(Cd)2-(bimt)2··· and ···(Cd)2-(bdc)2···, respectively. The
adjacent layers are connected through the hydrogen bond resulting
in a three-dimensional packing structure in solid state. In addition,
the luminescent and the thermal properties have been investigated.
Keywords coordination polymer, crystal structure, luminescent
property, thermal property
INTRODUCTION
In the recent years, the design and synthesis of coordination
polymers have gained considerable attention due to their
attractive structures and potential applications in catalysts,
chemical separations, fuel storage, sorptionmaterials, solid-
state electrolytes, and optical and magnetic components.[1–9]
Up to now, a variety of coordination polymers with novel
structure and superior functionality have been successfully
synthesized, but the rational control of the final structures is
still facing many challenges owing to various uncontrollable
factors dominating the formation process.[10,11] In principle, the
topology of coordination polymers is mainly affected by the
strong coordinative bonds between the metal ions and ligands.
Therefore, the correct choice of metal centers and the design of
the ligands play a decisive role. Unsymmetrical N-heterocyclic
H
N
N
COOH
N
N
N
N
COOH
H2bdc
bimt
SCH. 1. The ligands involved in coordination polymer 1.
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials and Methods
All of the chemicals are commercially available and used
without further purification. Elemental analyses were deter-
mined using FLASH EA 1112 elemental analyzer. IR data were
recorded on a Bruker TENSOR 27 spectrophotometer with KBr
pellets in the 400–4000 cm−1 region. Steady-state fluorescence
measurements were performed using a Fluoro Max-P spectroflu-
orometer at room temperature in the solid state. TG-DSC mea-
surements were performed by heating the sample from 30 to
Received 25 January 2011; accepted 29 July 2011.
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by the Sci-
ence and Technology Department of Henan Province (082102330003)
and the Education Department of He’nan Province (2009A150029).
Address correspondence to Xiangru Meng, Department of Chem-
istry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, P. R. China. E-mail:
mxr@zzu.edu.cn
260

A Cd(II) COORDINATION POLYMER
261
TABLE 1
water (10 mL) was placed in a 25 mL Teflon-lined stainless
steel vessel, and then the pH was adjusted to 7.0 by addition of
CH3ONa solution. The mixture was sealed and heated at 80◦C
for 3 days, and then the reaction system was cooled to room tem-
perature. Good colorless block crystals were obtained. Crystals
of 1 are stable in the air. Anal. Calcd. For C17H12CdN6O4:
C, 42.83; H, 2.54; N, 17.63. Found: C, 42.88; H, 2.53; N,
17.67%. IR (cm−1, KBr): 3152(w), 2959(w), 1604(s), 1555(s),
1475(m), 1443(m), 1377(s),1274(w), 1102(w), 741(s), 721 (m),
659(w).
Crystal data and structure refinement for polymer 1
Polymer
formula
fw
crystal system
space group
a (Å)
1
C17H12CdN6O4
476.73
Triclinic
P-1
8.2964(4)
9.6728(5)
11.1952(6)
79.015(4)
89.585(4)
85.206(4)
878.83(8)
2
b (Å)
c (Å)
α (◦)
β (◦)
γ (◦)
Crystal Structure Determination
V (Å3)
Z
The data were collected on a Oxford Xcalibur, Gemini,
Eos CCD diffractometer at 293(2) K with Cu-Kα radiation
(λ = 1.5418 Å) by ω scan mode. The program SAINT[17]
was used for integration of the diffraction profiles and a semi-
empirical absorption correction was applied using the SADABS
program.[18] Analytical numeric absorption correction using a
multifaceted crystal model based on expressions derived by
Clark and Reid was also applied.[19] The structure was solved by
direct methods using the SHELXS program of the SHELXTL
package and refined by full-matrix least-squares methods with
SHELXL.[20] Metal ions in the coordination polymer were lo-
cated from the E-maps, and the other non-H atoms were lo-
cated in successive difference Fourier syntheses and refined
with anisotropic thermal parameters on F2. Hydrogen atoms
were generated theoretically and refined with isotropic thermal
parameters riding on the parent atoms. Crystallographic data
and structural refinement details for the coordination polymer
are summarized in Table 1. Selected bond lengths and bond
angles are listed in Table 2.
Dc (Mg/m3)
µ/mm−1
1.802
10.307
Reflections collected / unique 5684 / 3154 [R(int) = 0.0000]
Data/restraints/parameters
3154 / 0 / 254
0.997
GOF on F2
Final R indices [I > 2sigma(I)] R1 = 0.0550, wR2 = 0.1438
R indices (all data)
R1 = 0.0595, wR2 = 0.1461
700◦C at a rate of 10◦C min−1 in air on a NETZSCH STA 409
PC differential thermal analyzer. Ligand 2-((benzoimidazol-
yl)methyl)-1H-tetrazole (bimt) was synthesized according to
the literature.[16]
Preparation of [Cd(bimt)(bdc)]n (1)
A mixture of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O (30.8 mg, 0.1 mmol), H2bdc
(33.2 mg, 0.2 mmol), bimt (20.0 mg, 0.1 mmol), and deionized
TABLE 2
Selected bond lengths (Å) and bond angles (◦) for polymer 1
Cd(1)-N(6)#1
Cd(1)-O(1)
Cd(1)-O(2)#3
2.282(4)
2.355(4)
2.427(4)
Cd(1)-O(3)#2
Cd(1)-N(1)
Cd(1)-O(4)#2
2.331(4)
2.417(4)
2.434(4)
Cd(1)-O(2)
2.577(4)
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-O(3)#2
O(3)#2-Cd(1)-O(1)
O(3)#2-Cd(1)-N(1)
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-O(2)#3
O(1)-Cd(1)-O(2)#3
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-O(4)#2
O(1)-Cd(1)-O(4)#2
O(2)#3-Cd(1)-O(4)#2
O(3)#2-Cd(1)-O(2)
N(1)-Cd(1)-O(2)
O(4)#2-Cd(1)-O(2)
95.38(15)
172.95(14)
99.72(16)
85.51(14)
93.51(14)
145.34(14)
118.95(14)
106.82(15)
120.25(14)
101.16(14)
74.41(13)
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-O(1)
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-N(1)
O(1)-Cd(1)-N(1)
O(3)#2-Cd(1)-O(2)#3
N(1)-Cd(1)-O(2)#3
O(3)#2-Cd(1)-O(4)#2
N(1)-Cd(1)-O(4)#2
N(6)#1-Cd(1)-O(2)
O(1)-Cd(1)-O(2)
91.64(15)
88.43(14)
81.08(16)
86.43(14)
171.75(13)
54.56(14)
81.31(16)
140.23(13)
52.89(13)
80.17(15)
O(2)#3-Cd(1)-O(2)
Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: #1 x + 1, y, z; #2 x, y – 1, z; #3 –x + 1, –y + 1, –z + 1.

262
H. YANG ET AL.
the Cd···Cd distance of 3.830 Å. Along the b-direction, the
dimers are further linked by the chelating/bridging carboxylates
leading to a linear chain ···(Cd)2-(bdc)2-(Cd)2-(bdc)2-(Cd)2-
(bdc)2-(Cd)2···. The intrachain Cd···Cd distance separated
by 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate group is 9.673 Å. Along the a-
direction, the dimers are connected by bimt ligands in which ni-
trogen atoms from benzoimidazole groups and tetrazoiate rings
coordinate to Cd(II) ions simultaneously, forming another lin-
ear chain ···(Cd)2-(bimt)2-(Cd)2-(bimt)2-(Cd)2-(bimt)2-(Cd)2
··· (Figure 3). The intrachain Cd···Cd distance separated by the
bimt ligand is 8.296 Å. The previous two kinds of linear chains
along the two directions are interconnected each other to finish
the two dimensional layered framework as depicted in Figure
4. In addition, there is N—H···N (between benzoimidazol and
tetrazole) hydrogen bond with the bond length of 2.991(6) Å
and bond angle of 159.2◦. The adjacent layers are linked through
this kind of hydrogen bond leading to the three-dimensional
packing structure in solid state (Figure 5).
In our previous article, we obtained a coordination poly-
mer formulated as {[Cd(bimt)(bdc)(H2O)]·2H2O}n through the
self-assembly of Cd(NO3)2·4H2O with bimt and H2bdc in
methanol/water solution at room temperature.[22] In that coordi-
nation polymer, each Cd(II) ion is coordinated by four oxygen
atoms belonging to one chelating and one monodentate car-
boxylate groups of two 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate groups, one
coordinated water molecule, and two nitrogen atoms from two
bimt ligands, forming a distorted [CdN2O4] coordination octa-
hedron. But the coordination environment of the central Cd(II),
the empirical formulae and the structure of coordination poly-
mer 1 are significant different from the previous product. Each
Cd(II) ion is coordinated by five oxygen atoms from three car-
boxylate groups and two nitrogen atoms from two bimt lig-
ands, leading to an extremely distorted pentagonal bipyramid.
The water molecules do not coordinate to Cd(II) although a
large quantity of water exists in the reaction system of 1. In
addition, the linear chains constituting the 2-D layered struc-
tures of the two polymers are different. The 2-D layered struc-
ture of polymer [Cd(bimt)(bdc)]n (1) is based on linear chains
···(Cd)2-(bdc)2···and ···(Cd)2-(bimt)2···, while the 2-D layered
structure of polymer {[Cd(bimt)(bdc)(H2O)]·2H2O}n is con-
structed from linear chains ···Cd-bimt··· and ···Cd-bdc···. This
can be attributed to the different synthetical conditions of the
two coordination polymers. It also indicates that the change of
FIG. 1. The coordination environment of the Cd(II) center in polymer 1 with
atom numbering scheme, showing 30% thermal ellipsoids. Hydrogen atoms are
omitted for clarity (color figure available online).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Description of Crystal Structure
Single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that coordination
polymer 1 crystallizes in the triclinic system with space group
P-1. As shown in Figure 1, all of the bimt ligands, bdc2− anions,
and Cd(II) ions are equivalent. Each Cd(II) ion is coordinated by
five oxygen atoms from three 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate groups
and two nitrogen atoms from two bimt ligands, leading to an
extremely distorted pentagonal bipyramid. The equatorial plane
(the mean deviations from plane is 0.2631 Å) is completed by
atoms O1, O2, O3B, O4B, N6A, and Cd1. The apical positions
are occupied by atoms N1 and O2A. The Cd-O bond lengths
are in the range of 2.331(4)–2.577(4) Å, and the Cd-N bond
distances are 2.282(4) and 2.417(4), respectively. These Cd-O
and Cd-N distances are in the normal range of those observed
in other Cd(II) coordination polymers.[21,22]
As shown in Figure 2, two Cd(II) ions are connected by
pairs of bridging carboxylates, yielding a binuclear unit with
FIG. 2. 1D chain constructed from Cd(II) ions and 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate groups (color figure available online).

A Cd(II) COORDINATION POLYMER
263
FIG. 3. One-dimensional chain constructed from Cd(II) ions and bimt ligands (color figure available online).
FIG. 4. The 2D layered structure of polymer 1 view from c-direction (color figure available online).

264
H. YANG ET AL.
tures of the coordination polymers can affect their fluorescence
emission features.
IR Spectroscopy
The IR spectra of polymer 1 show that the absorption band
at 3152 cm−1 originates from Ar-H stretching vibration. The
absorption bands at 2959 cm−1 comes from the CH2 stretching
vibration. In addition, the separations (ꢀ) between νa(COO)
and νs(COO) are different for the unidentate, chelating (biden-
tate), and bridging complexes. In polymer 1, the bidentate
ligand exhibits the νa(COO) and νs(COO) at 1555 and 1475
cm−1 (ꢀ = 80 cm−1), whereas the tridentate-bridging ligand
gives the νa(COO) and νs(COO) at 1604 and 1443 cm−1 (ꢀ =
161 cm−1). Therefore, the carboxylate groups in 1 coordinate
to the central metal ions with chelating and bridging modes.[26]
The stretching frequencies of the benzene rings largely overlap
those of the carboxylates. The absorption band at 1274 cm−1 is
due to the stretching vibrations of C–N. The absorption bands at
741 and 721 cm−1 are corresponding to characteristic stretching
vibrations of 1,2- and 1,3-substituted benzene rings. The above
analyses are confirmed by the results of the X-ray diffraction.
FIG. 5. The 3D structure of polymer 1 view from c-direction (color figure
available online).
the reaction conditions can influence the final structures of the
coordination polymers and thus influence their properties.
CONCLUSION
Thermogravimetric Analysis
Through the reaction of Cd(II) with unsymmetrical N-hetero
cyclic ligand 2-((benzoimidazol-yl)methyl)-1H-tetrazole (bimt)
and aromatic polycarboxylate acid 1,3-benzenedicarboxylic
acid (H2bdc) under hydrothermal condition, a new coordination
polymer [Cd(bimt)(bdc)]n (1) with different structure from the
reported coordination polymer {[Cd(bimt)(bdc)(H2O)]·2H2O}n
has been obtained. Further research indicates that the change
of preparing conditions can influence the coordination number
of the central Cd(II) ion, and thus influence the detailed
architectures of the polymers, and finally lead to the different
fluorescent properties.
The TG and DSC curves of coordination polymer 1 are de-
termined in the range of 30–700◦C in air. The TG curve of
the polymer shows that it is stable up to 295◦C and then loses
weight from 296 to 611◦C corresponding to the release of bimt
and the decomposition of the 1,3-benzenedicarboxylate groups.
Finally a plateau region is observed from 612 to 700◦C. A
brown residue of CdO (observed 27.64%, calculated 26.93%)
is remained. There are four exothermic peaks (333, 452, 566,
and 599◦C) and two endothermic peaks (470 and 591◦C) in the
DSC curve of 1.
Luminescent Property
Taking into account of the good luminescent property of the
reported coordination polymer {[Cd(bimt)(bdc)(H2O)]·2H2O}n
[22], the luminescent property of polymer 1 was investigated in
the solid state at room temperature. The results show that it
displays an intense emission band at about 439 nm when ex-
cited at 318 nm, while the free bimt ligand and H2bdc molecules
give emission bands at 302 nm (λex = 291 nm) and 355 nm
(λex = 280 nm), respectively. Obviously, the emission of poly-
mer 1 is not involved with contributions from the bimt lig-
and. In comparison with the band for uncoordinated H2bdc,
the emission spectra for polymer 1 shows bathochromic shift.
This indicates that the emission in this coordination polymer in-
cludes ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) character.[23–25]
In addition, bathochromic shift of the emission band is also
observed in polymer 1 compared with that of the reported poly-
mer {[Cd(bimt)(bdc)(H2O)]·2H2O}n (λex = 299 nm, λem = 352
nm). The interesting results indicate that the differences of the
coordination environment around the Cd(II) ions and the struc-
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