Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd: A novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of sulfides and oxidation reactions

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.002

A novel magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized with effective catalytic properties and recyclable ability. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst was identified using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopies, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis methods. The nanocatalyst was used for the synthesis of the one-pot C–S coupling synthesis of sulfide in the presence of KOH, S₈ as the sulfur source in DMSO as the solvent at 100 °C. Also, the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides in the presence of the catalyst was tested. The catalyst has unique properties such as ability of magnetic separation from the reaction, high repeatability, and high thermal and chemical stability.

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.002

Accepted Manuscript
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd: a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of
sulfides and oxidation reactions
Taiebeh Tamoradi, Nazanin Moeini, Mohammad Ghadermazi, Arash Ghorbani-
Choghamarani
PII:
S0277-5387(18)30389-9
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.002
POLY 13267
DOI:
Reference:
Polyhedron
To appear in:
Received Date:
Revised Date:
Accepted Date:
20 February 2018
10 June 2018
2 July 2018
Please cite this article as: T. Tamoradi, N. Moeini, M. Ghadermazi, A. Ghorbani-Choghamarani, Fe3O4- AMPD-
Pd: a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of sulfides and oxidation reactions, Polyhedron (2018),
doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.poly.2018.07.002
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Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd: a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of
sulfides and oxidation reactions
Taiebeh Tamoradi a, Nazanin Moeini a, Mohammad Ghadermazi,a, Arash Ghorbani-
Choghamaranib,*
a University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sanandaj, Iran
e-mail: mghadermazi@yahoo.com
b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box, 69315516, Ilam, Iran
e-mail: a.ghorbani@mail.ilam.ac.ir
A B S T R A C T
A novel magnetic nanoparticle was synthesized with effective catalytic properties and
recyclable ability. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst was identified using Fourier transform
infrared, scanning electron microscopies, X‐ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer,
inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis
methods. The nanocatalyst was used for the synthesis of the one-pot C–S coupling synthesis of
sulfide in the presence of KOH, S8 as the sulfur source in DMSO as the solvent at 100 ˚C. Also,
the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides and oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides in the
presence of the catalyst was tested. The catalyst has unique properties such as ability of magnetic
separation from the reaction, high repeatability, and high thermal and chemical stability.
Keywords: Pd, magnetic nanoparticle, sulfides, sulfoxides, disulfides

Address correspondence to University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Sanandaj, Iran.; e-mail: mghadermazi@yahoo.com (M. Ghadermazi). Ilam University, Faculty of
Science, Department of Chemistry, Ilam, Iran.; e-mail: a.ghorbani@mail.ilam.ac.ir

1. Introduction
Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts are two main types of catalysts. Homogeneous
catalysts have higher catalytic activities than heterogeneous catalysts as the catalysts and reactive
substances are in the same phase. In contrast, the recovery of most of heterogeneous catalysts is
much easier than homogeneous ones [1, 2]. In order to combine the advantages of homogeneous
and heterogeneous catalysts, nanoparticles (NPs) have recently emerged as great and useful
heterogeneous supports for the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts [3, 4]. However,
nanoparticles cannot be separated by conventional methods such as filtration. Their separation
from the reaction mixture requires special techniques, such as centrifuge, which is not
economically feasible [5]. Therefore, by using efficient magnetic nanoparticles, this problem can
be overcome because magnetic nanoparticles can be recovered in the presence of an external
magnetic field and subsequently reused, which is more effective than a centrifuge. MNPs can be
intermediate between homogeneous [6] and heterogeneous materials [7, 8]. They represent an
economical, practical and environmentally benign means for catalyst recovery [9]. Also,
magnetic nanoparticles can be functionalized by organic and organometallic catalysts [10]. Easy
preparation, large surface area ratio, facile recovery and recyclability by a magnet, and low
toxicity and price are the other advantages of magnetic nanoparticles [11]. In recent years, Fe3O4
magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been attracted a great attention as a heterogeneous catalyst
because of easy synthesis, simple handling, and ease of recovery with an external magnetic field,
high surface area, and eco-friendliness [12].
The selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides is useful for the synthesis of chemical and
biological medicine. They are useful in the activation of enzymes [13]. Antiulcer, antifungal,
antihypertensive, antibacterial and anti-atherosclerotic are other important biological roles of

sulfoxides that can be mentioned [14, 15]. Disulfides, as the product of oxidative coupling of
thiols, play interesting roles in biological and chemical fields such as DNA cleavage properties,
stabilization of peptides in proteins, protecting groups, vulcanizing agents, and oils for rubber
[16, 17].
The formation of the carbon-sulfur bond is one of the most important chemical reactions because
of its great applications in medicinal chemistry, organic synthesis and in materials sciences [18-
20]. Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with thiols are the most
common synthetic methods for the preparation of diaryl sulfides [21]. The main limitations of
the C–S coupling reactions consist of the direct use of highly volatile, foul smelling and toxic
thiols, which threatens health [22, 23]. Furthermore, there are reports of C-S coupling reactions
with several heterogeneous catalysts such as Cu-MPIOS, MCM-41-Adenine-Zr, PdNP–PNF,
SBA-15@Adenine-Pd, MCM 41@Serine@Cu(II), etc . But, above-mentioned catalysts have
complicated recovery process; therefore magnetic catalysts have been proposed as a primary
solution [24-28]. To overcome these disadvantages, recently, various sulfur sources have been
employed for converting aryl halides to aryl thioesters by transition metal catalysts such as nickel
or palladium nanoparticles [29-31]. S8 is commonly used for S-arylation among sulfur reagents
because it is low cost and odorless [32]. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of
Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst for one-pot odorless carbon-sulfur bond
formation in the presence of S8. Also, we use the nanoparticle as a catalyst for the oxidation of
sulfides and oxidative coupling of thiols in the presence of H2O2. Moreover, the catalyst
separation is done easily by an external magnet and the nanocatalyst can be reused for several
times without significant degradation in activity.
2. Experimental
2.1. General remarks
Chemical materials and solvents were purchased from Merck, Sigma-Aldrich and Fluka
companies and used without further purification. The FT-IR spectrum of the sample in KBr
pellets was recorded using a VERTEX 70 model BRUKER FT-IR spectrophotometer. The X-ray

powder diffraction (XRD) data were collected with Co Kα radiation (λ= 1.78897 Å) operating at
40 keV. The particle size and morphology were investigated by FESEM-TESCAN MIRA3. The
amount of Pd was measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-
OES). The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves were recorded by Shimadzu DTG-60
instrument. 1H NMR spectra were recorded on a Bruker AVANCE300 spectrometer operating at
400 MHz. Melting point was measured with an Electrothermal 9100 apparatus. The
supermagnetic properties of the catalyst were measured on a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer
(VSM) MDKFD.
2.2. Preparation of Catalyst
First step: Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method [33]. Second step: for
preparation Fe3O4-Cl, 1g of synthesized black precipitation and 1.5 mL of
3‐chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) were added to 20 mL of toluene under reflux
condition for 24 h. The synthesized of Fe3O4-Cl was separated by a magnetic separator and
washed with hexane and dried at 50 °C. Third step: for the functionalization of Fe3O4-Cl with 2-
amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD), 1g of the previous nanocomposition was dispersed in
toluene, then 3 mL trimethylamine and 0.21 g AMPD were added to the reaction vessel. The
mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 48 h. The nanoparticles were separated from the reaction
solution with an external magnet, and washed with deionized water and ethanol several times
and dried. In the last step, Fe3O4- AMPD nanoparticles was used as a ligand for anchoring to
palladium. In this process, 0.5 g of the nanocomposite and 0.25 g Pd(OAc)2 were added to 30
mL pure ethanol and was refluxed for 24 h. The resulting nanoparticles were separated by a
magnetic field. Then it was washed using ethanol and dried at room temperature.

2.3. General procedure for the oxidation of sulfides to the sulfoxides
To prepare the sulfoxide from the desired sulfide, 1 mmol of sulfide, 0.3 mL of hydrogen
peroxide 33% and 0.005 g of synthesized nanocatalyst were added to the test tube. The mixture
was stirred until the sulfoxide was produced. The reaction completion was monitored by thin
layer chromatography (TLC). The magnetic nanocatalyst was separated from the reaction by a
magnetic field, and then the reaction mixture was washed with EtOAc. After evaporation of the
excess solvent, the yields of the synthesized products were measured.
2.4. General procedure for the oxidative coupling of thiols to the disulfides
0.005 g Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd was added to a mixture including 1 mmol thiol, 0.4 mL H2O2 33% and
free solvent were stirred at room temperature. The reaction was followed by TLC after
completion. The nanocatalyst was isolated by a simple magnet.
2.5. General procedure for the synthesis of sulfides
For synthesis of sulfide, 1 mmol S8, 1mmol aryl halide, 0.4 g KOH, 0.06 g Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd
nanocatalyst in 2 mL DMSO solvent at 100 °C were stirred. The reaction was checked by TLC.
After ensuring the complete synthesis of sulfide, a few ethyl acetate was added to the mixture,
and then washed with H2O several times. At the last step, the magnetic nanoparticle was
separated from the mixture with a magnet. After evaporation of the organic solvent, sulfide
yields were calculated.
3. Results and discussion
Scheme 1 shows the preparation of a new magnetic nanoparticle catalyst.

Scheme 1. Preparation of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd nanoparticles.
3.1. Characterizations of the nanocatalyst
The pattern of XRD is shown in Fig. 1. The peaks at 2θ = 29.05°, 35.8°, 43.6°, 54.4°, 57.6° and
63.15° assigned to diffraction (200), (311), (400), (422), (511) and (440), respectively, which
make a concordance of the data of the magnetite. The peaks at 2θ = 39.85°, 46.85° and 68.15°
are indexed to the presence of palladium on a magnetic substrate [35].
Fig. 1. XRD pattern of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd MNPs

The average particle size and surface morphology of the magnetic nanoparticle were
investigated by TEM and are shown in Fig.2. Also, elements of synthesized nanoparticle were
identified by EDX spectrum which contained C, N, O, Si, Fe, and Pd. As shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 2. The TEM images of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd at different magnifications
Fig. 3. The EDX image Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd

In Fig. 4, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) curves of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd
nanocatalyst are shown. Weight loss in the range of 50 to 200 °C relates to the removal of water
and solvents on the surface of magnetic nanoparticles [36]. The observed weight loss (26%)
between 200 and 550 °C is due to thermal decomposition of the organic part stabilized on the
MNPs substrate.
Fig. 4. TGA curves of (a) Fe3O4 nanoparticles and (b) Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
FT-IR spectrums of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Fe3O4-Cl, Fe3O4-AMPD, and Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd are
shown in Fig. 5. The characteristic peak around 582 is related to Fe-O bonds in Fe3O4
nanoparticles [37, 38]. Hydrogen group on the surface of Fe3O4 is recorded at 3000-3500 cm-1.
The sharp peak at 1000-1100 cm-1 is assigned to Si-O stretching vibration. The peak about 1550-
1600 cm-1 is due to the N-H vibrations.

Fig. 5. FT-IR spectra for the (a) Fe3O4 nanoparticles, (b) Fe3O4- AMPD, (c) Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
The VSM curve of Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd shows their value of saturation magnetization to be 40.1
emu g−1 (Fig. 6). The saturation magnetization of the Fe3O4 nanoparticle is 73 emu g−1 which is
higher than Ms value of synthesized nanocatalyst. This confirms immobilization of organic layer
on the surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles [39, 40]. Based on the ICP analysis, the amount of
palladium loaded on Fe3O4-AMPD is computed (1.23 × 10− 3 mol/g).
Fig. 6. VSM curve of (a) Fe3O4 nanoparticles and (b) Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd

3.2. Catalytic activity
Herein, we examined the catalytic activity of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyst in the oxidation of
sulfides to sulfoxides using H2O2 (30%) as oxidant under neat conditions at room temperature
(Scheme 2). As shown in Table 1, the solvent-free condition in the presence of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
(0.005 gr) and H2O2 (0.3 mL) at room temperature was found to be ideal reaction conditions for
the conversion of methylphenylsulfide to the methylphenylsulfoxide.
O
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
S
S
R1
R2
R1
R2
Solvent-Free, H2O2, rt
2a-i
1a-i
Scheme 2. Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyzed the oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides.
Table 1
Optimization of oxidation of sulfides to the corresponding sulfoxides using Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
nanoparticles under various conditions.
Entry
Solvent
H2O2
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.4
Catalyst (mg)
Time (min)
Yield (%)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Acetonitrile
Ethanol
5
5
5
5
6
4
5
5
85
55
70
15
13
22
20
14
89
93
87
95
96
85
87
96
Ethyl acetate
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
a Isolated yields
As shown in Table 2, various sulfides including aromatic and aliphatic sulfides have been tested
using the optimum conditions and the products were obtained in good to excellent yields. In the

Scheme 3, possible reaction mechanism for the oxidation of sulfides is shown based on the
literature results [33, 34].
Table 2
Oxidation of sulfides to the sulfoxides in the presence of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
Entry
Substrate
Product
Time
(min)
5
Yield (%)a
M.p.(°C)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Tetrahydrothiophene
Dimethylsulfide
2a
2b
2c
2d
2e
2f
89
96
94
95
91
95
97
91
92
Oil [41]
Oil [41]
68 [41]
35
Dodecylmethylsulfide
Methylphenylsulfide
2-(Phenylthio)ethanol
Dipropylsulfide
45
20
Oil [40]
Oil [39]
Oil [41]
Oil [41]
123 [41]
115 [41]
30
40
Diethylsulfide
2g
2h
2i
35
Dibenzylsulfide
25
Benzylphenylsulfide
30
a Isolated yields

Scheme 3. Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyzed the oxidation of sulfides
As the second part of our organic study, we tested the catalytic activity of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd in
the synthesis of disulfide compounds using H2O2 as the oxidant at room temperature under
solvent-free conditions (Scheme 4). In order to choose the reaction conditions, we examined the
oxidation of benzyl mercaptan as a model compound in the presence of different amounts of the
catalyst in various solvents. It was found that the best results were obtained in the presence of
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd (0.005 g) and H2O2 (0.4 mL) at room temperature (Table 3).

R3
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
S
R3
SH
R3
S
Solvent.Free, H2O2, rt
3a-i
4a-i
Scheme 4. Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyzed the oxidative coupling of thiols into disulfides.
Table 3
Optimization of oxidative coupling of thiols using MCM-41-Adenine-Zr nanoparticles under
various conditions.
Entry
Solvent
H2O2
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.4
0.5
Catalyst (mg) Time (min)
Yield (%)a
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Acetonitrile
Ethanol
5
5
5
5
5
5
3
7
80
40
95
35
45
30
45
30
85
91
78
98
89
98
84
98
Ethyl acetate
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
Solvent-Free
a Isolated yields
In order to gain further insight into this process and with optimal conditions in hand, oxidation
reactions for a wide range of thiols with different functional groups were performed in the
presence of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd as catalyst under mild and completely heterogeneous conditions at
room temperature (Table 4). After reaction completion, the products were extracted by simple
filtration and prepared in the short reaction time and in good to excellent yields. Scheme 5
shows, a plausible mechanism for this process based on the literature results [33, 34].
Table 4
Oxidative coupling of thiols into disulfides using H2O2 in the presence of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd.
Entry
2
Substrate
Product
4b
Time
(min)
65
Yield (%)a
96
M.p. (°C)
40 [41]
4-Methylbenzenethiol

3
4c
35
98
56 [41]
benzyl mercaptanas
4
5
6
7
8
9
Naphthalene-2-thiol
2-Mercaptobenzoic acid
Benzo[d]thiazole-2-thiol
2-Mercaptoethanol
4d
4e
4f
30
40
15
30
55
60
97
89
94
98
89
93
135 [41]
276 [39]
169 [40]
Oil [39]
90-92 [40]
95 [39]
4g
4h
4i
4-Bromothiophenol
Benzo[d]oxazole-2-thiol
a Isolated yields
Scheme 5. Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyzed the oxidative coupling of thiols to disulfides.
We finally investigated the synthesis of sulfides derivative in good to excellent yields. It should
be mentioned that the sulfur was selected for the direct synthesis of organic sulfides from aryl

halides using Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd as catalyst (Scheme 6). Then, the reaction parameters such as
amount of the catalyst, nature of solvent and temperature were optimized for the synthesis of
sulfides. For this purpose, iodobenzene (1 mmol), S8 (1 mmol) as a sulfur source and KOH were
chosen for a model reaction. It was found that in the absence of a catalyst, the reaction does not
go well even after prolonged heating. It should be noted that the desired product is not obtained
in solvents such as H2O2, EtOH, and PEG‐400. But, it was found that in polar aprotic solvents
such as DMSO and (DMF), the reaction is highly effective. Additionally, the role of the types of
the base was evaluated and the desired product is obtained with 0.4 g of KOH. Also the
important role of the amount of catalyst was investigated in the synthesis of sulfides. As shown
in Table 5, we observed that the best results were obtained in presence Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyst
(0.06 g), 0.4 g KOH in DMSO (2 mL) at 100 ˚C. The results of this study are summarized in
Table 5.
X
S
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
+
S8
KOH
+
DMSO, 130ºC
X=I, Br, Cl
R
R
R
6a-j
5a-j
Scheme 6. Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyzed the synthesis of sulfides.
Table 5
Optimization of the reaction conditions for the C–S coupling using Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd catalyst
Entry
Solvent
Base
Temp. (˚C)
Catalyst (mg) Time (min)
Yield (%)a
1
2
4
5
7
8
9
DMF
PEG
EtOH
H2O
DMSO
DMSO
DMSO
KOH
KOH
KOH
KOH
KOH
KOH
KOH
100
100
100
100
130
100
80
60
60
60
60
60
60
60
130
130
130
130
130
130
130
58
N.R
N.R
N.R
81
79
61

10
11
12
13
14
15
DMSO
DMSO
DMSO
DMSO
DMSO
DMSO
KOH
KOH
KOH
NaOH
Na2CO3
Et3N
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
80
100
60
60
60
130
130
130
130
130
130
49
85
89
39
26
41
aIsolated yields
In order to generalize the scope of the reaction, C-S cross‐coupling reactions of S8 and aryl
halides catalyzed by Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd catalyst, a variety of aromatic halides were employed to
the synthesis of sulfides derivatives for the appropriate time in good to excellent yields (Table 6).
Table 6
Synthesis of symmetrical sulfides via reaction of sulfur and aryl halides using DMSO in the presence of
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
Entry Substrate
Product
Time (min)
Yield (%)a
M.p. (°C)
1
2
2-Methoxyiodobenzene
6a
6b
180
130
61
79
Oil [12]
Oil [12]
Iodobenzene
4-Bromonitrobenzene
Bromobenzene
3
4
6c
6d
6e
6f
6g
6h
6i
140
190
270
160
150
210
310
40
52
65
59
50
41
33
28
50
158-16 [12]
Oil [12]
5
Benzylbromide
44-46[12]
Oil [42]
6
4-Iodotoluene
7
4-Chloronitrobenzene
4-Bromotoluene
Chlorobenzene
160-162[43]
Oil[42]
8
9
Oil [12]
10
4-Iodonitrobenzene
6j
157-160[42]
a Isolated yields
The comparison of Fe3O4-AMPD-Pd nanocatalyst with other catalysts for oxidation of methyl
phenyl sulfide to methyl phenyl sulfoxide was done. The results are summarized in Table 7.
Table 7
Comparison of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd for oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide with previously
reported catalysts

Entry
1
Substrate
Catalyst
Time (min)
20
Yield (%) a
98
Ref.
Ph–SCH3
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd
This work
2
3
Ph–SCH3
Ph–SCH3
Cu-SPATB/Fe3O4
95
55
98
98
[44]
[33]
Fe3O4‐adenine‐Ni
a Isolated yields
The reusability of the heterogeneous nanocatalyst was examined in the C-S coupling reaction.
After the first use of nanocatalyst for the synthesis of sulfide from aryl halide in optimized
condition, the catalyst was separated by a magnet, washed and reused under similar conditions.
Also, the recyclability of Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd was investigated for the oxidation of sulfide and
thiols. The results show 8, 10, and 10 runs for the synthesis of sulfide, oxidation of sulfide and
thiol, respectively, without significant loss of their catalytic properties (Fig.7).
Fig. 7. Reuse of the nanocatalyst in the (a) oxidative coupling of thiols, (b) oxidation of sulfides and (c)
synthesis of sulfides

4. Conclusions
An effective and non-toxic catalyst has been prepared by anchored palladium complex onto the
surface of Fe3O4 nanoparticles via simple procedure and inexpensive materials.Then, the
prepared nanostructure was characterized by TGA, ICP-OES, FT-IR, EDX, XRD and SEM
techniques.Also, the catalytic activity of this nanostructured was investigated in the synthesis of
sulfide and the oxidation reactions. More importantly, excellent yields, easy preparation, short
reaction time, cheapness, easy magnetic separation, eco-friendliness, and chemical stability are
outstanding benefits of this protocol.
Acknowledgments
Authors thank the research facilities of University of Kurdistan and Erfan Ghadermazi from
Tehran University for financial support of this research project.
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Graphical abstract
Fe3O4- AMPD-Pd: a novel and efficient magnetic nanocatalyst for synthesis of
sulfides and oxidation reactions
Taiebeh Tamoradi a, Nazanin Moeini a, Mohammad Ghadermazi,a, Arash Ghorbani-
Choghamaranib,*
a University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sanandaj, Iran
e-mail: mghadermazi@yahoo.com
b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ilam University, P.O. Box, 69315516, Ilam, Iran
e-mail: a.ghorbani@ ilam.ac.iR

Address correspondence to University of Kurdistan, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Sanandaj, Iran.; e-mail: mghadermazi@yahoo.com (M. Ghadermazi). Ilam University, Faculty of
Science, Department of Chemistry, Ilam, Iran.; e-mail: a.ghorbani@mail.ilam.ac.ir
Graphical Abstract - Synopsis
The present work describes the synthesis of novel magnetic nanoparticle with effective
catalytic properties and recyclable ability. This heterogeneous nanocatalyst was identified by FT-
IR, SEM, TEM, EDX, ICP-OES, XRD, TGA and VSM. The nanocatalyst was used for synthesis
of sulfides and oxidation reactions. The catalyst has unique properties such as Use of green
medium, easy separation, excellent reusability of the nanocatalyst.