The ultrasound promoted Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01789-4

Application of ultrasound has been found to greatly assist the Knoevenagel aldol condensation reaction of activated methylenes with aromatic aldehydes under mild conditions. The outcome of the ultrasound-promoted reaction depends upon the electronic nature of the aromatic aldehyde, the solvent employed and the addition of acids, bases or ammonium salts.