Solvothermal preparation of Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2 for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon pesticide under visible light irradiation

Article abstract of DOI:10.1039/c6ra19478h

The growing use of organophosphorus compounds such as paraoxon as agriculture pesticides results in their accumulation in soils and groundwater. Therefore there is a high demand for developing efficient methods for removing these materials from contaminated environmental resources. In this study, Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO₂ with various contents of Ag and graphene was prepared via a facile surfactant free solvothermal method in a mixture of water and ethanol solvents and was applied, for the first time, for the photocatalytic degradation of paraoxon (as a model organophosphorus compound) under visible light irradiation. In this ternary nanocomposite, the presence of Ag nanoparticles is for narrowing the band gap to the visible region due to its surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect and the presence of graphene is for diminishing the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron and holes due to its high electrical conductivity. The results of photocatalytic activity tests demonstrate that the nanocomposite with 6% wt Ag and 1% wt graphene content has the best photocatalytic activity among the products. Investigation of the chemical state of the nanocomposites showed that the covering of Ag nanoparticle loaded TiO₂ with a high weight ratio of graphene resulted in the formation of Ag-O bonds through bonding of Ag to the oxygen functional groups of graphene which causes a decrease of the SPR effect of Ag and by this way decreases the photocatalytic activity. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used as analytical tool for determination of the photocatalytic reaction intermediates. GC-MS analysis results show that photodegradation of paraoxon produces 4-nitrophenol, di-ethylphosphate, mono-ethylphosphate, hydroquinone and hydroxyhydroquinone as major intermediates and subsequent photodegradation of these results in complete mineralization of paraoxon.

Full text of DOI:10.1039/c6ra19478h

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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n ï

RSC Advances
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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Page 5 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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ÇZ]• i}µŒvꢀo ]• ž ÇZꢁ w}Çꢀo {}ꢂ]ꢁšÇ }( /Zꢁu]•šŒÇ îìíò
w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n ñ

RSC Advances
Page 6 of 16
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
!wÇL/[9
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
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ò n w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ
ÇZ]• i}µŒvꢀo ]• ž ÇZꢁ w}Çꢀo {}ꢂ]ꢁšÇ }( /Zꢁu]•šŒÇ îìíò

Page 7 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
!wÇL/[9
C]PX ó /}u‰ꢀŒ]•}v šZꢁ t[ •‰ꢁꢂšŒꢀ }( šZꢁ ꢃ]((ꢁŒꢁvš ‰Z}š}ꢂꢀšꢀoÇ•š ꢀš „ꢁÆA ïìì vuX
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ÇZ]• i}µŒvꢀo ]• ž ÇZꢁ w}Çꢀo {}ꢂ]ꢁšÇ }( /Zꢁu]•šŒÇ îìíò
w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n ó

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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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Page 9 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
!wÇL/[9
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w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n õ

RSC Advances
Page 10 of 16
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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Page 11 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n íí

RSC Advances
Page 12 of 16
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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ÇZ]• i}µŒvꢀo ]• ž ÇZꢁ w}Çꢀo {}ꢂ]ꢁšÇ }( /Zꢁu]•šŒÇ îìíò

Page 13 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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w{/X !ꢀÀXU îìíòU ŽŽŽU ŽŽŽ n íï

RSC Advances
Page 14 of 16
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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Page 15 of 16
w{/ !ꢀÀꢁvꢂꢃ•
RSC Advances
View Article Online
DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
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DOI: 10.1039/C6RA19478H
Table of contents
Efficient photodegradation and mineralization of Paraoxon pesticide by Ag nanoparticle and graphene co-loaded TiO2
photocatalyst under visible light irradiation.