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Green Chemistry
Page 6 of 7
ARTICLE
Journal Name
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acid (50 wt% aqueous solution), and furfuralcohol (98%) were
offered by Alfa Aesar. TiO2 (P-25), xylose (99%), and ethanol (99.5%)
were purchased from Acros. All chemicals were used without
further purification. Double distilled water was used throughout the
experiments.
Chem. Rev., 2015, 115, 11559-11624.
DOI: 10.1039/C6GC03022J
J. S. Luterbacher, J. M. Rand, D. M. Alonso, J. Han, J. T.
Youngquist, C. T. Maravelias, B. F. Pfleger and J. A. Dumesic,
Science, 2014, 343, 277-280.
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S. H. Zhu, Y. F. Xue, J. Guo, Y. L. Chen, J. G. Wang and W. B.
Fan, ACS Catal., 2016, 6, 2035-2042.
B. W. Zhou, J. L. Song, H. C. Zhou, T. B. Wu and B. X. Han,
Preparation of Au/TiO2 and Au/ZrO2
Chem. Sci., 2016, 7, 463-468.
We described the preparation of Au/TiO2 because the procedure for
fabricating Au/ZrO2 were nearly the same, and the major difference
was that different supports were employed. In a typical experiment,
0.5 g of TiO2 powder was dispersed in an aqueous solution of
HAuCl4 with a desired concentration. 4.25 mL of lysine (0.5 mol/L)
was subsequently added to the mixture under vigorous stirring in
10 min. After stirred for 1 h, 10 mL aqueous solution of NaBH4
(0.0265 g) was then added into the dispersion in 10 min by
dropwise. Then, the mixture was stirred for 24 h. Finally, the solid
was collected, washed with distilled water and ethanol, and then
dried at 60 oC for 12 h under vacuum.
J. Albert and P. Wasserscheid, Green Chem., 2015, 17, 5164-
5171.
J. L. Gong and C. B. Mullins, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130
,
16458-16459.
H. D. Zhang, N. Li, X. J. Pan, S. B. Wu and J. Xie, Green Chem.,
2016, 18, 2308-2312.
M. G. Manas, J. Campos, L. S. Sharninghausen, E. Lin and R. H.
Grabtree, Green Chem., 2015, 17, 594-600.
Z. W. Jiang, Z. R. Zhang, J. L. Song, Q. L. Meng, H. C. Zhou, Z.
H. He and B. X. Han, ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng., 2016, 4,
305-311.
10 M. Bellardita, E. I. Gracia-Lopez, G. Marci, B. Megna, F. R.
Pomilla and L. Palmisano, RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 59037-59047.
11 S. Yurdakal, G. Palmisano, V. Loddo, V. Augugliaro and L.
Palmisano, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130, 1568-1569.
12 V. Augugliaro, T. Caronna, V. Loddo, G. Marci, G. Palmisano,
L. Palmisano and S. Yurdakal, Chem. Eur. J., 2008, 14, 4640-
4646.
Characterization of the catalysts
The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of the catalysts
were recorded on a TEM JEOL-1011 with an accelerating voltage of
120 kV. The sample was dispersed in ethanol by sonication and
dropped on an amorphous carbon film supported on a copper grid
for the TEM analysis. The contents of gold in the catalysts were
determined by ICP-AES method (VISTA-MPX). The X-ray
photoelectron spectra (XPS) analysis of the catalysts was recorded
on an ESCALab220i-XL. The electron spin resonance analysis was
conducted on a Bruker E500.
13 G. Zhang, C. S. Ni, X. B. Huang, A. Welgamage, L. A. Lawton, P.
K. J. Robertson and J. T. S. Irvine, Chem. Commun., 2016, 52
1673-1676.
,
14 C. L. Wang and D. Astruc, Chem. Soc. Rev., 2014, 43, 7188-
7216.
15 J. L. Long, H. J. Chang, Q. Gu, J. Xu, L. Z. Fan, S. C. Wang, Y. G.
Zhou, W. Wei, L. Huang, X. X. Wang, P. Liu and W. Huang,
Energy Environ. Sci., 2014, 7, 973-977.
16 (a) J. Thomas and M. Yoon, Appl. Catal. B., 2012, 111-112,
502-508; (b) D. He, X. Jiao, P. Jiang, J. Wang and B.-Q. Xu,
Green Chem., 2012, 14, 111-116; (c) S. Zhu, S. Liang, Q. Gu, L.
Xie, J. Wang, Z. Ding and P. Liu, Appl. Catal. B., 2012, 119-120,
146-155.
Photocatalytic reactions
The photocatalyatic reactions were performed in a cylindrical
stainless-steel reactor of 10 mL. There was a quartz window at the
top of the reactor for the light illumination. In a typical experiment,
1 mL of water, desired amount of photocatalyst, additives, and
substrates were added into the reactor. The reactor was connected
to the atmospheric air and then irradiated by a xenon lamp for a
desired reaction time, and the irradiated area was 2 cm2. The
reaction mixtures were analyzed by HPLC with a Shimadzu LC-20AT
pump, a Shimadzu UV-Vis SPD-20A detector and a Shimadzu RID-
17 A. Tanaka, K. Hashimoto and H. Kominami, J. Am. Chem. Soc.,
2012, 134, 14526-14533.
18 (a) D. Tsukamoto, Y. Shiraishi, Y. Sugano, S. Ichikawa, S.
Tanaka and T. Hirai, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2012, 134, 6309-6315;
(b) M. Chen and W. Goodman, Acc. Chem. Res., 2006, 39
739-746.
,
19 X. Chen, H. Y. Zhu, J. C. Zhao, Z. T. Zheng and X. P. Gao,
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 5353-5356.
20 Y. Y. Gorbanev, S. Kegnaes, C. W. Hanning, T. W. Hansen and
o
A. Riisager, ACS Catal., 2012, 2, 604-612.
10A detector, and a Benson BP-800 H+ column at 55 C. 5 mmol/L
21 C. H. Christensen, B. Jorgensen, J. Rass-Hansen, K. Egeblad, R.
Madsen, S. K. Klitgaard, S. M. Hansen, M. R. Hansen, H. C.
aqueous solution of H2SO4 was used as the mobile phase at a flow
rate of 0.6 mL/min. The chemicals in the reaction mixture were
identified by LC-MS (LCMS-2010, Shimadzu) as well as by comparing
retention time to the respective standards in the HPLC traces.
Andersen and A. Riisager, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2006, 45
4648-4651.
,
22 L. Q. Liu, S. X. Ouyang and J. H. Ye, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.,
2013, 52, 6689-6693.
23 K. Yamada, K. Miyajima and F. Mafune, J. Phys. Chem. C,
2007, 111, 11246-11251.
24 J. Q. Yan, G. J. Wu, N. J. Guan and L. D. Li, Chem. Commun.,
2013, 49, 11767-11769.
25 G. J. ten Brink, I. W. C. E. Arends and R. A. Sheldon, Science,
2000, 287, 1636-1639.
26 J. L. Wang, R. A. Ando and P. H. C. Camargo, Angew. Chem.
Int. Ed., 2015, 54, 6909-6912.
Acknowledgements
We wish to thank the financial supports from the National
Natural Science Foundation of China (Project No. 21673249,
21603236, 21133009), and Chinese Academy of Sciences
(QYZDY-SSW-SLH013).
27 J. C. Serrano-Ruiz, R. Luque and A. Sepulveda-Escribano,
Chem. Soc. Rev., 2011, 40, 5266-5281.
28 A. V. Puga, A. Forneli, H. Garcia and A. Corma, Adv. Funct.
Mater., 2014, 24, 241-248.
References
6 | J. Name., 2012, 00, 1-3
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