Ag2O nanoparticles decorated hierarchical Bi2MoO6microspheres for efficient visible light photocatalysts

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.338

Nanosized Ag₂O decorated Bi₂MoO₆hierarchical microspheres were successfully prepared and evaluated as efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the formation of the Ag₂O and Bi₂MoO₆composites while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX) results revealed the relatively uniform deposition of Ag₂O nanoparticles on the surface of Bi₂MoO₆microspheres. The visible light photocatalytic activity of the composites was studied by photodegradation of methyl orange (MO) and the composite with Ag to Bi ratio of 1: 1 shows the highest activity due to the effective separation of photocarriers. The photocatalytic mechanism study indicates photogenerated holes play a key role for the dye degradation.

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.338

Accepted Manuscript
Ag O nanoparticles decorated hierarchical Bi MoO microspheres for efficient visible
2
2
6
light photocatalysts
Bo Geng, Bo Wei, Hong Gao, Lingling Xu
PII:
S0925-8388(16)34267-0
DOI:
10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.338
JALCOM 40261
Reference:
To appear in: Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Received Date: 29 September 2016
Revised Date: 13 December 2016
Accepted Date: 26 December 2016
Please cite this article as: B. Geng, B. Wei, H. Gao, L. Xu, Ag O nanoparticles decorated hierarchical
2
Bi MoO microspheres for efficient visible light photocatalysts, Journal of Alloys and Compounds
2
6
(2017), doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.338.
This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to
our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo
copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please
note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all
legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Ag O Nanoparticles Decorated Hierarchical Bi MoO Microspheres for Efficient
2
2
6
Visible Light Photocatalysts
a
b
a
a
Bo Geng, Bo Wei, * Hong Gao, and Lingling Xu *
a
Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electric Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, School of
b
Physics and Electronic Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, 150025, China. Department
of Physics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
Corresponding authors
ꢀxulingling_hit@163.comꢁbowei@hit.edu.cn
Abstract
Nanosized Ag O decorated Bi MoO hierarchical microspheres were successfully
2
2
6
prepared and evaluated as efficient visible-light-responsive photocatalysts. X-ray
diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed that the formation of the Ag O and Bi MoO
2
2
6
composites while scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray
spectrometer (EDX) results revealed the relatively uniform deposition of Ag O
2
nanoparticles on the surface of Bi MoO microspheres. The visible light
2
6
photocatalytic activity of the composites was studied by photodegradation of methyl
orange (MO) and the composite with Ag to Bi ratio of 1 : 1 shows the highest activity
due to the effective separation of photocarriers. The photocatalytic mechanism study
indicates photogenerated holes play a key role for the dye degradation.
Keywords: Photocatalyst; semiconductor composite; photodegradation; Bi MoO
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
1
. Introduction
Semiconductor photocatalysts have attracted increasing attention for their
potential applications in environmental remediation and energy conversion.[1-3]
Bismuth-containing materials have been extensively studied as efficient
photocatalysts
due
to
their
good
chemical
stability
and
high
visible-light-responsibility.[2,3] Layered Bi MoO is a n-type narrow band gap
2
6
semiconductor ( 2.5~2.8 eV ) which can utilize the visible light irradiation and would
be a good candidate as photocatalysts.[4-5] Bi MoO is characterized by alternative
2
6
2
+
2+
perovskite (MoO4) slaps and stacking of (Bi O ) layers, which facilitates the
2
2
effective separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, resulting in high
photocatalytic activity.[3]
Bi MoO can degrade organic compounds under visible-light irradiation.[6]
2
6
However, the photocatalytic efficiency of single Bi MoO is still low, because of the
2
6
rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes. To improve the
photocatalytic activity of Bi MoO , some efforts have been made, such as rare earth
2
6
elements doping, morphology control and formation of heterostructures.[7-11] It is
well-known that the performance of photocatalysts is largely dependent on
morphology, which can be obtained via controlled synthesis process. [12] Many kinds
of Bi MoO microstructures including nanofiber/wires, nanoplates, spheres and
2
6
hierarchical architectures have been reported[13-16], among which 3D hierarchical
structures exhibit the superior properties of dye absorption and light absorption via
reflection.[16] Bi MoO based spheres have been reported with high photocatalytic
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
activity, such as Bi MoO , Bi MoO /TiO and Bi O /Bi MoO [17-19], which were
2
6
2
6
2
2
3
2
6
synthesized using hydrothermal, solvothermal or electrochemical methods. Rational
design of heterostructures is another effective way to enhance the activity. Ag O is a
2
p-type semiconductor with a narrow band gap about 1.46 eV. [20] Ag O/TiO and
2
2
Bi O /Ag O have been reported with improved activity in the decomposition of
2
3
2
methyl orange (MO), [7,21,22] due to the inhibition of the recombination of
photogenerated electrons and holes. In this study, the Ag O/Bi MoO p-n
2
2
6
heterojunction photocatalysts were synthesized through a chemical precipitation
method using hierarchical Bi MoO microspheres precursor. The composite with
2
6
narrowed band gaps can inhibit the recombination of photogenerated electrons and
holes, and exhibited higher photocatalytic activity. The relationship between the Ag O
2
loading and the photocatalytic activity was studied and the possible enhanced
mechanism was discussed also.
2
2
. Experimental section
.1 Preparation of the Bi MoO6
2
The hierarchical Bi MoO hollow spheres were prepared according to the following
2
6
procedure. Briefly, Bi(NO ) ·5H O (1.6866 g) and Na MoO ·2H O (0.4210 g) were
3
3
2
2
4
2
dissolved separately in ethylene glycol (5 mL) under magnetic stirring to obtain the
clarified solution. Then the two solution was mixed and added into ethyl alcohol (20
mL) with continuous stirring for 10 min. The mixture was poured in a 50mL
o
Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave and heated up to 160 C for 20 h. After cooling
down to the room temperature, the Bi MoO precipitates were washed and dried at 60
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
o
C.
2
.2 Preparation of the Ag O/Bi MoO composite photocatalysts
2
2
6
+
3+
Taking the ion ratio (Ag : Bi ) of 1 : 1 for example, 0.3048 g of Bi MoO hollow
2
6
spheres and 1 g of PEG-8000 were dissolved in 50 mL water and stirred for 5 min.
Then 0.16987 g of AgNO (≥99.8%) was added into the suspension with vigorous
3
stirring for 10 min, and the pH value was adjusted to 12 by dropwise addition of
NaOH (4 M) with vigorous stirring for 15 min. The resulting powder with black color
o
was filtered and washed several times with deionized water and finally dried at 60 C
for 2 h. Similarly, pure Ag O nanoparticles were synthesized by the same procedure
2
+
3+
without Bi MoO . Other composite photocatalysts with Ag : Bi = 1 : 2, 2 : 1 and
2
6
3
0
2
: 1 were prepared by controlling the amount of AgNO (0.08493, 0.33974 and
3
.50961 g).
.3 Characterization
X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement was carried out by a Rigaku-D/max 2500
diffractometer with Cu-K
α radiation (λ = 0.15418 nm) for phase identification. The
morphology, particle size and chemical composition of the product were examined by
a scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S-4800) equipped with an energy
dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). The optical properties of the composites were
determined by the UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (Cary 500 UV-vis-NIR
spectrophotometer) over the wavelength range of 200 nm to 700 nm.
2
.4 Photocatalytic activity evaluation
In a typical experiment, 0.02 g of Ag O/Bi MoO composite was dispersed into 60
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
mL aqueous solution (0.005 g/L) stirred for 40 min in the darkness in order to reach
an adsorption−desorption equilibrium between photocatalysts and the organic dye.
Then the solution was exposed to visible light irradiation under vigorous stirring. A
3
00W Xe lamp (λ>400 nm) was used as the light source with a distance of 10 cm
from the suspension. At a given time interval, 4 mL of suspension was taken and
immediately centrifuged at 10000 rpm for 15 min. Then the concentration of MO
solution without catalyst was determined by the absorption spectra at 446 nm using a
specterometer (Perkin-Elmer Lambda-35 UV-vis spectrometer).
3
3
.Results and discussion
.1 Structure and morphology
The XRD patterns of the Bi MoO and Ag O/Bi MoO composites are shown in
2
6
2
2
6
Fig. 1. As for pristine Bi MoO , the as-prepared powder is phase-pure orthorhombic
2
6
structure, which is coincident with the standard JCPDS cards no. 84-787. After the
o
o
introduction of Ag O, small peaks at ~33 and 38 become detectable and the
2
newly-formed peaks can be perfectly indexed as Ag O phase (JCPDS cards no.
2
+
3
-796). With the increasing of Ag content, the diffraction peaks of Ag O become
2
much more stronger, indicating the increasing of Ag O deposition on Bi MoO
6
2
2
surface.
The morphology of the Bi MoO and Ag O/Bi MoO composites are shown in
2
6
2
2
6
Fig. S1. The pure Bi MoO in Fig. S1a exhibits a hierarchical sphere superstructure
2
6
composed of many interleaving nanoflakes. For the Ag O/Bi MoO composite, the
2
2
6
spherical morphology was kept and lots of Ag O nanoparticles are sparsely deposited
2

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
on the surface of Bi MoO , as shown in Fig. S1b. In order to investigate the detailed
2
6
surface composition, Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) was taken for energy dispersive X-ray
2
2
6
spectroscopy (EDX), as shown in Fig. 2. The EDX-mappings demonstrate that Ag
element is relatively uniformly distributed on the sphere, which also indicates the
even deposition of Ag O on Bi MoO sphere, in spite of several large Ag O
2
2
6
2
nanoparticles.
.2 Optical absorption property
The optical absorption properties are studied by the UV-vis DRS and typical
absorption spectra are shown in Fig. 3. Obviously, Bi MoO microspheres exhibit a
3
2
6
sharp absorption edge located at about 423 nm. As for pure Ag O, a strong absorption
2
band from the UV to visible light was observed. In comparison to Bi MoO
2
6
microspheres, the absorption of Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) presents a slightly red-shifts at
2
2
6
~518 nm, revealing the absorption ability was greatly enhanced by the introduction of
Ag O nanophase.
2
The band gap energy (E ) of the composite plays a significant role in determining
g
the photocatalytic performance. From the absorption spectra, the E of sample can be
g
n
determined by the formula of
α
hv = A(hv − Eg ) , where
α
is absorption coeffcient,
v
is light frequency, A is proportionality constant [23]. E values of the pure
g
Bi MoO and Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composites are estimated as 2.78 and 1.94 eV,
2
6
2
2
6
respectively. [24] The Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composites with a wide optical-response
2
2
6
range are expected to show a better photocatalytic property than that of the Bi MoO .
2
6
3
.3 Photocatalytic activity and the recycling performance

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
The photocatalytic activities of the Ag O/Bi MoO composites with different ion
2
2
6
ratios were estimated via photodegradation of MO under visible light irradiation
Fig.4). Bi MoO , Ag O and Ag O/Bi MoO composites were all examined for
(
2
6
2
2
2
6
comparison under the same testing condition. It can be seen that both Ag O and
2
Bi MoO present very weak photocatalytic activity. On the other hand, the
2
6
photocatalytic activity of the Ag O/Bi MoO composites show an obvious enhancing
2
2
6
with the increase of Ag : Bi ratio from 1:2 to 3:1. As the ratio of Ag : Bi reaches at 1:1,
the Ag O/Bi MoO composite performed the best photocatalytic activity among all
2
2
6
samples and the degradation rate is about 88% under visible-light irradiation in 80
min. According to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) kinetics model, the
photochemical reaction is a pseudo-first-order reaction and in line with the kinetics
ln(C /C ) = kt, where C is the initial concentration and C is the concentration at time
0
t
0
t
t. The reaction rate constant k can be calculated and the results of Bi MoO ,
2
6
Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1), (1:2), (2:1), (3:1) and Ag O are estimated to be 0.0001, 0.0257,
2
2
6
2
-1
0
.01694, 0.02029, 0.01499 and 0.0064 min , respectively. The results show that the
degradation rate of MO is dependent on the amount of Ag O loading and the best
2
performance is obtained by Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1).
2
2
6
The recycling usage of photocatalyst is an important criteria for the practical
application of waste water purification. To investigate the stability of photocatalytic
activity on Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composite under visible light irradiation, the same
2
2
6
samples are repeatedly used for five times after the separation via membrane filtration.
The XPS spectra of the Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composite after the photodegradation of
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
+
MO dye shows that Ag peak was observed, indicating the Ag was partially reduced
by the photogenerated electrons (Fig. S2). The recycling results (Fig. 5) show that
after five cycling runs, the catalysts can also remains good activity, confirming that
the Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composite has good stability in activity and is easily to be
2
2
6
used for recycling.
3
.4 The mechanism of the photocatalytic decomposition of MO dyes
To further study the photocatalytic mechanism and identify the reactive species
+
-
(
h , ·O or·OH) in decolorizing MO process over the Ag O/Bi MoO composite,
2 2 2 6
different scavengers were added during the photocatalytic process. In this study,
ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), tert butyl alcohol (TBA) [25] and N were
2
respectively used as holes, hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals scavengers and
their effects on the photocatalytic degradation of MO are shown Fig. 6. After bubbling
N in the photocatalytic system, the activity of catalyst was slightly quenched by the
2
-
removal of O , indicating·O species take part in the photodegradation processes.
2
2
While, as for the addition of TBA (·OH quencher), the degrading rate of MO was
-
obviously depressed, revealing the ·OH species are much more active than ·O in
2
the photodegradation process. Moreover, a serious quenching effect was observed
+
after the adding of EDTA (h quencher), indicating holes play the dominate role in
MO degradation. Thus, the effective inhibition of the recombination between
electrons and holes would probably increased the photocatalytic activity.
On the basis of the above results, a possible mechanism for the photocatalytic
degradation of MO by Ag O/Bi MoO composites under the visible-light irradiation is
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
proposed (Scheme 1). When Bi MoO complexed with Ag O, the Fermi energy levels
2
6
2
would become balanced. And also both Bi MoO and Ag O could be excited and
2
6
2
corresponding photo-induced electron-hole pairs are generated (Eqs. 1-2).[26] The
electrons on the CB of Ag O would be transferred to the CB of Bi MoO according to
2
2
6
the energy difference. Then, the accumulated photo-induced electrons on the CB of
Bi MoO would react with oxygen molecules on the surface and generate oxygen
2
6
-
radicals • O (Eqs. 3). Considering the results of scavengers tests, it can be estimated
2
-
that a small number of • O species are generated in the photocatalysis process.
2
Meanwhile, the important role of holes can be observed in Fig. 6. The photo-induced
holes located on the VB of Bi MoO can be easily transferred onto the VB of Ag O
2
6
2
inhibiting the recombination process. Further reactions would take place between
-
holes and OH , which can generate • OH (Eqs. 4) by the oxidation reaction towards
the decomposion of MO dyes (Eqs. 5). Moreover, the dye also can be degraded
through a direct hole oxidation reaction by holes (Eqs. 5).
+
-
Bi MoO + hν → Bi MoO (h ) + e
(1)
(2)
2
6
2
6
+
-
Ag O + hν → Ag O(h ) + e
2
2
-
-
e + O →·O
(3)
(4)
(5)
2
2
+
-
h + OH → ·OH
+
-
MO + h /·OH/·O → degraded product
2
4
. Conclusion
In summary, Ag O nanoparticles were successfully introduced on Bi MoO the
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
surface of hierarchical microspheres through a chemical precipitation method. The
formation of Ag O/Bi MoO composites and the deposition of Ag O nanoparticles on
2
2
6
2
Bi MoO surface were confirmed by combined XRD, SEM and EDX mapping
2
6
analysis. Ag O/Bi MoO composites showed improved visible-light activity than that
2
2
6
of Bi MoO towards photocatalytic degradation of MO dye, and the best performance
2
6
was obtained by Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1). Scavenger quenching results revealed that holes
2
2
6
play a dominate role in the photodegradation process. Our study demonstrates that
Ag O decoration is very effective for the improvement of photo-catalytic activity of
2
Bi MoO , which may also apply to other photocatalysts.
2
6
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province
of China (A2015005), and National Natural Science Foundation of China (21373071)
References
1
. M. R.Hoffmann, S. T. Martin, W. Chio and D. W. Bahnemann, Chem. Rev. 95, 69
1995).
. N. Zhang, R. Ciriminna, M. Pagliaro and Y. J. Xu, Chem. Soc. Rev. 43, 5276
2014).
. J. Zhang, C. G. Niu, J. K, L. F. Zhou and G. M. Zeng, Catal. Commun. 59, 30
2015).
. Y. Shimodaira, H. Kato, H. Kobayashi and A. Kudo, J. Phys. Chem. C 110, 17790
2006).
. S. C. Zhang, C. Zhang, Y. Man and Y. F. Zhu, J. Solid State Chem. 179, 62 (2006).
(
2
(
3
(
4
(
5

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
6. X. Zhao, J. Qu, H. Liu and C. Hu, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 6802 (2007).
7. A. A. Alemi, R. Kashfi and B. Shabani, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem. 392, 290 (2014).
8. X. Zhao, H. J. Liu, Y. L. Shen and J. H. Qu, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 106, 63
(
2011).
. A. Phuruangrat, N. Ekthammathat, B. Kuntalue, P. Dumrongrojthanath, S.
Thongtem and T. Thongtem, J. Nanomater. 934165, 7 (2014).
0. L. W. Zhang, T. G. Xu, X. Zhao and Y. F. Zhu, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 98, 138
2010).
9
1
(
1
1. J. H. Bi, J. G. Che, L. Wu and M. H. Liu, Mater. Res. Bull. 48, 2071 (2013).
2. G. H. Tian, Y. J. Chen, W. Zhou, K. Pan, Y. Z. Dong, C. G. Tian and H. G. Fu, J.
1
Mater. Chem. 21, 887 (2011).
3. M. Y. Zhang, C. L. Shao, J. B. Mu, X. M. Huang, Z. Y. Zhang, Z. C. Guo, P.
Zhang and Y. C. Liu, J. Mater. Chem. 22, 577 (2012).
4. C. Xu, D. B. Zou, L. H. Wang, H. Luo and T. K. Ying, Ceram. Int. 35, 2099
2009).
1
1
(
1
1
5. W. Z. Yin, W. Z. Wang and S. M. Sun, Catal. Commun. 11, 647 (2010).
6. G. H. Tian, Y. J. Chen, X. Y. Meng, J. Zhou, W. Zhou, K. Pan, C. G. Tian, Z. Y.
Ren and H. G. Fu, ChemPlusChem. 78, 117 (2013).
1
7. Y. S. Xu, Z. J. Zhang and W. D. Zhang, Mater. Res. Bull. 48, 1420 (2013).
8. H. Li, T. X. Zhang, C. Pan. C. C. Pu, Y. Hu, X. Y. Hu, E. Z. Liu and J. Fan, Appl.
1
Surf. Sci. 391, 303 (2017).
9. C. S. Guo, J. Xu, S. F. Wang, L. Li, Y. Zhang and X. C. Li, CrystEngComm. 14,
1

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
3
2
602 (2012).
0. N. Liang, M. Wang, L. Jin, S. S. Huang, W. L. Chen, M. Xu, Q. Q. He, J. T. Zai, N.
H. Fang and X. F. Qian, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 6, 11698 (2014).
1. L. Zhu, B. Wei, L. L. Xu, Z. Lü, H. L. Zhang, H. Gao and J. X. Che,
CrystEngComm. 14, 5705 (2012).
2. D. Sarkar, C. K. Ghossh, S. Mukherjee and K. K. Chattopadhyay, ACS Appl.
Mater. Interfaces.5, 331 (2013).
3. J. Zhang, F. J. Shi, J. Lin, D. F. Chen, J. M. Gao, Z. X. Huang, X. X. Ding and C.
C. Tang, Chem. Mater. 20, 2937 (2008).
2
2
2
2
2
4. X. Zhao, J. Qu, H. Liu and C. Hu, Environ. Sci. Technol. 41, 6802 (2007).
5. J. X. Xia, M. X. Ji, J. Di, B. Wang, S. Yin, Q. Zhang, M. Q. He and H. M. Li, Appl.
Catal. A: Environ. 191, 235 (2016).
6. L. Chen, H. Hua, Q. Yang and C. G. Hu, Appl. Surf. Sci. 327, 62 (2015)
2

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Fig. 1 XRD patterns of Bi MoO and Ag O/Bi MoO with different Ag to Bi ratios.
2
6
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Scheme 1 Schematic illustration of the charge transfer pathway during the MO
degradation process over Ag O/Bi MoO under visible light irradiation
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
Fig. 2 (a) The SEM of Ag O/Bi MoO and elemental distribution maps for (b) Ag, (c)
2
2
6
Bi, (d) Mo, (e) O.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
(
a) 1.0
Ag:Bi=1:1
Pure Ag O
2
0.8
Pure Bi MoO
2
6
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
.0
3
00
400
500
600
700
Wavelength/nm
(
b) 1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Ag:Bi=1:1
Pure Ag O
2
Pure Bi MoO
2
6
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
hν/eV
Fig. 3 (a) UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra of the pure Bi MoO , Ag O and
2
6
2
Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1) composite materials with different reaction time, (b) the
2
2
6
estimated band gap energies of samples.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
1
.0
.8
.6
.4
.2
.0
0
0
Pure BMO
Ag:Bi=1:1
Ag:Bi=1:2
Ag:Bi=2:1
Ag:Bi=3:1
0
0
Pure Ag O
2
0
0
20
40
60
80
Time/min
Fig. 4 (a) Photocatalytic degradation of MO over the Ag O/Bi MoO composites with
2
2
6
different ion ratios of Ag and Bi under visible light.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
50
100 150
200 250 300 350 400
Time/min
Fig. 5 Cycling runs for the photodegradation of MO in the presence of Ag O/Bi MoO
6
2
2
(1:1) composite under visible light irradiation.

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
Ag:Bi=1:1 alone
EDTA
TBA
N
2
0
20
40
60
80
Time/min
Fig. 6 Effects of EDTA, TBA and N on the decomposition of MO in the presence of
2
Ag O/Bi MoO (1:1).
2
2
6

ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT
ꢀ
ꢀ
The Ag O/Bi MoO composites were synthesized via a coprecipitation method.
2
2
6
The photocatalytic activities of the composites with various weight ratio were
evaluated using the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible light
irradiation
ꢀ
The Ag O/Bi MoO composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic performance.
2
2
6