Synthesis of (R)-2-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-5,5-dimethylfuran by a new oxidative rearrangement

Article abstract of DOI:10.3390/11120959

The rearrangement under oxidative conditions of 3-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2, 6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehydes to afford a chiral protected tetrahydrofuran lactol is described.

Full text of DOI:10.3390/11120959

Molecules 2006, 11, 959-967
molecules
ISSN 1420-3049
http://www.mdpi.org
Full Paper
Synthesis of (R)-2-(Benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-5,5-dimethylfuran by
a New Oxidative Rearrangement
David Diez *, Marta G. Nuñez, Rosalina F. Moro, Narciso M. Garrido, Isidro S. Marcos,
Pilar Basabe Julio G. Urones
Departamento de Química Orgánica,Universidad de Salamanca, Plaza de los Caídos 1-5, 37008
Salamanca, Spain; E-mails: ddm@usal.es, mgn@usal.es, rfm@usal.es, nmg@usal.es,
ismarcos@usal.es, pbb@usal.es, jgu@usal.es
* Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-mail: ddm@usal.es
Received: 12 November 2006; in revised form: 12 December 2006 / Accepted: 15 December 2006 /
Published: 18 December 2006
Abstract: The rearrangement under oxidative conditions of 3-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-
2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehydes to afford a chiral protected tetrahydrofuran
lactol is described.
Keywords: Tetrahydropyrans, tetrahydrofurans, oxidative rearrangement.
Introduction
During the last few years our group has been interested in the synthesis of chiral tetrahydropyrans
[1] due to their presence in many biological active natural products [2]. In a recent paper we reported
the influence of the protecting group on the cyclization of δ-hydroxyepoxides for the synthesis of
tetrahydropyrans [1d]. With this method, we were able to synthesize the diastereoisomeric
tetrahydropyrans 2 and 3 in chiral form in good yield (Scheme 1).
Scheme 1.
OBn
OH
1
Ref 1d
OBn
OBn
O
O
3
CH2OH
CH2OH
2

Molecules 2006, 11
960
Recently Armstrong et al. have described the ring contraction of 2-alkoxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrans
into 4,5-cis-disubstituted tetrahydropyranones by oxidative rearrangement (Scheme 2) [3]. These
results prompted us to communicate our findings in this area.
Scheme 2.
R2
R1 R2
R1
1. 1 equiv DMDO
acetone / DCM
O
O
O
R3: Et, n-Bu
OR3
2. Jones oxidation
O
The asymmetric epoxidation of unfunctionalized olefins using sugar ketone derivatives as catalysts
is an emerging area in organic chemistry [4]. On the other hand, aldehydes have not been used very
often as catalysts in this kind of reactions since they are prone to Oxone® oxidation to give the
corresponding acids. Zhao has demonstrated that enantioselective epoxidation could be achieved with
Oxone® and an aldehyde bearing an oxygenated functionalization in α-position [5]. Having established
an easy procedure for the synthesis of tetrahydropyrans 2 and 3, we decided to use them as precursors
for aldehydes 4 and 5 (Figure 1), which can be used as catalysts for enantioselective epoxidation
following Zhao’s methodology.
Figure 1.
OBn
OBn
O
O
CHO
CHO
4
5
Results and Discussion
When compounds 2 and 3 were submitted separately to Ley´s oxidation conditions [6] the
aldehydes 4 and 5 were obtained in good yields (Scheme 3).
Scheme 3.
b
OBn
OBn
a
O
O
4
c
c
CH2OH
CHO
2
OBn
O
OBn
OBn
a
6
O
3
O
CH2OH
CHO
5
b
a) TPAP, NMO, CH2Cl2, sieves mol, 2 to 4 62%, 3 to 5, 73%; b) Shi epoxidation
conditions [7]: Oxone® (5 equiv), aq. K2CO3, Na2EDTA (0.4mM, aq.sol.), Buffer
pH=10.5, (Bu4N+)2SO4, CH3CN, 0%. c) Yang epoxidation conditions [8] (pH= 7.5):
Oxone® (10 eq.), NaHCO3 (15 eq.), Na2EDTA (0.4mM, aq.sol.), CH3CN/H2O, 60%.

Molecules 2006, 11
961
When compounds 4 and 5 were used as catalysts for the epoxidation of trans-stilbene under Shi
conditions [7], no epoxidation was observed and the starting material was recovered. On the other
hand, when 4 and 5 were used as catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation of the same trans-stilbene
substrate under Yang’s conditions [8] only a 6% yield of trans-stilbene oxide was obtained with 0%
e.e., but tetrahydrofuran 6 was obtained in good yield (60%). This compound showed optical rotation,
so we decided to check its enantiomeric purity by chiral HPLC. For this purpose, the racemic
derivative 8 [1b] was obtained by treatment of lactol 7, previously obtained in our group, with benzyl
alcohol in acidic media [9] (Scheme 4). From the HPLC analysis, it could be seen that lactol 6 was
obtained in an e.e. of 78% [10].
Scheme 4.
a
OH
OBn
O
O
7
8
a) BnOH, p-TsOH, CH2Cl2, 70%
These results could be rationalised by a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation [11] of the aldehyde to give,
after hydrolysis, lactol 10. This lactol will be in equilibrium with the corresponding ketone 11, which
can undergo another Baeyer-Villiger oxidation to give the acetate 12. This second oxidation is
favoured by the presence of an oxygenated function in the α-position [12]. The rearrangement to the
lactol 6 maintaining the chirality could be understood through the intermediacy of a hemiorthoester 13,
which is the compound that finally rearranges to afford lactol 6. Exactly the same results were
obtained with aldehyde 5, when submitted to the same reaction conditions (Scheme 5).
Scheme 5. Proposed rearrangement from aldehyde 4 to lactol 6.
OBn
OBn
OBn
OH
O
O
OCHO
O
CHO
10
9
4
OBn
OBn
O
OBn
O
O
O
OH
OH
11
O
13
OH
12
+
CH3COOH
OBn
O
6
In order to check the influence of the benzyloxy substituent at the 3 position in the rearrangement,
an aldehyde analog of 4 and 5, but with the benzyloxy substituent in C-5, was synthesised and
submitted to the same oxidizing conditions (Scheme 6).

Molecules 2006, 11
962
Scheme 6.
OH
HO
Ref. 14
BnO
+
O
HO
O
14
13
15 : 85
BnO
a
Linalool
b
O
CHO
O
c
16
15
BnO
O
OH
17
a) NaH, BnBr, THF, 90%; b) 1.- OsO4, NMO, THF/H2O. 2.- NaIO4, THF/H2O,
84%; c) Yang epoxidation conditions [8] (pH= 7.5): Oxone® (10 eq.), NaHCO3
(15 eq.), Na2EDTA (0.4mM, aq.sol.), CH3CN/H2O.
Epoxidation of racemic linalool gave an 81% yield of a 15:85 mixture of tetrahydropyrans and
tetrahydrofurans [13], from which cis-tetrahydropyran 13 was isolated. This compound was submitted
to benzylation under standard conditions (NaH, BnBr) thus giving 15 in good yield [14]. Cleavage of
the double bond by dihydroxylation with OsO4 and subsequent treatment with NaIO4 [15], gave the
required aldehyde 16 in good yield. When this aldehyde was submitted to Yang epoxidation
conditions, methylketone 17 was obtained, so in this case, only one Baeyer- Villiger oxidation has
occurred and it can be concluded that a hydroxyl function next to the aldehyde is necessary in order to
produce the observed rearrangement.
Conclusions
A new rearrangement under oxidative conditions is described for the transformation of 3-
(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehydes into chiral tetrahydrofuranlactols.
Because both enantiomeric forms can be obtained using the appropriate Sharpless epoxidation
conditions, this methodology opens new ways for obtaining chiral synthons.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank the Junta de Castilla y León (SA045A05), the Spanish MEC (CTQ2005-
06813/BQU) and F. S. E. for financial support. M.G.N thanks the Spanish MEC for a FPU doctoral
fellowship.

Molecules 2006, 11
Experimental
General
963
Unless otherwise stated, all chemicals were purchased as the highest purity commercially available
and were used without further purification. IR spectra were recorded on an AVATAR 370 FT-IR
Thermo Nicolet spectrophotometer. 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra were recorded in CDCl3 using a Varian
1
13
200 VX instrument operating at 200 and 50.3 MHz for H and C, respectively. Chemical shifts are
reported in δ ppm referenced to the residual CHCl3 peak at δ 7.26 ppm and δ 77.0 ppm, for 1H and 13C,
respectively, and coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. HRMS were recorded on a QSTAR XL
spectrometer using electrospray ionization (ESI) technique. Optical rotations were determined on a
Perkin-Elmer 241 polarimeter in 1 dm cells. Diethyl ether and THF were distilled from sodium and
dichloromethane was distilled from calcium hydride under an Ar atmosphere.
(2R,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (4)
To a stirred solution of 2 (103 mg, 0.39 mmol), N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (158 mg, 1.17
mmol) and 3Å molecular sieves in dry CH2Cl2 (4 mL), a catalytic amount of tetrapropylammonium
perruthenate was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 1 hour, it was
filtered through a short pad of silica washing with CH2Cl2 to obtain 65 mg (0.25 mmol, 64%) of
aldehyde 4. [α]D20 +65.5o (c 0.9, CHCl3); IR (film): 2970-2870,1736, 1452, 1370, 1258, 1111, 737, 698
1
cm-1. H NMR: δ = 9.71 (1H, s, CHO), 7.35-7.30 (5H, m, -Ph), 4.58 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, O-CH2-Ph,
HA), 4.37 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HB), 3.48 (1H, dd, J1 = 2.69, J2 = 5.92 Hz, H-3), 1.9-1.3
13
(4H, m, H-4 and H-5), 1.28 (3H, s, H-9), 1.27 (6H, s, H-7 and H-8); C-NMR: δ = 20.5 (C-4), 22.5
(C-9), 29.1 (C-7), 30.8 (C-8), 32.0 (C-5), 71.3 (O-CH2-Ph), 72.4 (C-6), 78.1 (C-3), 80.0 (C-2), 127.6
(Phorto), 127.6 (Phpara), 128.3 (Phmeta), 138.2 (Phipso), 205.4 (C-10); HRMS-ESI: [M+Na]+ calcd for
C16H22O3Na, 285.1461; found, 285.1474.
(2S,3S)-3-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (5).
To a stirred solution of 3 (70 mg, 0.26 mmol), N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (107 mg, 0.79 mmol)
and 3Å molecular sieves in dry CH2Cl2 (2.5 mL), a catalytic amount of tetrapropylammonium
perruthenate was added. After stirring the reaction mixture at room temperature for 1 hour, it was
filtered through a short pad of silica which was washed with CH2Cl2 to obtain 51 mg (0.19 mmol,
20
73%) of aldehyde 5. [α]D + 76.31º (c 0.9, CHCl3); IR (film): 2970-2870, 1736, 1452, 1370, 1258,
1213, 1111, 1026, 737, 698 cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ= 9.56 (1H, s, H-10), 7.35-7.30 (5H, m, -Ph), 4.63 (1H, d,
J = 11.8 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HA), 4.46 (1H, d, J = 11.8 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HB), 3.75 (1H, bs, H-3), 2.0-1.5
(4H, m, H-4 and H-5), 1.30 (3H, s, H-9), 1.20 and 1.15 (3H each, s, H-7 and H-8); 13C-NMR: δ = 19.6
(C-9), 20.5 (C-4), 26.7 (C-7), 30.4 (C-5), 31.3 (C-8), 71.3 (O-CH2-Ph), 71.5 (C-3), 73.1 (C-6), 81.1
(C-2), 127.5 (Phpara), 127.7 (Phorto), 128.3 (Phmeta), 138.5 (Phipso), 204.4 (C-10); HRMS-ESI: [M+Na]+
calcd for C16H22O3Na, 285.1461; found, 285.1457.

Molecules 2006, 11
964
(R)-2-(Benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-5,5-dimethylfuran (6)
To a stirred solution of aldehyde 4 (13 mg, 0.05 mmol) in CH3CN (0.8 mL) at room temperature,
aq. Na2EDTA (0.5 mL of 0.4 mM solution) were added. Then, a mixture of Oxone® (150 mg, 0.25
mmol KHSO5) and NaHCO3 (66 mg, 0.77 mmol) was added in small portions over 30 minutes. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours, and then diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with
EtOAc (3 x 15 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous
Na2SO4. After filtering and evaporating the solvents, the crude was purified by flash chromatography
(hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to obtain 6 mg (0.03 mmol, 60%) of 6. [α]D20 79.4 o (c 0.51, CHCl3); IR (film):
2970, 2924, 1454, 1361, 1262, 1138, 1091, 1042, 1026, 1008, 962 cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ = 7.34-7.25 (5H,
m, -Ph), 5.15-5.17 (1H, m, H-2), 4.75 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HA), 4.42 (1H, d, J = 11.7 Hz,
O-CH2-Ph, HB), 2.07-1.72 (4H, m, H-3 and H-4), 1.40 (3H, s, Me-6), 1.24 (3H, s, Me-7); 13C-NMR: δ
= 29.1 (C-7), 30.3 (C-6), 33.3 (C-3), 36.5 (C-4), 68.7 (O-CH2-Ph), 82.7 (C-2), 103.7 (C-5), 127.6 (-
Ph), 128.1 (-Ph), 128.5 (-Ph), 138.7 (Phipso); HRMS-ESI: (m/z) [M+Na]+ calcd for C13H18O2Na,
229.1199; found, 229.1200.
(±)-2-(Benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-5,5-dimethylfuran (8)
To a stirred solution of 7 (348 mg, 3.0 mmol) in dry CH2Cl2, benzyl alcohol (3.24 g, 30.0 mmol)
and a catalytic amount of p-TsOH were added. The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 30 minutes and then quenched by addition saturated aqueous solution of NaHCO3 (20 mL) and
CH2Cl2 (100 mL). The phases were separated and the organic one was washed with brine and dried
over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtering and evaporating the solvents, the crude was purified by flash
chromatography (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to obtain 430 mg (1.96 mmol, 70%) of 8, the racemate of
compound 6.
3-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2,2,6-trimethyl-6-vinyl-2H-pyran (15)
A solution of 13 (130 mg, 0.76 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added over a suspension of NaH in
THF (2 mL) at 0ºC. Then, BnBr (0.18 mL, 1.53 mmol) was added over the mixture and it was left
stirring at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction was quenched by addition of H2O and then it
was extracted with EtOAc (3 x 70 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and
dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtering and evaporating the solvents, the crude was purified by
flash chromatography (hexane/EtOAc, 95:5) to obtain 180 mg (0.70 mmol, 90%) of 15. IR (film):
1
2974, 2942, 2871, 1496, 1454, 1365, 1238, 1164, 1092, 986, 911 cm-1; H-NMR: δ = 7.40-7.27 (5H,
m, -Ph), 6.01 (1H, dd, J1= 17.2 Hz, J2= 11.0 Hz, H-1’), 5.00 (1H, d, J= 11.0 Hz, H-2’cis), 4.99 (1H, d,
J= 17.2 Hz, H-2’trans), 4.67 (1H, d, J= 11.7 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HA), 4.48 (1H, d, J= 11.7 Hz, O-CH2-Ph,
HB), 3.21 (1H, dd, J1=11.0 Hz, J2= 4.2 Hz, H-3), 2.21-1.51 (4H, m, H-4 and H-5), 1.27, 1.24 and 1.18
(3H each, s, H-7, H-8 and H-9); 13C-NMR: δ = 19.2 (C-7), 19.5 (C-4), 27.7 (C-9), 29.7 (C-8), 30.2 (C-
5), 68.8 (C-6), 71.1 (O-CH2-Ph), 73.4 (C-2), 79.9 (C-3), 108.3 (C-2’), 125.1 (Ph), 126.0 (Ph), 136.7
(Phipso), 144.0 (C-1’); HRMS-ESI: [M+Na]+ calcd for C17H24O2Na, 283.1668; found, 283.1657.

Molecules 2006, 11
965
5-(benzyloxy)-tetrahydro-2,6,6-trimethyl-2H-pyran-2-carbaldehyde (16)
A catalytic amount of OsO4 (0.1 mL of a 2.5 % w/v solution in t-butanol) and N-methyl-
morpholine-N-oxide (183 mg, 1.34 mmol) were added to a stirred solution of 15 (100 mg, 0.38 mmol)
in THF/H2O (2:1, 1 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 hours and then
quenched by addition of saturated aqueous Na2SO3 solution. After extracting with EtOAc (3 x 50 mL),
the organic layers were combined and washed successively with saturated aqueous Na2SO3 solution,
H2O, brine and then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4. After filtering and evaporating the solvents, the
crude product was dissolved in 5:1 THF/H2O (3 mL), then NaIO4 (182 mg, 0.85 mmol) was added and
the reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 20 minutes. It was diluted with H2O (10 mL),
extracted with Et2O (3 x 50 mL) and the organic layers combined and washed with H2O and brine.
After drying over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtering and evaporating the solvents, 86 mg (0.33 mmol, 84%)
of aldehyde 16 were obtained. IR (film): 2975, 2929, 2867, 2789, 1728, 1454, 1361, 1257, 1097, 1009
cm-1; 1H-NMR: δ = 9.60 (1H, s, H-9), 7.34-7.26 (5H, m, -Ph), 4.63 (1H, d, J= 12 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HA),
4.43 (1H, d, J= 12 Hz, O-CH2-Ph, HB), 3.21-3.15 (1H, m, H-3), 2.41-1.35 (4H, m, H-4 and H-5), 1.31,
1.12 and 1.09 (3H each, s, H-7, H-8 and H-9); 13C-NMR: δ = 21.0 (C-10), 21.7 (C-4), 24.3 (C-7), 29.3
(C-8), 29.8 (C-5), 71.2 (O-CH2-Ph), 76.5 (C-2), 78.3 (C-6), 81.0 (C-3), 127.7 (Ph), 127.7 (Ph), 128.5
(Ph), 138.9 (Phipso), 205.0 (C-9).
5-(benzyloxy)-6-hydroxy-6-methylheptan-2-one (17)
To a stirred solution of aldehyde 16 (38 mg, 0.14 mmol) in CH3CN (2.5 mL) at room temperature,
aq. Na2EDTA (1.5 mL of 0.4 mM solution) was added. Then, a mixture of Oxone® (450 mg, 0.72
mmol KHSO5) and NaHCO3 (190 mg, 2.25 mmol) was added in small portions over 30 minutes. The
reaction mixture was stirred for 12 hours and then diluted with H2O (10 mL) and extracted with EtOAc
(3 x 15 mL). The organic layers were combined, washed with brine and dried over anhydrous Na2SO4.
After filtering and evaporating the solvents, the crude was purified by flash chromatography (7:3
hexane/Et2O) to afford 18 mg (0.07 mmol, 50%) of 17. IR (film): 3452, 2926, 2855, 1715, 1458, 1364,
1
1260, 1096, 1030 cm-1; H-NMR: δ = 7.33-7.31 (5H, m, -Ph), 4.62 (2H, s, O-CH2-Ph), 3.24 (1H, dd,
J1= 8.2 Hz, J2= 3.4 Hz, H-2), 2.5-2.48 (2H, m, H-4), 2.08 (3H, s, H-6), 1.87-1.66 (2H, m, H-3), 1.23
13
(6H, s, H-7 and H-8); C-NMR: δ = 22.9 (C-3), 24.6 (C-8), 24.6 (C-7), 27.2 (C-6), 40.4 (C-4), 73.8
(C-1), 74.9 (O-CH2-Ph), 85.7 (C-2), 128.0 (Ph), 128.8 (Ph), 138.6 (Phipso), 209.0 (C-5); HRMS-ESI:
[M+Na]+ calcd for C15H22O3Na, 273.1461; found, 273.1451.
References and Notes
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Marcos, I. S.; Basabe, P.; Escarcena, R.; Urones, J. G. Synthesis 2002, 175-184. e) Díez, D.;

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I.W.C.E.; Sheldon, R. A. Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 4105-4123; c) Krow, G. R. Org. React. 1993, 43,
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Escarcena, R. Tetrahedron. 1995, 51, 3691-3704.
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15. Hubbs, J. L.; Heathcock, C. H, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 12836-12843.
Sample Availability: Samples of compounds 2-6 and 13-17 are available from the authors.
© 2006 by MDPI (http://www.mdpi.org). Reproduction is permitted for noncommercial purposes.