A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base gelator for synthesis of organogels and identification of Fe3+

Article abstract of DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2020.118391

A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base fluorescent organogel (G₁) was designed and synthesized. Gelator G₁ can form stable organogels in isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol, n-butanol and phenylamine. The organogel could be co

Full text of DOI:10.1016/j.saa.2020.118391

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A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base gelator for
synthesis of organogels and identification of Fe3+
Yun-Shang Yang, Chuan Liang, Chen Yang, Ying-Peng Zhang,
Bao-Xu Wang, Jie Liu
PII:
S1386-1425(20)30369-3
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.118391
SAA 118391
DOI:
Reference:
Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular
Spectroscopy
To appear in:
Received date: 16 November 2019
Revised date:
10 April 2020
9 April 2020
Accepted
date:
1
Please cite this article as: Y.-S. Yang, C. Liang, C. Yang, et al., A novel coumarin-
derived acylhydrazone Schiff base gelator for synthesis of organogels and identification
of Fe3+, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy (2020),
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2020.118391
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A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base gelator for Synthesis
3
+
of organogels and identification of Fe

Yun-Shang Yang*, Chuan Liang, Chen Yang, Ying-Peng Zhang , Bao-Xu Wang, Jie Liu
School of Petrochemical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
Abstract: A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base fluorescent organogel (G ) was designed
1
and synthesized. Gelator G can form stable organogels in isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol, n-butanol and
1
phenylamine. The organogel could be converted to solution by heating and the solution could be restored to
gel state by cooling. The self-assemble mechanism of G1 was investigated by XRD, FT-IR and SEM
techniques. The results indicated the intermolecular hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals interaction and π-π
stacking are the forces for the self-assembly of the gelator to form the organogel. The optical properties of
the compound was studied by UV-visible spectroscopy and fluorescence spectra. Further study presented
3
+
that gelator G1 could selectively and sensitively response to Fe only among tested cations. Beside the
above functions, the organic gel factor G1 could also response to irradiation, heating and shaking, thus
endowing the organogel with multi stimulus responsive properties.
Key Words: coumarin; acylhydrazone Schiff base; organogel; cation sensor.
1
. Introduction
In the past few decades, low molecular weight organic gels(LMOGS) have been received extensive
attention, which is an important kind of soft nanostructure material[1-5]. LMOGS are molecules that can
self-assemble under specific conditions into structures that are able to immobilise the solvent to form
organic gel by weak intermolecular forces such as hydrogen bond, π-πstacking and van der Waals
interaction. When the temperature, pH, different ions and irradiation change slightly, the gel phase
transition can occur [6-12]. Many LMOGS have been designed and applied to bionic systems, drug delivery,
tissue engineering, chemical sensors and optoelectronic equipment [13-23].
3
+
Fe is one of the essential elements of the human body and plays an important role in many
3+
biochemical reactions [24-25]. Fe levels are associated with many diseases, including cancers and some
organ dysfunctions [26-27]. At present, fluorescent probes have become powerful detection tools for
chemical, biological and environmental applications, and can be used for real-time analysis with good

Corresponding authors: Tel:+86-931-7823115. Email: yangyunshang@tom.com(Y.-S Yang),yingpengzhang@126.com (Y.-P Zhang)
1

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3
+
sensitivity and anti-interference [28-33]. Fe analytical techniques such as electrothermal atomic
absorption spectrometry [34], atomic absorption spectrometry [35], cold vapor atomic absorption
spectrometry [36] and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy [37] have many disadvantages, such
as expensive instruments, well-controlled experimental conditions, complicated sample preparation
processes and a lot of time.
Schiff base ligands have good metal binding affinity, and some of them will change the initial state of
the target, the different metal ion concentration could effect the fluorescence intensity, so metal ions can be
detected by a fluorescence spectrometer[38-43]. Some Schiff base metal complexes possess attractive
electronic and photophysical properties [44], antitumor properties [45].
Coumarin is an important class of natural organic heterocyclic compounds. These compounds have
good optical properties[46]. Substitution at different positions on the coumarin ring can give them different
fluorescent properties. Coumarin Schiff base is a lactone ring compound with a chelating group such as
C=N, C=O, which has good fluorescent characteristics, good sensitivity and selectivity for ion
recognition[47].
Based on the above mentioned, here we report a novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base
3
+
fluorescent organogel G1(Scheme 1), which shows highly selective colorimetric response to Fe in
EtOH/H O (1:1)mixed solution. Furthermore, G can form a stable organogel in isopropanol, tert-amyl
2
1
alcohol, n-butanol and phenylamine, which can response to heating, irradiation and vigorous agitation, thus
endowing the organogel with multi stimulus responsive properties.
Scheme 1. Synthetic route of gelator G1.
2

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2
. Experimental section
2.1 General instrumentations and reagents
All the reagents were purchased from Meryer Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and
were of analytical grade. The aqueous solutions of metal ions were prepared from LiNO , NaNO , KNO ,
3
3
3
Ba(NO ) , Ca(NO ) , Mg(NO ) , Cu(NO ) , Fe(NO ) , Fe(NO ) , Fe (SO ) , FeCl , AgNO , Al(NO ) ,
3
2
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 2
3 3
2
4 3
3
3
3 3
Co(NO ) , Ni(NO ) , Pb(NO ) , Zn(NO ) , HgCl and CdCl . Deionized water was prepared using a Milli
3
2
3 2
3 2
3 2
2
2
Q® Direct 8 & 16 Ultrapure Water System (Billerica, MA, USA) for all experiments, and all the solution
samples were prepared at room temperature, dissolved and allowed to stand for 12 h, and then subjected to
spectrometry.
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was conducted on silica gel 60F254 plates (Merck KGaA). The
melting point was determined on an XRC-1u Melting Point Apparatus. FT-IR spectra of powder and
xerogels were recorded on the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer from Nicolet, USA. The UV-vis
spectra were recorded on UV-2700 spectrophotometer. Fluorescent measurements were recorded on a
1
13
Hitach F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer. H NMR and C NMR spectrum were measured on the
Bruker Avance 400 (400 MHz) spectrometer. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) was performed on a
Rigaku D/Max-2400 X-Ray Diffractometer. SEM images of the xerogels were obtained by using
JSM-6701F instruments.
2.2 Synthesis of gelator G1
The gelator G synthesis as follows: compound (a) procured from commercial suppliers. Compound (c)
1
wes prepared according to the literature procedures [48]. 1.25 g (6.64 mmol) of 3-acetyl coumarin and 1.54
g of 3,4,5-dodecyloxy benzoyl hydrazide (2.23 mmol) were dissolved in 30 mL of ethanol, added 1.0 mL of
glacial acetic acid to the mixture. The reaction was refluxed at 85 °C for 30 h. After the reaction was
completed, solvent was removed, Pure G1 powder was obtained after 3 times of recrystallization from
anhydrous ethanol. Its yield was 75.3% (yellow powder). Mp: 161-163 ℃. The analysis data is as follows：
1
H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl ): δ 8.50 (s, 1H, NH), 7.63-7.00 (m, 7H, Ar-H), 4.02-3.98 (m, 6H, OCH ), 2.72
3
2
(
s, 3H, -CH ), 1.81-1.68 (m, 6H, OCH -CH -), 1.48-1.43 (m, 6H, -OCH -CH -), 1.34-1.29 (m, 48H, -CH -),
3 2 2 2 2 2
1
3
0
1
2
.87 (t, 9H, -CH3). C NMR (100MHz, CDCl ): δ(ppm) 166.9, 155.3, 152.8, 152.8, 147.4(2C), 142.3,
3
34.3, 130.2, 128.7, 124.9, 124.6, 118.2, 116.7, 107.9 (2C), 73.5, 69.1 (2C), 31.9 (3C), 29.7 (3C), 29.7 (3C),
9.6 (3C), 29.6 (3C), 29.4 (3C), 29.3 (3C), 29.3 (3C), 26.1 (3C), 26.0, 22.7 (3C), 14.1 (3C). HR-ESI-MS
3

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+
calculated for [M+H O+H] 877.6652; found 877.7431.
2
2.3. Gelation test
A certain amount of gelator and solvents were put into a septum-capped test tube and heated until the
solid was completely dissolved into the solvent. Then the cooled glass vial is turned over while observing
whether the solution in the vial flows. If the solution does not flow, it means that the gelator forms a
organogel. If the solution partially flows, it means that the solution and the solid can coexist, and the
system has a partial gel formation. There are other situations, such as forming a solution, forming a
precipitate or crystal et.al. After the completion of the organogel experiment, the critical gelator
concentrations (CGC) were gained by the “stable to inversion of a test tube” method and the values of
gel-sol transition temperature (T ) were tested by the “falling drop” method [49].
gel
3
. Results and discussion
3.1. Gelation properties of G1
As shown in Fig. 1, the gelation propensity of G1 was tested in n-heptane, ethyl acetoacetate, acetone,
n-butanol, DMSO, ethanol, tert-amyl alcohol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, diethyl malonate, isooctane,
methanol, DMF and phenylamine. G can form stable gel in phenylamine, isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol
1
and n-butanol (The results are shown in Table. 1). The critical gel concentration (CGC) values of G range
1
from 4 mg/mL (isopropanol) to 8 mg/mL (n-butanol), while the gel-sol phase transition temperature (Tgel)
values were within 42-90 ℃, indicating that these gels are stable at room temperature. The Tgel of the
isopropanol gel was 90 °C. Therefore, isopropanol is the best solvent for G gel formation (see Table. 2).
1
Fig.1. Gel testing in a variety of solvents
Table. 1. Gelation test results of compound G1
Solvent
State
S
PG
Ins
PG
n-Heptane
Ethyl acetoacetate
Acetone
Ethanol
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DMSO
S
n-Butanol
G
G
G
S
PG
S
Tert-amyl alcohol
Isopropanol
Ethyl acetate
Diethyl malonate
Isooctane
Methanol
DMF
Ins
S
Phenylamine
G
S=solution; Ins=insoluble; G=gel; PG=partial gel.
Table. 2. The CGC and Tgel of the organic gel factor G1.
Solvent
CGC
5.5
4
Tgel /℃
42
Phenylamine
Isopropanol
Tert-amyl alcohol
n-Butanol
90
6
79
8
82
As shown in Fig. 2, gelator G can form a stable organogel in isopropyl alcohol solution, which can
1
response to heating, irradiation and vigorous agitation, and the organogel can change to the solution state
after being subjected to these stimuli. However, the solution can be restored to the gel state after being
cooled for about 0.5 h, thus endowing the organogel with multi stimulus responsive properties.
Fig.2. multistimulus responsive propertie of G1
3.2. Cation recognition properties
For the systematic study of the spectral properties of the gelator G , the spectral experiments were
1
carried out at room temperature. The UV-visible absorption spectrum and the fluorescence spectrum were
tested using HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH=7.2, V ethanol/V deionized water = 1:1).
The UV-visible absorption spectrum of G shows the typical coumarin-based absorption bands at 217
1
nm,300 nm and 350 nm, respectively(see Fig. 3). To evaluate the response properties of the G1, a series of
recognition experiments were carried out at room temperature, In the aqueous solution of G1 (c=1.0μM),
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
1
0 eq various cations including K , Na , Li , Ag , Fe , Cu , Hg , Mg , Ba , Ca , Co , Zn , Cd , Al ,
2
+
2+
3+
Ni and Pb were added, respectively. As shown in Fig. 4, when aqueous solution of Fe was added, it
was found that the maximum absorption wavelength was shifted to 228 nm (red shift). However, the other
cations could not induce similar fluorescence changes.
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Fig. 3. The UV-visible absorption spectrum of G in HEPES buffer (10 mM, pH=7.2, V ethanol/V deionized water
1
=
1:1)
2
2
1
1
0
0
.5
.0
.5
.0
.5
.0
+
+
+
+
Only G and K , Na , Li , Ag ,
1
3+
Fe
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
Cu , Hg , Mg , Ba , Ca , Co ,
2+
2+
3+
2+
2+
2+
Zn , Cd , Al , Ni , Fe , Pb
-0.5
2
40 280 320 360 400 440 480
Wavelength(nm)
Fig. 4. UV–vis spectral changes of probe G upon additions of various metal ions.
1
The ethanol containing the G1was observed blue under the UV–vis lamp, When 5 times equivalent
3
+
Fe ion was added, the blue fluorescence decreases whereas it remains very much unchanged with the
3
+
other ions (Fig. 5). It indicated that the G1 can selectively recognize Fe . This phenomenon could also be
confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy. As shown in Fig. 6, the G1 showed a strong fluorescence emission
at 378 nm upon excitation at 250 nm. This strong fluorescence of probe G1 may be due to the C=N-N
3
+
isomerization with the acylhydrazone Schiff base fluorescent group. Upon addition of Fe to the solution
of gel factor G1, a obviously decreased in fluorescence intensity was observed. Whereas, upon the addition
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
of various metal ions, including K , Na , Li , Ag , Hg , Mg , Ba , Ca , Cu , Fe , Co , Zn , Cd ,
2
+
3+
2+
Pb , Al , Ni tested to the solution of the organic gel factor G1 did not induce significant fluorescence
changes.
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Fig. 5. Optical experiment under UV-vis lamp.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
00
00
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
Only G and G + K , Na , Li , Ag , Cu , Hg ,
1
1
2+
2+
2+
2+
Mg , Ba , Ca , Co ,
2+
2+
3+
00 Zn , Cd , Al ,
2
+
2+
2+
Ni , Fe , Pb
00
00
00
00
0
3+
Fe
3
00
350
400
450
Wavelength(nm)
Fig. 6. Fluorescence spectra of G in EtOH/water (1:1, v/v) containing HEPES buffer (0.02mM, pH=7.2) in
1
the presence of different metal ions.
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
00
00
00
3
+
+
+
+
G1+ Fe + K , Na , Li ,
2+
+
2+
2+
Fe , Ag , Cu , Hg ,
Only G1
2+
2+
2+
2+
Mg , Ba , Ca , Co ,
2+
2+
3+
2+
00 Zn ,Cd , Al , Ni ,
2+
Pb
00
00
00
0
3
00
350
400
450
Wavelength(nm)
3
+
Fig. 7. Competitive experiments in the probe G with Fe system with interfering metal ions in
1
EtOH/water (1:1, v/v) containing HEPES buffer (0.02 mM, pH= 7.2).
3
+
In order to illustrate the anti-interference ability of the G1 to Fe recognition, further study was
3
+
carried out by adding other metal ions to a mixed solution of G and Fe in EtOH/water (1:1, v/v)
1
3
+
containing HEPES buffer (0.02 mM, pH=7.2). As shown in Fig. 7, Fe was added to the buffer containing
the G1, and the curve showed that the fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced, and then an equal
+
+
+
+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
2+
3+
2+
amount of other metal ions ( K , Na , Li , Ag , Cu , Hg , Mg , Ba , Ca , Co , Zn , Cd , Al , Ni ,
2
+
2+
Fe , Pb ) were added, respectively. There was no significant change in the fluorescence intensity and the
spectral curve shape. The results showed that the G1 had a strong anti-interference ability and high
3+
selectivity to Fe in the presence of other metal ions.
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7
6
5
4
3
2
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
Only G1
Fe (SO ) FeCl3
2
4 3
Fe(NO3)3
400
3
00
350
450
Wavelength(nm)
Fig. 8. Fluorescence spectra of probe G in EtOH/water (1:1, v/v) containing HEPES buffer (0.02 mM,
1
pH= 7.2) in the presence of different iron salts.
3
+
Additionally, in order to explore the effect of anion on the recognition of Fe by the G1. Aqueous
solution of sulfate, nitrate and chloride in ethanol (0.02 mM HEPES, pH=7.2, V/V =1:1) was tested. As
shown in Fig. 8, the equivalent equivalents of Fe (SO ) , FeCl or Fe(NO ) was added to the solution of G ,
2
4 3
3
3 3
1
and there were no significant differences in the fluorescence responses. The results showed that the anion
3+
does not affect the recognition of Fe by G1.
(a)
6
5
4
3
2
1
00
00
00
00
00
00
0
0eq
3+
Fe
1
5eq
3
00
350
400
450
Wavelength(nm)
5
50
00
50
00
50
00
50
00
(b)
5
4
4
3
3
2
2
0
2
4
6
8
10 12 14 16
3
+
[
Fe ]/[G1]
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0.025
0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
0.000
-
7
y=2.02572*10 x+0.00148
2
R =0.99935
3
-1
Ka=7.306*10
M
0
20000
40000
60000
80000 100000
3
+ -1 -1
[
Fe ] M
3
+
Fig. 9. (a) Fluorescence emission spectra of the probe G was titrated with Fe in EtOH/water (1:1, v/v)
1
containing HEPES buffer (0.02 mM, pH= 7.2). (b) Fluorescence spectrum of the probe G was decreased
1
3+
with the increasing of Fe /G .(c)The complex constant curve of the titration of the organic gel factor G1 by
1
3
+
the Fe
3
+
Quantitative off–on responses of the organic the organic gel factor G1 to Fe were examined by
fluorometric titrations. The emission spectra of the organic gel factor G1 reacted with different
3+
concentration Fe in 2.0 mL of aqueous solution EtOH/water (1:1, v/v) containing HEPES buffer (0.02mM,
pH=7.4 were recorded). As shown in Fig. 9(a), during titration, the emission band of the organic gel factor
3
+
G1 at 378 nm gradually decreased with the addition of increasing amount of Fe . As shown in Fig. 9(b),
3+
with the addition of increasing Fe /G1, the fluorescence intensity of the the organic gel factor G1
3
+
decreased continuously, and the curve reached a steady state when 15 times of equivalent Fe ions were
added.
As shown in Fig. 9(c), Benesi-Hildebrand (BH) diagram showed that the linear combination
3
+
3+
confirmed the stoichiometric complexation of Fe with the G1 at 1:1. The binding constant of G1-Fe
3
-1
complex was determined as Ka=7.306×10 M . The detection line was calculated by recording the ten
-7
times fluorescence intensity of the G1 at 378nm. The minimum detection limit was 5.92 × 10 M (probe
-5
concentration 1 × 10 M) according to the formula LOD = 3σ/Ka(σ denotes the 10 relative standard
deviation fluorescence intensity of G1). This indicates that the the G1can be used for quantitative detection
3
+
of Fe in a relatively wide range.
According to literatures [50-52], the fluorescence of Schiff base fluorescent probes varies, depending
on the different functional groups of these probes, which are characterized by the combination of C=N and
3
+
active carbonyl groups, which are complexed with Fe on the molecular group playing an important role.
3
+
3+
Therefore, it is speculated that during the complexation of the factor G1-Fe , the Fe may coordinate with
the carbonyl group of the coumarin in the gelator G , the C=N and the carbonyl group of the hydrazide
1
3
+
Schiff base, the electron or energy of factor G is transferred from the excited state to Fe , causing
1
9

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fluorescence quenching (Fig. 10).
OC12H25
OC12H25
OC12H25
OC12H25
H
H
N
OC12H25
OC12H25
Fe3+
N
N
N
O
O
O
O
O
O
Fe3+
3
+
Fig. 10. G - Fe complexation mechanism
1
3.3. Self-assembly mechanism
During the formation of the G organogel, the π-π stacking interactions among the coumarin moieties,
1
the hydrogen bond interactions between the acylhydrazone/Schiff base moieties and the van der Waals
forces between the long alkyl chain may cooperatively stabilize the aggregate structures.
The Fig. 11 displays the FT-IR spectra of G1 powder and the xerogels from isopropanol. In the
-1
xerogels, the stretching vibrational peak of N-H is located at 3425 cm . The vibration peaks at 1635 and
-1
1
585 cm are assigned to the C=O and aromatic vibrational peaks, respectively[53]. These vibrational
peaks indicate that all of the amide groups are involved in hydrogen bonding[54].
Fig.11. FT-IR spectra of G powder and isopropanol xerogel.
1
Fig. 12. X-ray diffraction patterns of G powder and isopropanol xerogel.
1
1
0

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The organogel aggregation pattern can be further studied by comparing the X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD)
of the organic gel factor G1and its isopropanol xerogel (Fig. 12). Compared with the gel factor powder, the
isopropanol xerogel shows a broader diffraction peak at 2θ=22.52°, It showed that π-π stacking exists
between the coumarin groups of the G1 isopropanol organogel[55].
In order to study the assembly structure of coumarin-appended acylhydrazone Schiff base G1, the
organogel of critical gel concentration in isopropanol were prepared. After lyophilization, they were
observed by SEM. As shown in Fig. 13, (a) is the morphology at a low magnification of the isopropanol gel,
(b) is the morphology at 5000 times higher magnification of the isopropanol gel, and (c) is the morphology
at 500 times higher magnification of the isopropanol gel. It was observed at a low magnification that the
isopropanol gel was formed by the globular structure, and it was observed at a high magnification that the
globular structures were composed of reticular windings. (d) The morphology of 50000 times
magnification after ultraviolet lamp irradiation, (e) Low magnification Morphology of isopropanol Gel
3+
3+
after adding Fe ,and (f) 20000 magnification morphology of isopropanol gel after adding Fe .Under low
3
+
power microscope, it was observed that isopropanol gel collapsed into solution after adding Fe , which
3
+
indicated that the organic gel could recognize Fe .
Fig. 13. Scanning electron micrograph of the isopropanol xerogel.
1
1

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(a) is the morphology at a low magnification of the isopropanol gel, (b) is the morphology at 5000 times
higher magnification of the isopropanol gel, and (c) is the morphology at 500 times higher magnification of
the isopropanol gel. (d) The morphology of 50000 times magnification after ultraviolet lamp irradiation, (e)
3
+
Low magnification Morphology of isopropanol Gel after adding Fe ,and (f) 20000 magnification
3
+
morphology of isopropanol gel after adding Fe .
4
. Conclusions
In summary, we have designed and synthesized a new coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base
fluorescent organogel (G ). It has been found that gelator G1 can form stable organogels in isopropanol,
1
tert-amyl alcohol, n-butanol and phenylamine. And G can response to heating, irradiation and vigorous
1
agitation, the solution can be reformed to the gel state after being cooled for about 0.5 h. The
supramolecular aggregation in solution was studied through concentration depended UV-vis spectra and
fluorescence spectroscopy, concentration depended XRD, FT-IR and SEM spectroscopic studies. All the
results indicated that the hydrophobic interaction between alkyl chains, the π-π stacking interactions
between the coumarin moieties, and the hydrogen-bonding between the acylhydrazone/schiff base moieties
play important roles during the formation of ordered gels. More importantly, the organic gel factor G1 can
3
+
3+
recognize Fe . The G1 formed a 1:1 complex with Fe which inhibits the C=N-N isomerization and
generated complexation quenched fluorescence effect. Metal cation selectivity studies with the gel factor
3
+
G1-Fe complex in the fluorescence spectroscopy revealed that the complex is detected easily in the
3+
presence of the Fe . Therefore, the G 1 has potential application value for rapid and real time detection of
3
+
Fe .
References:
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
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Declaration of interests

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that
could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
☐The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be
considered as potential competing interests:
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Author contributions
Yun-Shang Yang: Methodology, Investigation, Writing
Chuan Liang: Writing - Original Draft.
Chen Yang: Writing: Review & Editing
Ying-Peng Zhang: Methodology, Investigation, Writing: Review & Editing
Bao-Xu Wang: Review & Editing
Jie Liu: Writing: Review & Editing
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Graphical Abstract
To create your abstract, type over the instructions in the template box below.
Fonts or abstract dimensions should not be changed or altered.
A novel coumarin-derived acylhydrazone Schiff base
gelator for Synthesis of organogels and identification
of Fe
Leave this area blank for abstract info.
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Yun-Shang Yang*, Chuan Liang, Chen Yang, Ying-Peng Zhang*, Bao-Xu Wang, Jie Liu
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A novel coumarin-derived hydrazide Schiff based fluorescent organogel was synthesized.
The gelator G1 can form stable organogels in isopropanol, tert-amyl alcohol, n-butanol and
phenylamine.
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The G can response to heating, irradiation and shaking.
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The gel factor could selectively and sensitively response to Fe only among common metal cations.
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