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| CAS No.: | 87-99-0 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Xylitol |
| Article Data: | 133 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C5H12O5 |
| Molecular Weight: | 152.147 |
| Synonyms: | Xylit;Klinit;Xylitol (JP14/NF);meso-xylitol;Xylite;(2S,4R)-pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol;Klinit (TN);Xylitol [USAN];Kannit;pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol;Eutrit;Newtol;Xyliton;1,2,3,4,5-Pentahydroxypentane;TORCH;Xylitol powder (food grade);Xylo-oligosaccharide;Acesulfame-K;Xylitol,food additive;Xylitol EP6; |
| EINECS: | 201-788-0 |
| Density: | 1.525 g/cm3 |
| Melting Point: | 94-97 °C(lit.) |
| Boiling Point: | 494.5 °C at 760 mmHg |
| Flash Point: | 261.9 °C |
| Solubility: | soluble in water |
| Appearance: | white crystalline powder |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xi
|
| Risk Codes: | 36/37/38 |
| Safety: | 24/25-36-26 |
| PSA: | 101.15000 |
| LogP: | -2.94630 |
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- 886364-50-71-(5-Bromo-2-pyridinyl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In water at 120℃; under 15001.5 Torr; for 0.166667h; Temperature; Pressure; | 100% |
| With sodium tetrahydroborate In water at 20℃; for 3h; | 88% |
| With hydrotalcite; Pt/γ-Al2O3; hydrogen In water at 60℃; under 12001.2 Torr; for 4h; Catalytic behavior; Reagent/catalyst; Time; Green chemistry; | 79% |
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen; Ru(III) chloride, reduced with H2, inertated with N2, passivated with O2 In water at 80 - 130℃; under 67506.8 Torr; | 99.8% |
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With triethylsilane; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 25℃; for 48h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; | 99% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In water at 150℃; under 37503.8 Torr; for 2h; Catalytic behavior; Solvent; Concentration; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Pressure; Sealed tube; | 98% |
| With sodium amalgam | |
| With hydrogen; nickel In methanol; ethanol; water at 50℃; under 760.051 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; | |
| With Ru/TiO2; hydrogen In water at 120℃; under 15001.5 Torr; Temperature; Time; Autoclave; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With NAD; hydrogen In water at 30℃; for 34h; hydrogenase, xylulose reductase, pH 8.0; | 98% |
| With NADred In water at 25℃; Equilibrium constant; Thermodynamic data; pH 7.43; biochemical reaction catalyzed by L-iditol 2-dehydrogenase; ΔH; | |
| With D-ketopentoseoxidoreductase Kinetics; Reagent/catalyst; Enzymatic reaction; | |
| at 30℃; |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| for 27h; Microbiological reaction; | 98% |
| With potassium phosphate buffer; Gluconobacter oxydans ATCC 621 membrane fraction; Gluconobacter oxydans phosphate buffer-soluble fraction; NAD at 30℃; for 40h; pH=6.0; |
- 14694-95-2
Wilkinson's catalyst
A
- 98-00-0
(2-furyl)methyl alcohol
B
- 15318-33-9, 16353-77-8, 13938-94-8
chlorocarbonylbis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I)
C
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In further solvent(s) argon-filled glovebox, durene, bibenzyl, heating 6h; | A 59% B 94% C 1% D 5% |
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With triethylsilane; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In dichloromethane at 20℃; for 48h; | 88% |
| With triethylsilane; tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In toluene at 25℃; for 48h; Glovebox; Inert atmosphere; | 76% |
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-trimethylsilyl-D-xylopyranose With bis(pentafluorophenyl)borinic acid; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane In 1,4-dioxane at 25℃; for 72h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Stage #2: In methanol Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; chemoselective reaction; | 85% |
| Stage #1: 1,2,3,4-tetra-O-trimethylsilyl-D-xylopyranose With tris(pentafluorophenyl)borate In dichloromethane-d2 at 23℃; for 1h; Inert atmosphere; Stage #2: With methanol for 2h; Stage #3: With water at 50℃; for 0.5h; | 24% |
- 87-99-0
XYLITOL
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sulfuric acid; ruthenium-carbon composite In water; isopropyl alcohol at 140℃; for 3h; Reagent/catalyst; Solvent; Temperature; Time; | 83.03% |
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Chemistry
Molecular Structure:
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Molecular Formula: C5H12O5
Molecular Weight: 152.1458
IUPAC Name: Pentane-1,2,3,4,5-pentol
Classification Code: Flavoring Agents ; Food Additives ; Mutation data ; Pharmaceutic aid [vehicle, sweetened] ; Sweetening Agents
Melting point: 94-97 °C
Index of Refraction: 1.57
Molar Refractivity: 32.76 cm3
Molar Volume: 99.7 cm3
Surface Tension: 89.6 dyne/cm
Density: 1.525 g/cm3
Flash Point: 261.9 °C
Enthalpy of Vaporization: 87.76 kJ/mol
Boiling Point: 494.5 °C at 760 mmHg
Vapour Pressure of Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0): 7.47E-12 mmHg at 25 °C
History
In the 20th century, Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0) was first derived from birch trees in Finland and was first popularised in Europe as a safe sweetener for people with diabetes that would not impact insulin levels.
Uses
Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0) is used as a naturally occurring sugar substitute found in the fibres of many fruits and vegetables, including various berries, oats, corn husks, and mushrooms. Many Finnish confectioneries employ Xylitol, or have a Xylitol version available. In Finland, Virtually all chewing gum sold is sweetened with Xylitol.
Production
Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0) is produced by hydrogenation of xylose, which converts the sugar (an aldehyde) into a primary alcohol.Today, using hardwood or maize sources, the largest manufacturer globally is the Danish company Danisco, with several other suppliers from China.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | intramuscular | 10200mg/kg (10200mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. | |
| mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 8500mg/kg (8500mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 352, 1995. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 12500mg/kg (12500mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM STOMACH LIVER: OTHER CHANGES | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 36(2), Pg. 25, 1971. |
| mouse | LD50 | subcutaneous | 18300mg/kg (18300mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. | |
| mouse | LDLo | intraperitoneal | 22100mg/kg (22100mg/kg) | Russian Pharmacology and Toxicology Vol. 34, Pg. 124, 1971. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 4gm/kg (4000mg/kg) | Federation Proceedings, Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Vol. 31, Pg. 726, 1972. | |
| rabbit | LD50 | oral | 25gm/kg (25000mg/kg) | BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC GASTROINTESTINAL: ULCERATION OR BLEEDING FROM STOMACH LIVER: OTHER CHANGES | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 36(2), Pg. 25, 1971. |
| rat | LD50 | intramuscular | 15gm/kg (15000mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. | |
| rat | LD50 | intravenous | 10800mg/kg (10800mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. | |
| rat | LD50 | oral | 16500mg/kg (16500mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. | |
| rat | LD50 | subcutaneous | > 25gm/kg (25000mg/kg) | Drugs in Japan Vol. -, Pg. 297, 1990. |
Safety Profile
Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0) was consumed as much as 400 grams daily for long periods with no toxicity . Like most sugar alcohols, it has a laxative effect because sugar alcohols are not fully broken down during digestion.
Dogs that have ingested foods containing high levels of xylitol(87-99-0) (greater than 100 milligram of xylitol(87-99-0) consumed per kilogram of bodyweight) have presented with low blood sugar (hypoglycaemia) which can be life-threatening. Low blood sugar can result in a loss of coordination, depression, collapse and seizures in as soon as 30 minutes. Intake of very high doses of xylitol(87-99-0) (greater than 500 - 1000 mg/kg bwt) has also been implicated in liver failure in dogs, which can be fatal. These are points of controversy, however, as earlier World Health Organization studies using much higher doses on dogs for long periods showed no ill effect.
Hazard Codes: 
Xi
Risk Statements: 36/37/38
R36/37/38: Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Statements: 24/25-36-26
S24/25: Avoid contact with skin and eyes.
S36: Wear suitable protective clothing.
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
WGK Germany: 2
RTECS: ZF0800000
Specification
Xylitol (CAS NO.87-99-0), its Synonyms are Xylitol [USAN] ; Eutrit ; Kannit ; Klinit ; NSC 25283 ; Newtol ; UNII-VCQ006KQ1E ; Xylite ; Xylite (sugar) ; Xyliton .