Crosstalk-Free Patterning of Cooperative-Thermoresponse Images by the Synergy of the AIEgen with the Liquid Crystal

Article abstract of DOI:10.1002/anie.201915053

Patterning multiple images within a single element without crosstalk can significantly increase the information capacity and security, but it is challenging to enable the response capability in each image. Now, the patterning of crosstalk-free yet coopera

Full text of DOI:10.1002/anie.201915053

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Angewandte
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Accepted Article
Title: Crosstalk-Free Patterning of Cooperative-Thermoresponse
Images by the Synergy of the AIEgen with the Liquid Crystal
Authors: Ye Zhao, Xiaoyu Zhao, Ming-De Li, Zhong'an Li, Haiyan
Peng, and Xiaolin Xie
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To be cited as: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 10.1002/anie.201915053
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Crosstalk-Free Patterning of Cooperative-Thermoresponse
Images by the Synergy of the AIEgen with the Liquid Crystal
Ye Zhao, Xiaoyu Zhao, Ming-De Li, Zhong’an Li, Haiyan Peng,* Xiaolin Xie
Abstract: Patterning multiple images within a single element without
crosstalk can significantly increase the information capacity and
security. Yet, it still remains challenging to enable the response
capability in each image. Herein, we successfully demonstrate the
patterning of crosstalk-free yet cooperative-thermoresponse images
(e.g., holographic and fluorescent images) by deliberately designing
a liquid crystal (LC)/AIEgen system with a unique synergy. The
AIEgen’s fluorescence intensity is found to be well controlled by the
thermoresponsive fluorescent image in a thermoresponsive
holographic image, since the former can be controlled by
deliberately designing a luminophore while the latter can be
patterned by precisely tuning the micro/nanoscale structure.[2]
Thermoresponsive holographic images, in the form of
periodically alternative polymer-rich and liquid crystal (LC)-rich
phases, can be patterned through photopolymerization induced
phase separation of homogeneous monomer/LC mixtures, upon
LC while the LC’s phase transition is in turn promoted by the AIEgen. exposure to laser interference patterns.[2a-c] Yet, it still remains
The fluorescent image contrast is significantly boosted by efficient
energy transfer (ΦET: 96%) from the LC to the AIEgen. We further
unveil that the AIEgen’s photocyclization for fluorescent patterning
occurs in a zero-order kinetic manner and can be completed within
several minutes when assisted by the LC. The photocyclization
conversion is proven to be quantitatively dependent on the
aggregation size: α ~ exp(-d), and able to reach as high as 98%.
challenging to realize the thermoresponse of fluorescent images
within the polymer-based holographic image due to the
constrained movement of the luminophore by the cross-linked
polymer network.
To breakthrough this bottleneck, it is highly awaited to
reduce the polymer confinement by enriching the luminophore in
the LC-rich phase through deliberate molecule design. In this
manner, the fluorescence intensity of the luminophore can be
potentially controlled by the LC upon thermal stimulus. For
instance, an aggregation-dependent luminophore is expected to
exhibit distinct fluoresence in the LC’s nematic (aggregated) and
Introduction
Images are commonly used to record information, to spread
knowledge and to combat counterfeiting due to the ease of
identification by the public using naked eyes. However, the
current widely used one-image-in-one-unit mode has imposed a
fundamental physical limit in the image capacity. Even worse, it
is difficult to prevent the illegal copy. Thus, it is highly demanded
to integrate multiple images within the same recording volume
without crosstalk for improving the image capacity and
information security.[1] Each image can be individually addressed
by using physical dimensions of light including wavelength,[1a-e]
isotropic (non-aggregated) phases. To this end,
a strong
fluorescence emission in aggregation is highly desirable to boost
the image contrast before and after heating, given the fact that
the fluorescence decay would happen upon heating. An AIEgen
(i.e., aggregation induced emission luminogen)[3] could be able
to fulfill the requirement if it holds strong interactions with the LC.
The AIEgen has not only tackled the challenge of aggregation
caused quenching (ACQ), but also exhibits unique stimuli-
response
capabilities
such
as
photochromism,[4]
1f]
thermochromism[5] and mechanochromism.[6] Furthermore, the
lifetime,[1e,
polarization[1a] and angular momentum.[1g]
AIEgen’s emission in aggregation is ready to dial by light
Nevertheless, professional setups are generally needed in the
state-of-the-art techniques to decode these images, which
makes it inconvenient to identify by the public.
7]
through photocyclization or dimerization,[4,
which allows for
facile fluorescent patterning spatially and temporally. Yet,
several challenges still exist that hinder the effort to pattern the
AIEgen within a thermoresponsive holographic image. (1) The
AIEgen may interrupt the photopolymerization process through
photoinduced electron transfer and eventually ruins the
holographic patterning. (2) The AIEgen may impede the phase
separation process during holographic patterning. (3) The
fluorescent image of the AIEgen may be weakened by the
background interference from the LC and photosensitizer used
for holographic patterning. Herein, these challenges have been
As a solution, it would be reasonable to integrate several
public recognizable images and to enable stimuli-responses in
each image, since the image upon different external stimuli can
express distinct information. This endeavor can be further
strengthened by enabling the cooperative stimuli-response in the
crosstalk-free images. Nevertheless, this attempt has imposed a
fundamental hurdle that one image patterning process is readily
interfered by another when integrating several stimuli-response
images. To address this hurdle, we hypothesized to pattern a
successfully overcome by rationally designing
a
novel
AIEgen/LC system with a unique synergy, thereby affording the
first demonstration of crosstalk-free patterning of holographic
and fluorescent images with cooperative thermoresponse within
the same volume of a polymer film.
[*] Y. Zhao, X. Y. Zhao, Prof. Z. A. Li, Prof. H. Y. Peng, Prof. X. L. Xie
Key Lab for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage,
Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,
and National Anti-Counterfeit Engineering Research Center, Huazhong
University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan 430074, China
E-mail: hypeng@hust.edu.cn
Results and Discussion
Prof. M.-D. Li
Our concept of patterning crosstalk-free images is to
integrate the holographic and fluorescent images with
cooperative thermoresponse. A typical tetraphenylethene based
AIEgen (TPE-4CN) is developed for this target due to its
relatively high quantum yield of 35.2% in bulk (Fig. S3),[8] in
Department of Chemistry and Key Lab for Preparation and Application
of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou
University, Shantou 515063, China
Supporting information for this article is given via a link at the end of the
document.
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
which four 3,7-dimethyloct-6-enyloxy chains are attached to
ensure good solubility in the LC (up to 41 wt%). TPE-4CN is
found to exhibit a poor miscibility with the acrylate/acrylamide
monomer, which would facilitate the enrichment of TPE-4CN in
the LC-rich phase rather than the polymer-rich phase during
phase separation. The fluorescence color (e.g., lime-green, dark
and blue) of the holographic pattern is ready to tune by the LC
through nematic-isotropic phase transition and AIEgen’s
photocyclization (Fig. 1). The lime-green color comes from the
AIEgen’s fluorescence emission, while the dark color arises in
the isotropic phase due to the increased energy dissipation
through molecular movement upon heating. The blue color
comes from the LC’s fluorescence emission. The generated
ACQ molecule (e.g., DPP-4CN) through photocyclization
exhibits a negligible fluorescence emission in aggregation since
its content is much smaller than that of the LC.
where, IDA and ID are the fluorescence intensities of the donor
(e.g., the LC) in the presence and absence of an acceptor (e.g.,
the AIEgen), respectively. As plotted, ΦET increases
exponentially with an increase of the AIEgen content (Fig. 2c),
giving rise to a high energy transfer efficiency up to 96%. Thus,
the blue color emission of the LC can be completely converted
into the lime-green color emission of the AIEgen.
Figure 2. Energy transfer from the LC to the AIEgen. (a) Spectrum overlap
between the fluorescence emission of the LC (e.g., P0616A) and light
absorption of the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN). (b) Fluorescence (FL.) peak shift
due to the energy transfer from the LC to the AIEgen within the PDLC film. (c)
Energy transfer efficiency (ΦET) against the weight ratio (W) of the AIEgen to
the LC, with an exponential constant of k.
The synergy of the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN) with the LC
(e.g., P0616A) is interestingly found to facilitate the
thermoresponse of both AIEgen and LC. Upon heating from 303
to 373 K, no significant fluorescence change is observed when
loading the AIEgen in a polymer film without LC (Fig. 3a), due to
the constrained molecular movement of the AIEgen. By contrast,
the lime-green color emission significantly decays above 323 K
when loading the AIEgen into the LC, in good agreement with
the temperature-dependent fluorescence emission spectra (Fig.
S7a). The AIEgen/LC mixture also shows a distinct temperature-
dependent emission behavior from that of the pure LC (Fig. 3a
and S7b). Moreover, the lime-green color emission of the PDLC
containing the AIEgen greatly decays upon heating, further
indicating a significant decrease of the confinement on the
AIEgen’s molecular movement. We thus believe that the AIEgen
is primarily enriched in the LC-rich phase rather than in the
polymer-rich phase. Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and
confocal microscopy also support this assumption (Fig. S8 and
S9).
Figure 1. Proposed mechanism for tuning the fluorescence color within
the holographic pattern. The AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN) in the nematic LC
exhibits a bright lime-green color emission (b). The emission is quenched
upon heating due to the increased energy dissipation in the isotropic LC (a).
Blue color emission of the nematic LC comes out after converting the AIEgen
to an ACQ molecule (e.g., DPP-4CN) through photocyclization (c).
Fluorescence emission of the ACQ molecule is negligible.
Energy transfer from the LC to the AIEgen is critical to boost
the fluorescent image contrast by eliminating the background
interference from LC. In this context, another major rationality for
choosing TPE-4CN as the AIEgen is due to that there is a
significant spectrum overlap between the fluorescence emission
of the LC (e.g., P0616A) and the light absorption of TPE-4CN
(Fig. 2a), which thus is expected to produce efficient Föster
resonance energy transfer from the LC to the AIEgen. To verify
this, we prepared a series of polymer dispersed LC films (PDLC,
thickness: 10 μm, polymer content: 67 wt% as optimized for
holography[2a-c]), in which the weight ratio of the AIEgen to the
LC increased from zero to 0.14. With an increase of the weight
ratio, the LC’s fluorescence emission peaked at 387 nm
gradually reduces and completely disappears when the weight
ratio reaches 0.12 (Fig. 2b). Simultaneously, the AIEgen’s
fluorescence emission peaked at 507 nm increases, indicating
highly efficient energy transfer from the LC to the AIEgen, which
is beneficial for boosting the fluorescent image contrast. The
energy transfer efficiency (ΦET) can be calculated as follows,[9]
Figure 3. Facile cooperative-thermoresponse enabled by the synergy of
the AIEgen with the LC. (a) Fluorescence emission against temperature
when doping the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN) in the polymer, LC (e.g., P0616A)
and PDLC, respectively. The fluorescence emission of pure LC is also shown
as a control. Fluorescent pictures of the LC and AIEgen/LC mixture were
captured in quartz colorimetric wares (inner width: 2 mm). (b) Effect of the
AIEgen on the phase transition behavior of the LC. Dashed lines are given as
references to calculate the phase transition enthalpy. (c) Atomic force
microscopy (AFM) image of the holographic pattern after removing the AIEgen
and LC by n-hexane. The pitch and depth of the holographic pattern are
measured to be 1.02 ± 0.06 μm and 49.02 ± 7.22 nm, respectively. (d)
Temperature dependent diffraction intensity of the holographic pattern in the
absence and presence of the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN). (e) Fluorescence (FL.)
intensity against temperature of the holographic pattern containing the AIEgen.
The weight ratio of the AIEgen to the LC was 0.10. Excitation wavelength: 350
nm.
ΦET = 1 - IDA/ID
(1)
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
7a, 7b, 13]
We also dissolved the AIEgen in an isotropic solvent (e.g.,
4-pentylbiphenyl) that shows a similar chemical structure as the
LC but no any LC behaviors, and as shown in Fig. S10 and S11,
a significantly reduced emission was observed due to the
decline of its aggregation. Based on this, the fluorescence
intensity of the AIEgen is believed to be dominantly controlled by
the LC through tuning the aggregation degree. Furthermore, the
presence of AIEgen was also found to decrease the phase
transition temperature of the LC (Fig. 3b) as an “impurity” that
decreases the LC’s domain size (Fig. S12)[10], which thus can in
turn facilitate the thermoreponse of the AIEgen.
Well-defined holographic patterns with a high fluorescence
emission are ready to achieve by optimizing the weight ratio of
the AIEgen to the LC. They were patterned through chain-
growth photopolymerization induced phase separation of
homogeneous mixtures, in the form of periodically alternative
polymer-rich and LC-rich phases.[2a-c] To eliminate the side effect
of photopolymerization on the subsequent fluorescent patterning
using UV light (365 nm), we employed a 532 nm laser to trigger
the photopolymerization for holographic patterning. Rose Bengal
(RB) as the photosensitizer and N-phenylglycine (NPG) as the
co-initiator were used to mediate the photopolymerization.[2c]
Possible background interference from the excess RB was
easily eliminated by photobleaching the holographic pattern
upon green light irradiation (Fig. S13 and S14).[11] Interestingly,
of TPE derivatives,[4,
it still remains challenging to
achieve a high conversion[7c] due to the intrinsic competition
between the photocyclization and fluorescence emission when
excited.[14] Distinctively, a high conversion up to 97% is achieved
during the photocyclization of the AIEgen in the LC (Fig. S23
and S24), upon exposure to UV irradiation (wavelength: 365 nm,
intensity: 90 mW·cm-2, duration: 30 min). As shown in Fig. 4a,
the AIEgen’s photocyclization gives rise to a chemical shift
change from 6.84, 6.54, 5.02 and 3.83 ppm to 6.95, 6.69, 5.05
and 3.89 ppm in the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-
NMR) spectra. New chemical shifts at 7.97, 7.41, 7.03 and 4.15
ppm arise in the generated ACQ molecule (e.g., DPP-4CN).
Note that the photocyclization reaction of TPE derivatives is
reversible before the elimination of the hydrogen atoms,
however, it becomes irreversible in the presence of oxygen and
the trace oxygen (e.g.,
5 ppm) is able to facilitate the
elimination.[13] High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)
shows that only two hydrogen atoms of the AIEgen are
eliminated by photocyclization (Fig. 4b). When irradiating the
AIEgen doped (holographic) PDLC film, the fluorescence
emission peaked at 481 nm gradually reduces while that peaked
at ~400 nm continuously increases (Fig. 4c). This fluorescence
peak shift indicates the conversion of the AIEgen to the ACQ
molecule. The fluorescence emission peaked at ~400 nm is
dominated by LC (Fig. S7b and S25). The fluorescence
emission of the ACQ molecule is negligible in aggregation since
its content is much smaller than that of the LC. Thus, a
significant color change from the lime-green to the blue occurs
(Fig. 4d). The conversion of the AIEgen to the ACQ molecule
through photocyclization is efficient and expected to be
completed within 4 min upon exposure to 90 mW·cm-2 of 365 nm
light, according to the zero-order reaction kinetics (Fig.
S26~S28). This photocyclization is much faster than previous
reports.[7, 13]
well-defined holographic patterns with
a high diffraction
efficiency of 92 ± 5 % are achieved to ensure bright holographic
images when the weight ratio of the AIEgen to the LC increases
up to 0.10 (Fig. 3c). The diffraction efficiency is defined as the
intensity ratio of diffraction to the sum of diffraction and
transmission when probed at the Bragg angle. TPE-4CN did not
interrupt the photoinitiation process owning to its well-tuned
redox potential (Fig. S15). Nonetheless, its content shows a
significant influence on the diffraction efficiency and
fluorescence intensity of the holographic pattern. The
fluorescence intensity linearly increases with the weight ratio of
the AIEgen to the LC, yet the diffraction efficiency decreases
dramatically when the weight ratio is over 0.10 (Fig. S17~S19),
which could be attributed to the formation of AIEgen aggregates
(Fig. S10b) that can deteriorate the phase separation of LC
during holographic patterning (Fig. S20).
The LC plays a critical role in realizing such a highly
efficient photocyclization. Without LC, the photocyclization
process of the AIEgen in a polymer film is significantly prolonged
and no photocyclization of bulky TPE-4CN can be observed in
the presence of trace oxygen (Fig. S29 and S30). Thus, we
surmised that the photocyclization of TPE-4CN might highly
depend on its aggregation size. To prove this hypothesis, we
tuned the aggregation size of the AIEgen in the
acetonitrile/water mixture by changing the water fraction and
then correlated the conversion (α) with the aggregation size (Fig.
S31~S34). The conversion up to 98% was quantified by
monitoring the fluorescence intensity change upon UV irradiation.
Results show that the conversion of the AIEgen increases
exponentially with a decrease of the aggregation size (d):
A
cooperative intensity change of diffraction and
fluorescence is realized in the holographic pattern upon heating.
As shown in Fig. 3d, the diffraction intensity gradually decreases
upon heating in the absence of AIEgen. By contrast, with
respect to the holographic pattern with AIEgen, the diffraction
intensity slightly increases upon heating up to 313 K, and then
quickly decreases when further increasing the temperature,
eventually levels off from 322 K. This diffraction change upon
heating is caused by the refractive index change of the LC.[12]
With respect to the fluorescence emission, we also note that the
intensity continuously reduces upon heating (Fig. 3e). As
aforementioned, the fluorescence emission decay is controlled
by the LC through reducing the AIEgen’s aggregation. The LC’s
fluorescence is also negligible at elevated temperatures due to
the increased energy dissipation. The AIEgen is critical to
enable the thermorepsonse capability of fluorescent images
since the fluorescence of a common dye is difficult to change
within the PDLC upon heating (Fig. S22).
α = α0 + A × exp(-d/k)
(2)
where, α0, A and k are the minimum conversion, pre-exponential
factor and a constant, respectively. Based on the quantitative
analysis, it is reasonable to believe that the accelerated
photocyclization of the AIEgen in the LC is due to its reduced
aggregation size. Besides, the π-π interactions between the
AIEgen and the LC may also promote the photocyclization. To
provide a proof, we have exerted density functional theory (DFT)
computations, showing that the dihedral angle of the AIEgen’s
aromatic rings becomes much smaller in the presence of the LC
compared with the bulk AIEgen (Table S4).
The rapid photocyclization of the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN)
upon UV irradiation within the LC promises the facile fluorescent
patterning. Despite the extensive study on the photocyclization
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
longer time in dark (Fig. S37), which may be used to determine
the shelf life of particular goods.
Figure 4. Facilitated conversion of the AIEgen (e.g., TPE-4CN) to the ACQ
molecule (e.g., DPP-4CN) via photocyclization by the LC. (a) 1H NMR and
(b) HRMS spectra to demonstrate the efficient photocyclization of the AIEgen
in the LC. (c) Fluorescence (FL.) peak shift and (d) the corresponding
emission color change (CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram) during the AIEgen’s
photocyclization within the PDLC upon UV irradiation (365 nm, 90 mW·cm-2).
The weight ratio of the AIEgen to the LC was 0.10.
Facile patterning of crosstalk-free yet cooperative-
thermoresponse images is successfully demonstrated through
the following three steps (Fig. 5a): (1) Holographic image
patterning. The homogeneous monomer/LC/AIEgen mixture was
injected into a glass cell with a gap of 10 μm, and then irradiated
by laser interference patterns. The holographic image patterning
process was implemented with the aid of a spatial light
modulator (SLM) that projected the computer-generated image
into the interference field (Fig. S35). (2) Photosensitizer
bleaching. The unreacted RB was bleached upon green light
irradiation overnight, which eliminated the background
interference. (3) Fluorescent image patterning. The fluorescent
image was patterned by intensive UV irradiation through a
photomask (Fig. S36). The patterned holographic image is
ready to identify under room light while the fluorescent image is
easy to recognize under UV light. It is worth noting that no
diffraction was observed when viewing the fluorescent image,
since a low intensity (e.g., 20 µW∙cm-2) of UV light was used to
illuminate the holographic pattern from the same side of the
viewer. More encouragingly, both holographic and fluorescent
images show good reversible thermoresponse capabilities (Fig.
5b). Upon heating, not only the refractive index of the LC is
decreased but also the aggregation of the AIEgen is declined.
The former weakens the holographic image by decreasing the
diffraction efficiency, while the latter weakens the fluorescent
image by decreasing the fluorescence intensity. The holographic
image still remains even when heated to 373 K since the
diffraction intensity does not go to zero. Distinctively, the
fluorescent image disappears at 373 K. As well-recognized, the
widely spread fake trademarks associated with goods (e.g., food
and medicine) have severely threatened the public health and
economy,[15] thus, it is highly awaited to develop advanced
materials and technologies to defeat the forgery. Under such
Figure 5. Crosstalk-free patterning of cooperative-thermoresponse
images. (a) Schematic illustration on the patterning and decoding of two
thermoresponsive images. (b) Cooperative-thermoresponse behaviors of the
integrated images. The holographic image is recognizable under room light
while the fluorescent image is identifiable under UV light. (c) Encryption using
a fluorescent QR code and decryption through the simple cellphone scanning.
Conclusion
In summary, we reported the first demonstration of
crosstalk-free patterning of cooperative-thermoresponse images
by delirately designing an LC/AIEgen system with a unique
synergy, i.e., holographic image recognizable under room light
and fluorescent image identifiable under UV light, respectively.
The
holographic
image
was
patterned
through
photopolymerization induced phase separation, which was
highly dependent on the AIEgen’s characteristics and loading
concentration. The fluorescent image could be patterned
through the AIEgen’s photocyclization that occurred in a zero-
order kinetic manner. The LC was proven to facilitate the
photocyclization to give rise to a high conversion within several
minutes by modifying the aggregation size and molecular
dihedral angle of the AIEgen. The energy transfer from the LC to
the AIEgen with
a high efficiency up to 96% was also
demonstrated, which was critical to boost the fluorescent image
contrast. The LC’s nematic-isotropic phase transition not only
enabled the thermoresponse of holographic image by changing
the refractive index, but also enabled the thermoresponse of
fluorescent image by controlling the AIEgen’s aggregation and
fluorescence intensity. In turn, the AIEgen was able to decrease
the LC’s phase transition temperature. The patterned
noninterference images with cooperative-thermoresponse
capabilities are unclonable but readily identifiable by the public
under visible or UV light, which would significantly improve the
image capacity and information security for advanced anti-
counterfeiting.
circumstances,
these
crosstalk-free
yet
cooperative-
thermoresponse images that are integrated within the same
volume of a polymer film hold the unique capability of preventing
any illegal replication and thus show a great potential to combat
the ever-increased counterfeiting. We are also able to pattern
quick response (QR) codes to improve the information security
that is ready to decode though simple cellphone scanning (Fig.
5c). In addition, the fluorescent image shows a lifetime of 115
days under ambient conditions and can be preserved for a
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Rev. 2015, 115, 11718-11940; d) J. Yang, Z. Chi, W. Zhu, B. Z. Tang, Z.
Li, Sci. China Chem. 2019, 62, 1090-1098; e) Q. Li, Z. Li, Adv. Sci.
2017, 4, 1600484.
Experimental Section
Supplementary information is available in the online version of the
paper.
[4]
P. Wei, J.-X. Zhang, Z. Zhao, Y. Chen, X. He, M. Chen, J. Gong, H. H.
Y. Sung, I. D. Williams, J. W. Y. Lam, B. Z. Tang, J. Am. Chem. Soc.
2018, 140, 1966-1975.
Acknowledgements
We thank the financial supports from the NSFC (51433002 and
51773073), the HUST peak boarding program and the
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
(2019kfyRCPY089). We also thank the technical assistance
from the HUST Analytical & Testing Center and the Core
Facilities of Life & Sciences (HUST).
[5]
[6]
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Keywords: Liquid crystals • aggregation induced emission •
[7]
stimuli-response • photochemistry • anti-counterfeiting
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10.1002/anie.201915053
Angewandte Chemie International Edition
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Entry for the Table of Contents
An AIEgen/liquid crystal system with
unique synergistic interactions was
deliberately designed to pattern
Ye Zhao, Xiaoyu Zhao, Ming-De Li,
Zhong’an Li, Haiyan Peng,* Xiaolin Xie
Page No. – Page No.
noninterference
unprecedented
thermoresponse.
images
with
cooperative
Crosstalk-Free
Patterning
of
Cooperative-Thermoresponse Images
by the Synergy of the AIEgen with the
Liquid Crystal
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.