International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2019)
Update date:2022-08-11
Topics:
Murányi, József
Varga, Attila
Gyulavári, Pál
Pénzes, Kinga
Németh, Csilla E.
Csala, Miklós
Peth?, Lilla
Csámpai, Antal
Halmos, Gábor
Peták, István
Vályi-Nagy, István
Several promising anti-cancer drug–GnRH (gonadotropin-releasing hormone) conjugates have been developed in the last two decades, although none of them have been approved for clinical use yet. Crizotinib is an effective multi-target kinase inhibitor, approved against anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-or ROS proto-oncogene 1 (ROS-1)-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC); however, its application is accompanied by serious side effects. In order to deliver crizotinib selectively into the tumor cells, we synthesized novel crizotinib analogues and conjugated them to a [D-Lys6]–GnRH-I targeting peptide. Our most prominent crizotinib–GnRH conjugates, the amide-bond-containing [D-Lys6(crizotinib*)]–GnRH-I and the ester-bond-containing [D-Lys6(MJ55*)]–GnRH-I, were able to bind to GnRH-receptor (GnRHR) and exert a potent c-Met kinase inhibitory effect. The efficacy of compounds was tested on the MET-amplified and GnRHR-expressing EBC-1 NSCLC cells. In vitro pharmacological profiling led to the conclusion that that crizotinib–GnRH conjugates are transported directly into lysosomes, where the membrane permeability of crizotinib is diminished. As a consequence of GnRHR-mediated endocytosis, GnRH-conjugated crizotinib bypasses its molecular targets—the ATP-binding site of RTKs— and is sequestered in the lysosomes. These results explained the lower efficacy of crizotinib–GnRH conjugates in EBC-1 cells, and led to the conclusion that drug escape from the lysosomes is a major challenge in the development of clinically relevant anti-cancer drug–GnRH conjugates.
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