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| CAS No.: | 569-64-2 |
|---|---|
| Name: | Pigment Green 18 |
| Molecular Structure: | |
|
|
|
| Formula: | C23H25N2.Cl |
| Molecular Weight: | 364.918 |
| Synonyms: | Malachite green chloride;Malachite Green Crystal;AcrylBrilliant Green B;Astra Malachite Green BXX;Basic Green 4;Basonyl Green 830;Benzaldehyde green;Bronze Green Toner A 8002;Burma Green B;C.I. 42000;China Green;Diamond Green B extra;Diamond Green BX;Green MX;Grenoble Green;Hidaco Malachite Green Base;LC 6220;Lincoln Green Toner B15-2900;Malachite Green 4;Malachite Green AN;MalachiteGreen B;Malachite Green CP;Malachite Green Powder;Malachite Green XLS;Malachite green;Mitsui Malachite Green;New VictoriaGreen Extra II;Oji Malachite Green;Solid Green O;Tertrophene Green M;Verona Basic Green M;Victoria Green (basicdye);Victoria Green S; |
| EINECS: | 209-322-8 |
| Density: | 1.0448 (rough estimate) |
| Melting Point: | 158-160ºC |
| Boiling Point: | 520.91°C (rough estimate) |
| Solubility: | 1486 mg l-1 (e) |
| Appearance: | green crystals |
| Hazard Symbols: |
 Xn, N
|
| Risk Codes: | 22-41-50/53-63 |
| Safety: | 26-36/37/39-46-60-61 |
| Transport Information: | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 |
| PSA: | 6.25000 |
| LogP: | 1.39760 |
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Chemistry
Product Name: Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2)
Molecular Formula: C23H25ClN2
Molecular Weight: 364.91g/mol
Mol File: 569-64-2.mol
Einecs: 219-441-7
Appearance: Green crystals
Water Solubility: Very soluble in water
Stability: Stable. Substances to be avoided include strong oxidizing agents.
H-Bond Donor: 0
H-Bond Acceptor: 2
Product Categories: Dyes and Pigments; UVCBs-inorganic; Organics
Uses
Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2), also called basic green 4 or victoria green B, is a toxic chemical primarily used as a dye. When diluted, it can be used as a topical antiseptic or to treat parasites, fungal infections, and bacterial infections in fish and fish eggs. It is also used as a bacteriological stain.
Toxicity Data With Reference
When Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2) is used in aquatic animals, it will be metabolized to leuco-malachite green. The non-polar LMG has been found to retain in catfish muscle for a longer period of time, 10 days for LMG compared to 2.8 in MG. It has been determined that the half lives of the retention of malachite green and leuco-malachite green catfish muscle is 2.8 days.1
The study of the toxicity of malachite green in fish has been hard as it is heavily influenced by the water hardness, pH, temperature and amount of dissolved oxygen in water. Detailed studies have indicated that the toxicity of the chemical increases as the temperature increases or pH decreases. The effects of malachite green on fish eggs have also been tested and it has been shown that a twofold increase in the concentration of malachite green could lead up to 20 times the mortality rate in rainbow trout eggs[citation needed]. This shows that it may be extremely toxic for some species of fish and especially for fish eggs. Other effects such as carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and reduced fertility have been reported to occur in rainbow trout. Overall, although malachite green is an extremely effective weapon against fungus and parasitic infections in fish, the chemical causes serious side effects in the fish as well.
Effects on humans
Malachite green and its major metabolite, leuco-malachite green has been reported to have mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Culp SJ in her recent article published in Mutation Research mentions that rats fed malachite green experience “a dose-related increase in liver DNA adducts” along with lung adenomas. Leuco-malachite green causes an “increase in the number and severity of changes”. As leuco-malachite green is the primary metabolite of malachite green and is retained in fish muscle much longer, most intake of malachite green would be in the leuco form. During the experiment, rats were fed up to 543 ppm of leuco-malachite green, an extreme amount compared to the average 5 ppb discovered in fish. After a period of two years, an increase in lung adenomas in male rats was discovered but no incidences of liver tumors. This shows that although adducts are formed, they have “little mutagenic or carcinogenic consequence.” Therefore it could be concluded that malachite green caused carcinogenic symptoms but a direct link between malachite green and liver tumor could not be proved.
Method of mutagenic activity
Taken together, these data suggested that the N-demethylated metabolites of leuco-malachite green and malachite green could undergo metabolic activation in a manner similar to that observed with carcinogenic aromatic amines, i.e. oxidation to metabolites that react with DNA either directly or after esterification. However, the adduct has not been characterized, since existing in vitro mutagenicity assays and metabolic activation systems has been unsuccessful in activating leuco-malachite green or malachite green to DNA-damaging species.
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 4200ug/kg (4.2mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 1, Pg. 5, 1951. | |
| mouse | LD50 | oral | 80mg/kg (80mg/kg) | Arzneimittel-Forschung. Drug Research. Vol. 1, Pg. 5, 1951. |
Safety Profile
Safety Information of Malachite green (CAS NO.569-64-2):
Hazard Codes: Xn
,N
Risk Statements: 22-41-50/53-63
22: Harmful if swallowed
41: Risk of serious damage to eyes
50: Very Toxic to aquatic organisms
53: May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
63: Possible risk of harm to the unborn child
Safety Statements: 26-36/37/39-46-60-61
26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice
36: Wear suitable protective clothing
37: Wear suitable gloves
39: Wear eye/face protection
46: If swallowed, seek medical advice immediately and show this container or label
60: This material and/or its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste
61: Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions safety data sheet
Specification
Malachite green ,its CAS NO. is 569-64-2,the synonyms is Tetramethyldi-p-aminotriphenylcarbinol chloride ; S no 754 ; Victoria green g ; Hidaco malachite green base ; Fast green o;fast green ; Ci 10000 ; Ci no 42000 tetramethyldi-p-aminotriphenylcarbinol chloride ; Victoria green g ; Hidaco malachite green base ; Fast green o;fast green ; Ci 10000 ; Ci no 42000 .