10.1021/ol0157813
The study presents a novel strategy for synthesizing polypeptides using recombinant proteins, which are nonprotected peptides, in conjunction with S-alkyl peptide thioesters as building blocks. The method involves oxidizing the N-terminal serine of a peptide to form an Nr-glyoxyloyl peptide, which then undergoes reductive amination with 4,5-dimethoxy-2-(triphenylmethylthio)benzylamine to attach a thiol linker. This results in an Nr-4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl glycyl peptide, which can be condensed with a peptide thioester to form a peptide bond. The innovative aspect of this approach is the use of the 4,5-dimethoxy-2-mercaptobenzyl (Dmmb) group as a linker, which can be removed under acidic conditions, allowing for the synthesis of peptides with native peptide bonds. The study demonstrates this method using a model sequence and shows the successful preparation of a thiol linker-attached peptide for condensation with peptide thioesters, providing a useful method for peptide synthesis in a neutral aqueous environment without the need for protecting groups.
10.1016/S0968-0896(01)00191-2
The research focuses on the optimization of multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators, specifically targeting the synthesis and study of ring-substituted derivatives of two known MDR inhibitors. The aim was to enhance their activity and selectivity in reversing MDR in cancer treatment while minimizing side effects. The study involved the synthesis of various compounds through reactions with different substituted fluorenone derivatives and 5-amino-2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(methylethyl)pentanenitrile, using reagents like titanium (IV) isopropoxide and sodium cyanoborohydride. The synthesized compounds were then evaluated for their MDR-modulating activity and cardiovascular effects. The experiments included assessing the compounds' ability to revert MDR in anthracycline-resistant K562 cells through spectrofluorometric monitoring of pirarubicin uptake, as well as testing their inotropic, chronotropic, and vasodilator activities on guinea pig isolated atria and aortic strip preparations. The analyses encompassed determining the compounds' chemical and physical characteristics, infrared and 1H NMR spectral data, and pharmacological properties such as potency, efficacy, and affinity for P-glycoprotein.
10.1016/j.tet.2006.11.069
The research focuses on the synthesis of conformationally constrained tryptophan analogs, specifically 4-amino-3-oxo-tetrahydroazepino[3,4-b]indoles, which are designed to probe the bioactive conformation of peptides. The study employs SeO2 oxidation to obtain Boc-protected 20-formyl tryptophan, which is then subjected to reductive amination with various amines and amino acid esters using sodium cyanoborohydride. This is followed by ring closure to form the target compounds. The synthesized analogs are incorporated into the endomorphin-1 opioid peptide sequence to evaluate their bioactive conformation. The research utilizes molecular modeling, NMR spectroscopy, and receptor binding assays to analyze the conformational properties and biological activities of the synthesized compounds. The experiments involve the use of various analytical techniques such as RP-HPLC, TLC, MS, and NMR to monitor the progress of reactions, characterize the compounds, and assess their binding affinities to opioid receptors.
10.1021/ol0708020
The research presents a stereoselective method for synthesizing 4,5-disubstituted imidazolidinones-2-ones from R-amino acids, utilizing a zinc-mediated homologation process involving the Blaise reaction and subsequent reduction. The key reactants include R-amino acids, bromoacetate, and various reducing agents such as sodium cyanoborohydride and sodium in liquid ammonia. The experiments involved the preparation of N-protected R-aminonitriles, their reaction with tert-butyl bromoacetate in the presence of zinc to form enaminoesters, and then reduction to obtain imidazolidinones. The analyses used to determine the success and stereochemistry of the reactions included HPLC, X-ray crystallography, and NMR spectroscopy. The study achieved complete stereoselectivity in the reduction step and provided a route to valuable 1,2-diamine building blocks, which are significant in organic synthesis and biological applications.
10.1246/cl.1994.1789
This research explores a new synthetic method for creating macrocyclic lactones from ?-iodoalkylacrylates through a photostimulated cyclization reaction. The purpose is to develop an efficient way to produce macrocyclic lactones, which are important compounds in various fields such as pharmaceuticals and materials science. The study found that using sodium cyanoborohydride (NaBH4CN) in methanol under photoirradiation led to the highest yield of lactones. The key chemicals involved include ?-iodoalkylacrylates as the starting material, various metal hydride complexes like NaBH4CN, NaBH4, KBH4, LiBH4, and LiAlH4, and solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, THF, and DMF. The research concluded that NaBH4CN in methanol is the optimal combination for high yield and selectivity of macrocyclic lactones. Additionally, the study demonstrated that medium-sized ring lactones, which are typically difficult to synthesize, can be obtained in good yield through this method, highlighting its potential for synthesizing a wide range of macrocyclic lactones.
10.1039/P19880001631
The research presents a general method for synthesizing N,O-aminals derived from primary aromatic amines and investigates their reactivity under neutral and acidic conditions. The study demonstrates that these N,O-aminals can be considered as synthetic equivalents of H,C=NAr or (H,C=NHAr)+ ions. Key chemicals involved in the research include primary aromatic amines, paraformaldehyde, sodium alkoxide, and various alcohols. The N,O-aminals are found to undergo transformations into perhydrotriazines upon heating and into bis(4-aminoary1)methane derivatives or N-benzylarylamines when heated in acidic media with pH control. Sodium cyanoborohydride is also used in experiments to trap intermediates and reveal that the C-O bond in N,O-acetals is broken exclusively in acidic media. The research explores the potential of these compounds in synthetic organic chemistry, particularly in Mannich reactions and other processes involving the monomethylation of primary amines.
10.1039/P19910003117
The research investigates the N-deprotection of Z- and Boc-aminomethylene pseudodipeptide methyl esters and their subsequent cyclization to 2-ketopiperazines. The study aims to understand the factors influencing the extent of lactamization, which were found to be dependent on the nature of the amino acid, sequence order, and deprotection conditions. Key chemicals used include Z- and Boc-protected pseudodipeptides, amino acids like Leu, Lys, Arg, Phe, and Trp, and reagents such as NaBH3CN, ZnCl2, MeOH, Pd/C, HCl, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and N-methylmorpholine. The study concludes that lactamization occurs easily under various deprotection methods, and the resulting cyclic analogues could be valuable as building blocks in peptide-mimics research.