Hydrogen Cyanide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Hydrogen Cyanide
• CAS No.: 74-90-8
• Deprecated CAS: 341972-31-4,191234-22-7,2622237-35-6,191234-22-7
• Molecular Formula: CHN
• Molecular Weight: 27.0256
• Hs Code.: 2811.19
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-821-6
• UN Number: 1051,1613
• UNII: 2WTB3V159F
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9024148
• Nikkaji Number: J209.341C
• Wikipedia: Hydrogen cyanide,Hydrogen_cyanide
• Wikidata: Q3416481
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C77470
• Pharos Ligand ID: GKF5NY156MWX
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 51265
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL183419
• Mol file: 74-90-8.mol

Synonyms:Acid, Hydrocyanic;Cyanide, Hydrogen;Hydrocyanic Acid;Hydrogen Cyanide;Zyklon B

Chemical Property of Hydrogen Cyanide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: Colorless liquid
• Vapor Pressure: 750 mmHg at 25 °C
• Melting Point: -13.4 °C, 260 K, 8 °F
• Refractive Index: 1.2594
• Boiling Point: 25.7 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 9.2(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: -17.8 °C
• PSA: 23.79000
• Density: 0.695 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.13978
• Water Solubility.: miscible with H2O, alcohol; slightly soluble ether [MER06]
• XLogP3: 0.1
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 27.010899036
• Heavy Atom Count: 2
• Complexity: 10

Purity/Quality:

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F+,T+,N
• Hazard Codes: F+,T+,N
• Statements: 12-26-50/53-26/27/28
• Safety Statements: 7/9-16-36/37-38-45-60-61

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Toxic Gases & Vapors -> Chemical Asphyxiants
• Canonical SMILES: C#N
• Description: Hydrocyanic acid, HCN, is corrosive in addition to toxic. It is also a dangerous fire and explosion risk. It has a wide flammable range of 6%–41% in air. The boiling point is 79°F (26°C), the flash point is 0°F, and the ignition temperature is 1004°F (540°C). It is toxic by inhalation and ingestion and through skin absorption. The TLV of hydrocyanic acid is 10 ppm in air. It is used in the manufacture of acrylonitrile, acrylates, cyanide salts, dyes, rodenticides, and other pesticides.
• Physical properties: Colorless liquid or gas; odor of bitter almond; burns in air with a blue flame;refractive index 1.2675; autoignition temperature 538°C; vapor density at31°C 0.947 (air=1); liquid density 0.715 g/mL at 0°C and 0.688 g/mL at 20°C;boils at 25.7°C; melts at 13.24°C; vapor pressure 264 torr at 0°C; critical tem-perature 183.5°C; critical pressure 53.20 atm; critical volume 139 cm3/moldielectric constant 158.1 at 0°C and 114.9 at 20°C; conductivity 3.3 mhos/cmat 25°C; viscosity 0.201 centipoise at 20°C; surface tension 19.68 dyn/cm;readily mixes with water and alcohols; density of a 10% aqueous solution0.984 g/mL at 20°C; pKaat 25°C 9.21.
• Uses: Hydrogen cyanide is used to produce methyl methacrylate, cyanuric chloride, triazines, sodium cyanide, and chelates such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); and in fumigation. It occurs in beet sugar residues and coke oven gas. It occurs in the roots of certain plants, such as sorghum, cassava, and peach tree roots (Adewusi and Akendahunsi 1994; Branson et al. 1969; Esquivel and Maravalhas 1973; Israel et al. 1973) and in trace amounts in apricot seeds (Souty et al. 1970) and tobacco smoke (Rickert et al. 1980). Suchard et al. (1998) have reported a case of acute cyanide poisoning caused by ingestion of apricot kernel. The symptoms were weakness, dyspnea, comatose, and hypothermia observed within 20 minutes of ingestion. Firefighters chance a great risk to the exposure to HCN, which is a known fireeffluent gas. Materials such as polyurethane foam, silk, wool, polyacrylonitrile, and nylon fibers burn to produce HCN (Sakai and Okukubo 1979; Yamamoto 1979; Morikawa 1988; Levin et al. 1987; Sumi and Tsuchiya 1976) along with CO, acrolein, CO2, formaldehyde, and other gases. Emissions of these toxic gases take place primarily under the conditions of oxygen deficiency, and when the air supply is plentiful the emissions are decreased considerably (Hoschke et al. 1981). Bertol et al. (1983) determined that 1 g of polyacrylonitrile generated 1500 ppm of HCN. Thus a lethal concentration of HCN could be obtained by burning 2 kg of polyacrylonitrile in an average-sized living room. Jellinek and Takada (1977) reported evolution of HCN from polyurethanes as a result of oxidative thermal degradation while no HCN evolved from pure thermal degradation. Copper inhibited HCN liberation due to the catalytic oxidation of evolved HCN. Herrington (1979) observed that the isocyanate portion of polyurethane foam volatilizes first, releasing heat, smoke, HCN, nitrogen oxides, and organic compounds. Volatilization of polyolefin portion occurs next, releasing CO and CO2. Kishitani and Nakamura (1974) reported that the largest amount of HCN was evolved from urethane foam at 500°C (932°F), whereas with polyacrylonitrile and nylon 66, the amount of HCN increased with increasing temperature. The high-tonnage uses of HCN are in the preparation of numerous chemical products and intermediates for organic syntheses. As a gas, HCN sometimes is applied as a disinfectant; or cellulosic disks impregnated with HCN may be used. In ore processing and metal treating, cyanides are widely used. HCN was first isolated from a blue dye, Prussian blue, in 1704. HCN is obtainable from fruits that have a pit, such as cherries, apricots, and bitter almonds, from which almond oil and flavouring are made. HCN is used in fumigating, electroplating, mining, and producing synthetic fibres, plastics, dyes, and pesticides. It also is used as an intermediate in chemical syntheses. Besides, hydrogen cyanide is used in manufacturing cyanide salts, aerylonitrile,and dyes.It is also used as a horticultural fumigant.

Technology Process of Hydrogen Cyanide

There total 1983 articles about Hydrogen Cyanide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

ethanedinitrile (460-19-5,25215-76-3) + phenol (108-95-2,27073-41-2) → salicylonitrile (611-20-1) + hydrogen cyanide (74-90-8) + m-cyanophenol (873-62-1) + 4-cyanophenol (767-00-0) + benzonitrile (100-47-0) + toluene (108-88-3,15644-74-3,16713-13-6)

Guidance literature:

Product distribution; plasma apparatus; a variety of substituted benzenes and pyridine similarly cyanated;

DOI:10.1021/ja00543a047

Reference yield:

diethyl ether (60-29-7,927820-24-4) + 2-bromo-2-ethylbutanamide (511-70-6) → hydrogen cyanide (74-90-8) + 2-pentanol (584-02-1) + hydrogen bromide (10035-10-6,12258-64-9)

Guidance literature:

Reference yield:

bromocyane (506-68-3) + thiourea (17356-08-0) → hydrogen cyanide (74-90-8) + formamidine disulfide (3256-06-2) + hydrogen bromide (10035-10-6,12258-64-9)

Guidance literature:

upstream raw materials:

1,4-dioxane

2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanenitrile

pyridine

benzyl thiocyanate

Downstream raw materials:

acrylonitrile

acrylic acid

3-hydroxypropionic acid

3-Hydroxypropionitrile

Refernces

• 1、 Anderson, H. H.. "". . p. 1757 - 1759. Retrieved 1942.
• 2、 Khriachtchev, Leonid,Pettersson, Mika,Raesaenen, Markku. "On self-limitation of UV photolysis in rare-gas solids and some of its consequences for matrix studies". . p. 727 - 733. Retrieved 1998.
• 3、 Liu, Yueh-Ling,Takahashi, Masao,Kobayashi, Hikaru. "Mechanism of Ni removal from Si materials using hydrogen cyanide aqueous solutions". . p. H16-H19. Retrieved 2007.
• 4、 Bohn, Robert B.,Andrews, Lester. "Matrix Infrared Spectra of the NH3--HCN and NH3--(HCN)2 Complexes in Solid Argon". . p. 3974 - 3979. Retrieved 1989.
• 5、 Satoshi, Kudoh,Takayanagi, Masao,Nakata, Munetaka. "Infrared spectra of (HCN)(n) clusters in low-temperature argon matrices". . p. 365 - 369. Retrieved 1997.
• 6、 Franchetti et al.. "". . p. 5926. Retrieved 1975.
• 7、 Andrews, Steven S.,Boxer, Steven G.. "Vibrational stark effects of nitriles I. Methods and experimental results". . p. 11853 - 11863. Retrieved 2000.
• 8、 Hodny, Michael,Hershberger, John F.. "Reaction kinetics of the CN radical with methyl bromide". . p. 88 - 91. Retrieved 2016.
• 9、 Drost et al.. "". . p. 189. Retrieved 1976.
• 10、 Bu, Y.,Ma, L.,Lin, M. C.. "Interaction of HCN/DCN with Si(100)-2X1". . p. 7081 - 7087. Retrieved 1993.