Germanium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Germanium
• CAS No.: 7440-56-4
• Deprecated CAS: 129827-75-4
• Molecular Formula: Ge
• Molecular Weight: 74.6059
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-164-3
• UNII: 619P6J82AE,00072J7XWS
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID8052483,DTXSID7052521,DTXSID30422913,DTXSID901318637
• Wikipedia: Germanium
• Wikidata: Q867,Q27113865,Q27113859
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C95170
• Mol file: 7440-56-4.mol

Synonyms:Germanium

Chemical Property of Germanium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: greyish-white lustrous brittle solid
• Melting Point: 937 ºC
• Boiling Point: 2830 ºC
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 5.35 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.06920
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 73.9211778
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xi；F
• Hazard Codes: F:Flammable;;
• Statements: R11:; R36/38:
• Safety Statements: S2:; S26:

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Metalloid Compounds (Germanium)
• Canonical SMILES: [Ge]
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: A phase 3b, open-label, multi-country, multi-centre, long-term follow-up study of ZOSTER-049 (follow-up of ZOSTER-006/022 studies) to assess the prophylactic efficacy, safety and persistence of immune response of a Herpes Zoster subunit vaccine and assessment of persistence of immune response and safety of 1 or 2 additional doses administered in ZOSTER-049 in 2 subgroups of older adults

Technology Process of Germanium

There total 176 articles about Germanium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 99.0%

germane (7782-65-2) → germanium (7440-56-4) + hydrogen (1333-74-0)

Guidance literature:

germane introducing to evac. reaction vessel (clean or with walls coatedbeforehand by layer of germanium powder) to pressure 0.6-3.0 at, decomp n. initiation by spark discharge, germanium powder deposition on reaction vessel walls; monitoring by pressure meas? powder melting in high vac. resistancefurnace; mass spectrometric anal.;

Reference yield:

germanium tetraiodide (13450-95-8) + mercury(II) chloride (51312-24-4) → germanium (7440-56-4) + germanium(II) iodide + germaniumtetrachloride (10038-98-9)

Guidance literature:

yielding a mixture of GeCl4, GeI4, GeI2, Ge and Hg halides;;

Reference yield:

germanium tetraiodide (13450-95-8) + tin(ll) chloride → germanium (7440-56-4) + germanium(II) iodide + germaniumtetrachloride (10038-98-9)

Guidance literature:

yielding a mixture of GeCl4, GeI4, GeI2, Ge and Sn halides;;

upstream raw materials:

germane

3,4-dimethyl-1,1-dichlorogermacyclopent-3-ene

phenylgermane

chromium

Downstream raw materials:

hydrogen

iron

GeI₂

germanium tetraiodide

Refernces

Preparation and structures of group 12 and 14 element halide-carbene complexes

10.1071/CH13209

The research focuses on synthesizing and characterizing a series of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes with Group 12 and 14 elements, including zinc, cadmium, germanium, tin, and lead. The primary purpose is to explore the potential of these complexes in catalysis and to develop new bonding environments within the main group elements. The researchers used the bulky carbene IPr (IPr = (HCNDipp)2C:, Dipp = 2,6-iPr2C6H3) as a donor and reacted it with various Group 12 and 14 halide reagents such as ZnI2, CdCl2, GeCl4, SnCl4, and PbBr2. They also employed hydride sources like Li[BH4] and Li[HBEt3] to potentially create new element hydride adducts. The study successfully synthesized several new carbene–element halide adducts, including IPr–ZnI2–THF, IPr–CdCl2–THF, IPr–GeCl4, IPr–SnCl4, and IPr–PbBr(NHDipp). The key conclusion is that the nature of the hydride source significantly impacts the outcome of the reactions, with the successful synthesis of the thermally stable bis(borohydride) zinc complex IPr–Zn(BH4)2 being a notable achievement. The research aims to explore the reactivity of these complexes in CO2 activation and as precursors to new clusters or nanomaterials.