Chemical Property of Chromium
Chemical Property:
- Appearance/Colour:silver-gray solid
- Melting Point:1890 ºC
- Boiling Point:2200 ºC
- Flash Point:50 °F
- PSA：0.00000
- Density:7.20℃
- LogP:0.00000
- Storage Temp.:Storage temperature: no restrictions.
- Water Solubility.:Insoluble in water.
- Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:0
- Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:0
- Rotatable Bond Count:0
- Exact Mass:51.940505
- Heavy Atom Count:1
- Complexity:0
- Transport DOT Label:Corrosive
- Purity/Quality:
-
99%, *data from raw suppliers
Chromium
foil, not light tested, 50x50mm, thickness 0.007mm, permanent polyester support, 99.99+% *data from reagent suppliers
Safty Information:
- Pictogram(s):
- Hazard Codes:F,C,Xn,Xi
- Statements:
11-20/21/22-34-40-23-67-36
- Safety Statements:
16-26-36/37/39-45-36/37-27
- MSDS Files:
-
SDS file from LookChem
Total 1 MSDS from other Authors
Useful:
- Chemical Classes:Metals -> Chromium Compounds, Inorganic
- Canonical SMILES:[Cr]
- Recent ClinicalTrials:Effects of a Dietary Supplement on Markers of Glucose Control and Quality of Life
- Recent NIPH Clinical Trials:To quantify the effect of excimer laser angioplasty in patients with acute heart attack for salvaging the cardiac muscle.
- Inhalation Risk:A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.
- Effects of Short Term Exposure:May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes and respiratory tract.
-
Physical Properties
Hard blue-white metal; body-centered cubic crystal; density 7.19 g/cm3; melts at 1,875°C; vaporizes at 2,199°C; electrical resistivity at 20°C, 12.9 microhm–cm; magnetic susceptibility at 20°C, 3.6x10–6 emu; standard electrode potential 0.71 V (oxidation state 0 to +3).
-
Description
Chromium as a metallic element was first discovered over 200
years ago, in 1797. But the history of chromium really began
several decades before this. In 1761, in the Beresof Mines of the
Ural Mountains, Johann Gottlob Lehmann obtained samples
of an orange-red mineral, which he called ‘Siberian red lead.’
He analyzed this mineral in 1766 and discovered that it contained
lead “mineralized with a selenitic spar and iron particles.”
The mineral he found was crocoite, a lead chromate
(PbCrO4).
-
Physical properties
Chromium is a silvery white/gray, hard, brittle noncorrosive metal that has chemical andphysical properties similar to the two preceding elements in period 4 (V and Ti). As one of thetransition elements, its uses its M shell rather than its outer N shell for valence electrons whencombining with other elements. Its melting point is 1,857°C, its boiling point is 2,672°C,and its density is 7.19 g/cm3.
-
Uses
In manufacture of chrome-steel or chrome-nickel-steel alloys (stainless steel), nonferrous alloys, heat resistant bricks for refractory furnaces. To greatly increase strength, hardness and resistance of metals to abrasion, corrosion and oxidation. For chrome plating of other metals; leather tanning; as pigment and mordant; wood preservative. Use of 51Cr as diagnostic aid see sodium chromate(VI). Chromium is used in the manufacture ofits alloys, such as chrome-steel or chromenickel-steel. It is also used for chromeplatingof other metals, for tanning leather,and in catalysts. It occurs in chromite ores(FeO·Cr2O3). The best-known use of chromium is for the plating of metal and plastic parts to producea shiny, reflective finish on automobile trim, household appliances, and other items where abright finish is considered attractive. It also protects iron and steel from corrosion.It is used to make alloys, especially stainless steel for cookware, and items for whichstrength and protection from rusting and high heat are important.Its compounds are used for high-temperature electrical equipment, for tanning leather, asa mordant (fixes the dyes in textiles so that they will not run), and as an antichalking agentfor paints.Some research has shown that, even though most chromium compounds are toxic, a smalltrace of chromium is important for a healthy diet for humans. A deficiency produces diabeteslike symptoms, which can be treated with a diet of whole-grain cereal, liver, and brewer’s yeast.Chromium’s most important radioisotope is chromium-51, which has a half-life of about27 days. It is used as a radioisotope tracer to check the rate of blood flowing in constrictedarteries.Some chromium compounds (e.g., chromium chloride, chromic hydroxide, chromic phosphate) are used as catalysts for organic chemical reactions.In 1960 the first ruby laser was made from a ruby crystal of aluminum oxide (Al2O3). Thesecrystals contain only a small amount of chromium, which stores the energy and is responsiblefor the laser action. A small amount of chromium found in the mineral corundum is responsible for the bright red color of the ruby gemstone.
