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| CAS No.: | 7440-47-3 | |
|---|---|---|
| Name: | Chromium | |
| Article Data: | 422 | |
| Molecular Structure: | ||
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| Formula: | Cr | |
| Molecular Weight: | 51.996 | |
| Synonyms: | Alpaste RRA030; Alpaste RRA 050; Chrome; Chromium element | |
| EINECS: | 231-157-5 | |
| Density: | 7.20℃ | |
| Melting Point: | 1890 ºC | |
| Boiling Point: | 2200 ºC | |
| Flash Point: | 50 °F | |
| Solubility: | Insoluble in water | |
| Appearance: | silver-gray solid | |
| Hazard Symbols: |
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| Risk Codes: | R40 | |
| Safety: | Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Powder will explode spontaneously in air. Ignites and is potentially explosive in atmospheres of carbon dioxide. Violent or explosive reaction when heated with ammonium nitrate. May ignite or react violently with bromine pentafluoride. Incandescent reaction with nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide. Incompatible with oxidants. See also CHROMIUM COMPOUNDS. | |
Analytical Methods: | For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125G or NIOSH: Chromium, 7024; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300. |
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| PSA: | 0.00000 | |
| LogP: | 0.00000 | |
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- 7440-47-3
chromium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With acetylen soot redn. at 1120°C; | 100% |
| With acetylen soot redn. at 1120°C; | 100% |
| With calcium carbide; potassium chloride byproducts: K2CrO4; forming vapour of K at 600°C; reaction temp. ca 400°C; K2CrO4 dissolving with water; purity: 99.5-99.8% Cr; | 90% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With potassium chloride; sodium chloride byproducts: MgCl2; 12 kg CrCl3, 3.5 kg Mg, 17.6 kg KCl and 12.4 kg NaCl mixed then heated in electric furnace at 800°C; formed MgCl2 dissolved and filtrated, remainder washed with water twice then with dild. HNO3; | 94.2% |
| With potassium chloride In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr; | 75% |
| With KCl In ethanol; water equimolar amts.; heating to melt; leaching with water, boiling with dild. aq. HNO3; purity: 99.55% Cr; | 75% |
- 7440-47-3
chromium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| ignition in Mg-pot; 16g of Cr2O3, 20g of the alloy; | 90% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With hydrogen In further solvent(s) High Pressure; in perhydrocumol at 100 at;; | A 89% B n/a |
| With H2 In further solvent(s) High Pressure; in perhydrocumol at 100 at;; | A 89% B n/a |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| equimolar amts.; Al content: 0.5%; | 82% |
| equimolar amts.; Al content: 0.5%; | 82% |
| 110% of the theoretically necessary Al; Al content: 5%; | 73% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| chromium iron ore reduced with Al in presence of 0.1-20 % of Cu and 2 % of Mg; molten metal has great fluidity and small surface tension because of Mg and Cu so sepn. between metal and slag simple; | 82% |
| chromium iron ore reduced with Al in presence of 0.1-20 % of Cu and 2 % of Mg; molten metal has great fluidity and small surface tension because of Mg and Cu so sepn. between metal and slag simple; | 82% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| 60.9g of Cr2O3, 24g of Ca, 10.8g of Al; | A n/a B 74.3% |
| 60.9g of Cr2O3, 24g of Ca, 10.8g of Al; | A n/a B 74.3% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| 96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 80% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <0.1%; | 74.3% |
| 96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 80% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <0.1%; | 74.3% |
| 96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 30% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <.1%; | 65% |
| 96% of the theoretically necessary Al; 30% BaO2 refer to used Al amt.; Al content: <.1%; | 65% |
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| heating in a steel bomb; purity 99.86%; | 57% |
| heating in a steel bomb; purity 99.86%; | 57% |
| With hydrogen CrCl3 free from H2O; H2 flow and introducing of Na vapour; in china pot; | |
| With H2 CrCl3 free from H2O; H2 flow and introducing of Na vapour; in china pot; |
- 15604-50-9
CrCl2(tetrahydrofuran)2
- 75-24-1
trimethylaluminum
- 563-43-9
ethylaluminum dichloride
B
- 7440-47-3
chromium
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| In toluene soln. of Cr-complex and amine stirred at 22 °C to give blue suspn., Al(CH3)3 added; soln. filtered, stand at -35 °C for 1 h, mother liquor removed, crystals washed (hexane), dried (vac.); elem. anal.; | A 32% B n/a |
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Chemistry
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IUPAC Name: Chromium
Molecular Formula: Cr
Molecular Weight: 51.996100 g/mol
EINECS: 231-157-5
Classification Code: Growth Substances; Micronutrients; Mutation data; Trace Elements; Tumor data
Stability: Stable. Incompatible with carbonates, strong bases, mineral acids, lithium, sulfur dioxide, strong acids.
Heat of fusion: 21.0 kJ·mol-1
Heat of vaporization: 339.5 kJ·mol-1
Melting Point: 4 °C
Density: 7.19 g/cm3
Flash Point: 50 °F
Boiling Point of Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3): 2671 °C
Uses
Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3) was used as a pigment, and after the discovery that the mineral chromite also contains chromium this latter mineral was used to produce pigments as well. Chromium was regarded with great interest because of its high corrosion resistance and hardness. A major development was the discovery that steel could be made highly resistant to corrosion and discoloration by adding chromium to form stainless steel. This application, along with chrome plating (electroplating with chromium) are currently the highest-volume uses of the metal.
Production
Approximately 4.4 million metric tons of marketable chromite ore were produced in 2000, and converted into ~3.3 million tons of ferro-chrome with an approximate market value of 2.5 billion United States dollars.The largest producers of chromium ore have been South Africa (44%) India (18%), Kazakhstan (16%) Zimbabwe (5%), Finland (4%) Iran (4%) and Brazil (2%) with several other countries producing the rest of less than 10% of the world production.The two main products of chromium ore refining are ferrochromium and metallic chromium.
Toxicity Data With Reference
| Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| rat | LD50 | unreported | 27500ug/kg (27.5mg/kg) | Gigiena i Sanitariya. For English translation, see HYSAAV. Vol. 37(10), Pg. 27, 1972. |
Consensus Reports
Chromium and its compounds are on the Community Right-To-Know List. Chromium is reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
Powder will explode spontaneously in air. Ignites and is potentially explosive in atmospheres of carbon dioxide. Violent or explosive reaction when heated with ammonium nitrate. May ignite or react violently with bromine pentafluoride. Incandescent reaction with nitrogen oxide or sulfur dioxide. Incompatible with oxidants.
Hazard Codes: 
F,
C,
Xn
Risk Statements: 11-20/21/22-34-40-23
R11:Highly flammable.
R20/21/22:Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed.
R34:Causes burns.
R40:Limited evidence of a carcinogenic effect.
R23 :Toxic by inhalation.
Safety Statements: 16-26-36/37/39-45-36/37-27
S16:Keep away from sources of ignition.
S26: In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
S36/37/39:Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection.
S45:In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.)
S36/37:Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves.
S27:Take off immediately all contaminated clothing.
RIDADR: UN 2924 3/PG 2
WGK Germany: 3
RTECS: GB4200000
HazardClass: 4.1
PackingGroup: III
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 1 mg/m3
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 (Cr)mg/m3; Not Classifiable as a Carcinogen
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-125G or NIOSH: Chromium, 7024; Welding and Brazing Fume, 7200; Elements, 7300.
Specification
Chromium (CAS NO.7440-47-3), its Synonyms are Chrom ; Chrome ; Chromium metal ; Chromium compounds . It is very hard gray solid with a metallic luster.