10.1002/adsc.200303241
The research focuses on the development and application of a new family of bidentate phosphine ligands based on the biscarbazole backbone, known as BICAP ligands. These ligands were synthesized and applied in ruthenium- and rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenations of methyl acetoacetate and dimethyl itaconate, achieving enantiomeric excesses of 98% and 55%, respectively. The nitrogen atoms in the BICAP ligands allow for the introduction of various substituents, enabling the creation of structurally similar but electronically different ligands to fine-tune the catalytic reactions. Key chemicals involved in the synthesis include diol BICOL, dinonaflate, diphenylphosphine, and various electrophiles such as methyl iodide and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride. The study also utilized solvents like acetonitrile, toluene, and phenylsilane, along with reagents like triethylamine, lithium aluminum hydride, and palladium acetate. The research highlights the versatility of the BICAP ligands in optimizing asymmetric catalytic reactions through electronic modifications.