Acetamide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Acetamide
• CAS No.: 60-35-5
• Molecular Formula: C2H5NO
• Molecular Weight: 59.0678
• Hs Code.: 2924.10 Oral rat LD50: 7000 mg/kg
• European Community (EC) Number: 200-473-5,685-266-1
• ICSC Number: 0233
• NSC Number: 25945
• UN Number: 3077
• UNII: 8XOE1JSO29
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID7020005
• Nikkaji Number: J2.339F
• Wikipedia: Acetamide
• Wikidata: Q421721
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 45014
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL16081
• Mol file: 60-35-5.mol

Synonyms:acetamide;acetamide, monosodium salt

Chemical Property of Acetamide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: colourless deliquescent crystals
• Vapor Pressure: 1 mm Hg ( 65 °C)
• Melting Point: 78-80 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: 1.4274
• Boiling Point: 221.1 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 0.63(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 90.1 °C
• PSA: 43.09000
• Density: 0.947 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.19190
• Storage Temp.: Store at RT
• Solubility.: H2O: 0.5 g/mL, Hazen ≤50
• Water Solubility.: 2000 g/L (20 ºC)
• XLogP3: -0.9
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 59.037113783
• Heavy Atom Count: 4
• Complexity: 33

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Acetamide ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xn
• Hazard Codes: Xn
• Statements: 40
• Safety Statements: 36/37

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Other Nitrogen Compounds
• Canonical SMILES: CC(=O)N
• Inhalation Risk: Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: This substance is possibly carcinogenic to humans.
• Description: Acetamide (MEA or ethanamide), the amide of acetic acid, is a white crystalline solid in pure form with a mousy odor. Low toxicity. It is produced by dehydrating ammonium acetate. Acetamide is found in red beetroot. Acetamide is used primarily as a solvent, plasticizer, and a wetting and penetrating agent. it was used as an intermediate in the synthesis of methylamine, thioacetamide, hypnotics, insecticides, medicinals and various plastics, a soldering flux ingredient, a wetting agent and penetration accelerator for dyes, and as a plasticizer in leather, cloth and coatings. ethanolamine is an amide made from acetamide and monoethanolamine. It is a clear liquid. In cosmetics and personal care products, It is used in the formulation of bubble baths, hair conditioners, shampoos, wave sets, moisturizers, and other bath and hair care products.It increases the water content of the top layers of the skin by drawing moisture from the surrounding air. It also enhances the appearance and feel of hair, by increasing hair body, suppleness, or sheen, or by improving the texture of hair that has been damaged physically or by chemical treatment.
• Uses: Acetamide is often used as plasticizer and as industrial solvent. molten acetamide is an excellent solvent for many organic and inorganic compounds. Solubilizer. renders sparingly soluble substances more soluble in water by mere addition or by fusion. stabilizer. manufacture of methylamine, denaturing alcohol. In organic syntheses. Acetamide is used as a co-monomer in the production of polymeric materials such as polyvinyl acetamide, a polymeric product used as an absorbent. It can be used for the transamidation of carbxamides in 1,4-dioxane in the absence of a catalyst. Cryoscopy; organic synthesis; general solvent; lacquers; explosives, soldering flux; wetting agent; plasticizer As a dipolar solvent, acetamide finds many uses as a solvent for both inorganic and organic compounds. The solvency has led to widespread uses in industry including applications in cryoscopy, soldering, and the textile industry. The neutral and amphoteric characteristics allow its use as an antacid in the lacquer, explosives, and cosmetics industries. Its hygroscopic properties make it useful as a plasticizer in coatings, fixtures, cloth, and leather, and as a humectant for paper. It is also a raw material in organic synthesis of methylamine and thioacetamide and as an intermediate in preparation of medicines, insecticides, and plastics.

Technology Process of Acetamide

There total 483 articles about Acetamide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 89.0%

acetonitrile (75-05-8,26809-02-9) + Benzaldoxime (932-90-1) → acetamide (60-35-5) + benzonitrile (100-47-0)

Guidance literature:

With indium(III) nitrate; at 100 ℃; for 18h;

DOI:10.1016/j.tetlet.2010.03.048

Reference yield: 60.0%

N-(2,2-Dichloro-1-hydroxy-3-oxo-3-phenyl-propyl)-acetamide (184970-72-7) → acetamide (60-35-5) + 2,2-dichloroacetophenone (2648-61-5)

Guidance literature:

With sodium hydroxide; In ethanol; for 12h; Ambient temperature;

Reference yield:

methanol (67-56-1) + vinyl acetate (108-05-4,9003-20-7) + ammonia (7664-41-7) → acetamide (60-35-5) + 2-ethyl-5-methylpyridine (18113-81-0)

Guidance literature:

at 130 ℃;

upstream raw materials:

Acetaldehyde oxime

acetyl isocyanate

ethene

acetic acid methyl ester

Downstream raw materials:

N-acetyl-4-hydroxypiperidine

N-benzoylbenzamide

benzonitrile

benzoic acid anhydride

Refernces

• 1、 Kretchmer,Daly. "". . p. 192,194,195. Retrieved 1976.
• 2、 Brauer, Hans-Dieter,Eilers, Beate,Lange, Andreas. "Formation of singlet molecular oxygen by the Radziszewski reaction between acetonitrile and hydrogen peroxide in the absence and presence of ketones". . p. 1288 - 1295. Retrieved 2002.
• 3、 House , J. E. Jr.,Dunlap, Denise D.. "". . p. 113 - 116. Retrieved 1981.
• 4、 French,Wrightsman. "". . p. 50. Retrieved 1938.
• 5、 Watanabe,Sakai. "". . p. 8,9,14. Retrieved 1966.
• 6、 Loudon, G. Marc,Jacob, James. "Hydrolysis of N-(1-Aminoalkyl)amides". . p. 377 - 378. Retrieved 1980.
• 7、 Hitch,Gilbert. "". . p. 1780. Retrieved 1913.
• 8、 Yamaguchi, Tadashi,Adachi, Hisako,Ito, Tasuku,Sasaki, Yoichi. "Hydrolysis of Acetonitrile, Catalyzed by Octaacetatotetraplatinum(II). - High Reactivity of Coordination Sites Trans to the Pt-Pt Bond -". . p. 3116 - 3118. Retrieved 1994.
• 9、 Ben-David, Yehoshoa,Diskin-Posner, Yael,Kar, Sayan,Milstein, David,Zhou, Quan-Quan,Zou, You-Quan. "Manganese-Pincer-Catalyzed Nitrile Hydration, α-Deuteration, and α-Deuterated Amide Formation via Metal Ligand Cooperation". . p. 10239 - 10245. Retrieved 2021/08/24.
• 10、 Wang, Yang,Guo, Wen,Guan, Ai-Lin,Liu, Shuang,Yao, Zi-Jian. "Half-Sandwich Iridium Complexes Based on β-Ketoamino Ligands: Preparation, Structure, and Catalytic Activity in Amide Synthesis". . p. 11514 - 11520. Retrieved 2021/07/31.