Phenol

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Phenol
• CAS No.: 108-95-2
• Deprecated CAS: 14534-23-7,50356-25-7,8002-07-1,8002-07-1
• Molecular Formula: C6H6O
• Molecular Weight: 94.113
• Hs Code.: 2907111000
• European Community (EC) Number: 203-632-7
• ICSC Number: 0070
• NSC Number: 36808
• UN Number: 2821,2312,1671
• UNII: 339NCG44TV
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID5021124
• Nikkaji Number: J2.873H
• Wikipedia: Phenol
• Wikidata: Q130336,Q82003286
• NCI Thesaurus Code: C1191
• RXCUI: 33290
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 37148
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL14060
• Mol file: 108-95-2.mol

Synonyms:Carbol;Carbolic Acid;Hydroxybenzene;Phenol;Phenol, Sodium Salt;Phenolate Sodium;Phenolate, Sodium;Sodium Phenolate

Chemical Property of Phenol

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: transparent crystalline solid
• Vapor Pressure: 0.09 psi ( 55 °C)
• Melting Point: 40-42 °C(lit.)
• Refractive Index: n20/D 1.53
• Boiling Point: 181.8 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 9.89(at 20℃)
• Flash Point: 72.5 °C
• PSA: 20.23000
• Density: 1.07 g/cm³
• LogP: 1.39220
• Storage Temp.: 2-8°C
• Solubility.: H2O: 50?mg/mL at?20?°C, clear, colorless
• Water Solubility.: 8 g/100 mL
• XLogP3: 1.5
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 1
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 94.041864811
• Heavy Atom Count: 7
• Complexity: 46.1
• Transport DOT Label: Poison

Purity/Quality:

99%min ^*data from raw suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T,C,F,Xn
• Hazard Codes: T:Toxic;;
• Statements: R23/24/25:; R34:; R40:; R48/20/21/22:; R68:
• Safety Statements: S28A:; S36/37:; S45:

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: UVCB,Other Classes -> Phenols
• Canonical SMILES: C1=CC=C(C=C1)O
• Recent ClinicalTrials: Phenol Neurolysis of Genicular Nerves for Chronic Knee Pain
• Recent EU Clinical Trials: Efficacy and safety of Aethoxysklerol 4% compared to 5% phenol in oil for the treatment of the first and second degree hemorrhoids - a pilot study
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
• Effects of Short Term Exposure: The substance and the vapour are corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation of the vapour may cause lung oedema, but only after initial corrosive effects on eyes and/or airways have become manifest. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system, heart and kidneys. This may result in convulsions, coma, cardiac disorders, respiratory failure and collapse. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated. Exposure could cause death.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance may have effects on the liver, kidneys and nervous system.
• Uses: Phenol is an important organic chemical raw material, widely used in the production of phenolic resin and bisphenol A, in which bisphenol A is important raw material for polycarbonate, epoxy resin, polysulfone resin and other plastics. In some cases the phenol is used to produce iso-octylphenol, isononylphenol, or isododecylphenol through addition reaction with long-chain olefins such as diisobutylene, tripropylene, tetra-polypropylene and the like, which are used in production of nonionic surfactants. In addition, it can also be used as an important raw material for caprolactam, adipic acid, dyes, medicines, pesticides and plastic additives and rubber auxiliaries. The predominant use of phenol today is for phenolic resins.it is a powerful bactericide,phenol can be found in numerous consumer products includingmouthwashes,antiseptic ointments,throat lozenges,air fresheners,eardrops,and lipbalms.Phenol continues to be a primary chemical used to make thermoset resins.These resinsare made by combining phenol with aldehydes such as formaldehyde.More than 4 billionpounds of phenolic resins are used annually in the United States.Phenolic resins findtheir widest use in the construction industry.They are used as binding agents and fillers inwood products such as plywood,particleboard,furniture, and paneling.Phenolic resins areimpregnated into paper,which,after hardening,produces sheets that can be glued togetherto form laminates for use in wall paneling and countertops.Decking in boats and docksare made from phenolic resin composites.Phenolic resins are used as sealing agents andfor insulation. Because phenolic resins have high heat resistance and are good insulators,they are used in cookware handles.Because they are also good electrical insulators,they areused in electrical switches,wall plates, and for various other electrical applications.In theautomotive industry,phenolic resins are used for parts such as drive pulleys,water pumphousings, brakes,and body parts.In addition to the construction industry,phenol has many other applications.It isused in pharmaceuticals,in herbicides and pesticides,and as a germicide in paints.It can beused to produce caprolactam,which is the monomer used in the production of nylon 6.Another important industrial compound produced from phenol is bisphenol A,which ismade from phenol and acetone.Bisphenol A is used in the manufacture of polycarbonateresins.Polycarbonate resins are manufactured into structural parts used in the manufactureof various products such as automobile parts,electrical products,and consumer appliances.Items such as compact discs, reading glasses,sunglasses,and water bottles are made frompolycarbonates. Phenol is used in the manufacture of variousphenolic resins; as an intermediate in the production of many dyes and pharmaceuticals;as a disinfectant for toilets, floors, and drains;as a topical antiseptic; and as a reagentin chemical analysis. It has been detectedin cigarette smoke and automobile exhaust.Smoke emitted from a burning mosquito coil(a mosquito repellent) has been found to con-tain submicron particles coated with phenoland other substances; a lengthy exposure canbe hazardous to health (Liu et al. 1987). phenol is frequently used for medical chemical face peels. It may trap free radicals and can act as a preservative. Phenol, however, is an extremely caustic chemical with a toxicity potential. It is considered undesirable for use in cosmetics. even at low concentrations, it frequently causes skin irritation, swelling, and rashes.
• Description: Phenol is a stable chemical substance and appear as colourless/white crystals with a characteristic, distinct aromatic/acrid odour. It is reactive and incompatible with strong oxidising agents, strong bases, strong acids, alkalis, and calcium hypochlorite. Phenol is flammable and may discolour in light. Phenol is used in the manufacture or production of explosives, fertiliser, coke, illuminating gas, lampblack, paints, paint removers, rubber, perfumes, asbestos goods, wood preservatives, synthetic resins, textiles, drugs, and pharmaceutical preparations. It is also extensively used as a disinfectant in the petroleum, leather, paper, soap, toy, tanning, dye, and agricultural industries.
• Physical properties: Phenol is a colorless or white crystalline solid that is slightly soluble in water. Phenol is the simplest of the large group of organic chemicals known as phenols, which consist of compounds where a carbon in the phenyl aromatic group (C6H5) is directly bonded to hydroxyl, OH.
• Indications: Phenol in dilute solution (0.5% to 2%) decreases itch by anesthetizing the cutaneous nerve endings. Phenol should never be used on pregnant women or infants younger than 6 months of age.

Technology Process of Phenol

There total 4571 articles about Phenol which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 39.0%

2-phenethoxybenzene (40515-89-7) → styrene (100-42-5,25038-60-2,25247-68-1,28213-80-1,28325-75-9,79637-11-9,9003-53-6) + phenol (108-95-2,27073-41-2)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen; In water; at 400 ℃; under 15001.5 Torr; Reagent/catalyst;

DOI:10.1016/j.apcata.2014.12.052

Reference yield: 32.6%

4-bromo-phenol (106-41-2) → ortho-mercaptophenol (1121-24-0) + 2,4-dibromophenol (615-58-7) + 2-hydroxybromobenzene (95-56-7) + 4,4'-Thiodiphenol (2664-63-3) + phenol (108-95-2,27073-41-2)

Guidance literature:

With hydrogen sulfide; sulfur; at 110 ℃; for 3h; Mechanism; Product distribution; var. temp. and time; other halogenophenols, also phenol;

Reference yield: 18.0%

1-cyanobenzene oxide-oxepin (73654-43-0) → salicylonitrile (611-20-1) + salicylamide (65-45-2) + phenol (108-95-2,27073-41-2)

Guidance literature:

In tetrahydrofuran; water; for 48h; Heating; pH=7;

DOI:10.1021/jo00317a036

upstream raw materials:

tetrahydrofuran

(benzyloxy)benzene

piperidine

ethyl phenyl carbonate

Downstream raw materials:

2-phenoxyethanethiol

2-phenoxyethanamine

3-phenoxypropanol

9-phenoxyfluorene

Refernces

• 1、 Guo, Huajun,Chen, Zhuqi,Mei, Fuming,Zhu, Dajian,Xiong, Hui,Yin, Guochuan. "Redox inactive metal ion promoted C-H activation of benzene to phenol with PdII(bpym): Demonstrating new strategies in catalyst designs". . p. 888 - 891. Retrieved 2013.
• 2、 Acharyya, Shankha S.,Ghosh, Shilpi,Adak, Shubhadeep,Sasaki, Takehiko,Bal, Rajaram. "Facile synthesis of CuCr2O4 spinel nanoparticles: A recyclable heterogeneous catalyst for the one pot hydroxylation of benzene". . p. 4232 - 4241. Retrieved 2014.
• 3、 Kharasch et al.. "-". . p. 113,125. Retrieved 1951.
• 4、 Hale,Britton. "-". . . Retrieved 1928.
• 5、 Zhou, Zhonggao,Du, Ziyi,Hu, Qiaosheng,Shi, Jicheng,Xie, Yongrong,Liu, Yulan. "Mixed-donor N,N,O-tridentate ligands for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki reactions". . p. 149 - 153. Retrieved 2012.
• 6、 Iglesias, Maria Jose,Blandez, Juan F.,Fructos, Manuel R.,Prieto, Auxiliadora,Alvarez, Eleuterio,Belderrain, Tomas R.,Nicasio, M. Carmen. "Synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic activity of IPrNi(styrene)2 in the amination of aryl tosylates". . p. 6312 - 6316. Retrieved 2012.
• 7、 Cerkovnik, Janez,Erzen, Evgen,Koller, Joze,Plesnicar, Bozo. "Evidence for HOOO radicals in the formation of alkyl hydrotrioxides (ROOOH) and hydrogen trioxide (HOOOH) in the ozonation of C - H bonds in hydrocarbons". . p. 404 - 409. Retrieved 2002.
• 8、 Chen, Jiaqi,Gao, Shuang,Li, Jun,Lue, Ying. "2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-Oxyl-promoted hydroxylation of benzene to phenol over a vanadium-based catalyst using molecular oxygen". . p. 1446 - 1451. Retrieved 2011.
• 9、 Cheng, I. Francis,Fernando, Quintus,Korte, Nic. "Electrochemical dechlorination of 4-chlorophenol to phenol". . p. 1074 - 1078. Retrieved 1997.
• 10、 Liu,Hou. "Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol over pyridine-modified vanadium-substituted heteropoly acid under microwave condition". . p. 2683 - 2685. Retrieved 2014.