Ruthenium

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Ruthenium
• CAS No.: 7440-18-8
• Deprecated CAS: 100041-48-3,57572-01-7,57572-01-7
• Molecular Formula: Ru
• Molecular Weight: 101.07
• Hs Code.: 3822 00 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 231-127-1
• UNII: 7UI0TKC3U5
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID9064687
• Nikkaji Number: J95.316D
• Wikipedia: Ruthenium
• Wikidata: Q1086
• Mol file: 7440-18-8.mol

Synonyms:Ruthenium

Chemical Property of Ruthenium

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: Black Powder
• Vapor Pressure: 0.0236mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 2310 °C
• Refractive Index: 1.587
• Boiling Point: 3900 °C
• Flash Point: 134.3oC
• PSA: 0.00000
• Density: 1.025 g/mL at 25 °C
• LogP: 0.00000
• Storage Temp.: Flammables area
• Sensitive.: Lachrymatory
• Water Solubility.: insoluble
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 0
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 101.904340
• Heavy Atom Count: 1
• Complexity: 0

Purity/Quality:

99.9% ^*data from raw suppliers

Ruthenium ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): F,C,Xn
• Hazard Codes: F,C,Xn
• Statements: 20-37-11-34
• Safety Statements: 22-36-38-24/25-16-14-45-36/37/39-27-26-23

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Elements, Metallic
• Canonical SMILES: [Ru]
• Physical Properties: Hard silvery-white metal; hexagonal close-packed crystal structure; density 12.41 g/cm3 at 20°C; melts at 2,334°C; vaporizes at 4,150°C; electrical resistivity 7.1 microhm-cm at 0°C; hardness (annealed) 200-350 Vickers units; Young’s modulus 3.0×104 tons/in2; magnetic susceptibility 0.427 cm3/g; thermal neutron absorption cross section 2.6 barns; insoluble in water, cold or hot acids, and aqua regia; can be brought into aqueous phase by fusion of finely divided metal with alkaline hydroxides, peroxides, carbonates and cyanides.
• Physical properties: Ruthenium is a rare, hard, silvery-white metallic element located in group 8, just aboveosmium and below iron, with which it shares some chemical and physical properties.Both ruthenium and osmium are heavier and harder than pure iron, making them morebrittle and difficult to refine. Both ruthenium and osmium are less tractable and malleable than iron. Although there are some similar characteristics between ruthenium and iron,ruthenium’s properties are more like those of osmium. Even so, ruthenium is less stablethan osmium. They are both rare and difficult to separate from minerals and ores that containother elements. These factors make it more difficult to determine ruthenium’s accurateatomic weight.The oxidation state of +8 for ruthenium and its “mate” osmium is the highest oxidationstate of all elements in the transition series. Ruthenium’s melting point is 2,310°C, its boilingpoint is 3,900°C, and its density is 12.45 g/cm3.
• Uses: Since ruthenium is rare and difficult to isolate in pure form, there are few uses for it. Itsmain uses are as an alloy to produce noncorrosive steel and as an additive to jewelry metalssuch as platinum, palladium, and gold, making them more durable.It is also used as an alloy to make electrical contacts harder and wear longer, for medicalinstruments, and more recently, as an experimental metal for direct conversion of solar cellmaterial to electrical energy.Ruthenium is used as a catalyst to affect the speed of chemical reactions, but is not alteredby the chemical process. It is also used as a drug to treat eye diseases. As substitute for platinum in jewelry; for pen nibs; as hardener in electrical contact alloys, electrical filaments; in ceramic colors; catalyst in synthesis of long chain hydrocarbons. Ruthenium is used in wear-resistant electrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. Its use in some platinum alloys, and as a catalyst. It is a most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium. It is also used in some advanced high-temperature single-crystal super alloys, with applications including the turbine blades in jet engines and fountain pen nibs.

Technology Process of Ruthenium

There total 289 articles about Ruthenium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield: 90.0%

tris(triphenylphosphine)ruthenium(II) chloride (15529-49-4,41756-81-4) → ruthenium (7440-18-8)

Guidance literature:

With 1-decene; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane; In toluene; mixt. of tetramethyldixiloxane, 1-decene and Ru-complex in unhyd. toluene stirred at room temp., evacuated, refilled with N2 three times, stirred at 100°C for 5 d; centrifuged, decanted, washed by toluene, centrifuged twice, dried indervac.; detd. by XRD, TEM;

DOI:10.1021/jp052667j

Reference yield: 74.0%

ruthenium(II) chloride + triethylsilane (617-86-7) → triethylsilyl chloride (994-30-9) + hydrogen (1333-74-0) + ruthenium (7440-18-8)

Guidance literature:

In not given; react. with boiling (C2H5)3SiH after 12 min;;

DOI:10.1021/ja01552a022

Reference yield:

ruthenium(IV) oxide + aluminium nitride → aluminum oxide (1333-84-2,1344-28-1) + nitrogen (7727-37-9) + ruthenium (7440-18-8)

Guidance literature:

900-1200°C, in nitrogen; TG, DTA, XRD;

DOI:10.1007/BF00365170

upstream raw materials:

tricarbonyl(η(4)-1,5-cyclooctadiene)ruthenium

Ru(CO)3(η(4)-2,3-dimethylbutadiene)

1.3-butadiene Ru(CO)3

ruthenium trichloride hydrate

Downstream raw materials:

4-bromo-5-ethoxyfuran-2(5H)-one

4-methyloxetan-2-one

1,12-dodecanedioic acid

2-aminomethyl-4-tertbutyl-6-trifluoromethylphenol hydrochloride

Refernces

• 1、 Wei,Li,Luo,Yan,Sun,Yin,Shen. "Electrooxidation of methanol on upd-Ru and upd-Sn modified Pt electrodes". . p. 26055 - 26061. Retrieved 2006.
• 2、 Cao, Dianxue,Bergens, Steven H.. "A nonelectrochemical reductive deposition of ruthenium adatoms onto nanoparticle platinum: Anode catalysts for a series of direct methanol fuel cells". . p. 4021 - 4031. Retrieved 2003.
• 3、 Watt, G. W.,McMordie, W. C.. "". . p. 262 - 263. Retrieved 1965.
• 4、 Borodin,Kostin,Plusnin,Filatov,Bogomyakov,Kuratieva. "Heterometallic complexes of ruthenium and lanthanides (Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu) with NO2 bridges - Synthesis, structures, properties". . p. 2298 - 2304. Retrieved 2012.
• 5、 Omar. "Spectral, thermal and biological activity studies on ruthenium(II) complexes with some pyridylamines". . p. 607 - 615. Retrieved 2009.
• 6、 Shastri, A. G.,Schwank, J.. "". . p. 271 - 283. Retrieved 1985.
• 7、 Johnson, Brian F. G.,Lewis, Jack,Nicholls, J. Nicola,Puga, Jose,Raithby, Paul R.,Rosales, Maria J.. "The Synthesis of by the Carbonylation of and the Reactions of the Pentanuclear Cluster with a Variety of Small Molecules: the X-Ray Structure Analyses of , , , , and . p. 277 - 290. Retrieved 1983.
• 8、 Castillo-Villalon, Perla,Ramirez, Jorge. "Spectroscopic study of the electronic interactions in Ru/TiO2 HDS catalysts". . p. 39 - 48. Retrieved 2009.
• 9、 Kang, Sang Yeol,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Hyeong Joon. "Improvements in growth behavior of CVD Ru films on film substrates for memory capacitor integration". . p. C15-C19. Retrieved 2005.
• 10、 Geng, Junfeng,Ducati, Caterina,Shephard, Douglas S.,Chhowalla, Manish,Johnson, Brian F. G.,Robertson, John. "Carbon nanohorns grown from ruthenium nanoparticles". . p. 1112 - 1113. Retrieved 2002.