Welcome to LookChem.com Sign In|Join Free
  • or

Encyclopedia

Ruthenium

Base Information Edit
  • Chemical Name:Ruthenium
  • CAS No.:7440-18-8
  • Deprecated CAS:100041-48-3,57572-01-7,57572-01-7
  • Molecular Formula:Ru
  • Molecular Weight:101.07
  • Hs Code.:3822 00 00
  • European Community (EC) Number:231-127-1
  • UNII:7UI0TKC3U5
  • DSSTox Substance ID:DTXSID9064687
  • Nikkaji Number:J95.316D
  • Wikipedia:Ruthenium
  • Wikidata:Q1086
  • Mol file:7440-18-8.mol
Ruthenium

Synonyms:Ruthenium

Suppliers and Price of Ruthenium
Supply Marketing:Edit
Business phase:
The product has achieved commercial mass production*data from LookChem market partment
Manufacturers and distributors:
  • Manufacture/Brand
  • Chemicals and raw materials
  • Packaging
  • price
  • Usbiological
  • Ruthenium
  • 1g
  • $ 259.00
  • Usbiological
  • Ruthenium
  • 1g
  • $ 222.00
  • Usbiological
  • Ruthenium
  • 100mg
  • $ 326.00
  • Usbiological
  • Ruthenium
  • 250mg
  • $ 319.00
  • Usbiological
  • Ruthenium
  • 1g
  • $ 383.00
  • TRC
  • RutheniumOnCarbon
  • 2.5g
  • $ 130.00
  • TCI Chemical
  • Ruthenium 5% on Carbon (wetted with ca. 50% Water)
  • 25g
  • $ 93.00
  • TCI Chemical
  • Ruthenium 5% on Carbon (wetted with ca. 50% Water)
  • 5g
  • $ 31.00
  • Strem Chemicals
  • Ruthenium, 0.5% on carbon
  • 100g
  • $ 420.00
  • Strem Chemicals
  • Ruthenium, 5% on carbon
  • 100g
  • $ 420.00
Total 132 raw suppliers
Chemical Property of Ruthenium Edit
Chemical Property:
  • Appearance/Colour:Black Powder 
  • Vapor Pressure:0.0236mmHg at 25°C 
  • Melting Point:2310 °C 
  • Refractive Index:1.587 
  • Boiling Point:3900 °C 
  • Flash Point:134.3oC 
  • PSA:0.00000 
  • Density:1.025 g/mL at 25 °C 
  • LogP:0.00000 
  • Storage Temp.:Flammables area 
  • Sensitive.:Lachrymatory 
  • Water Solubility.:insoluble 
  • Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:0
  • Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:0
  • Rotatable Bond Count:0
  • Exact Mass:101.904340
  • Heavy Atom Count:1
  • Complexity:0
Purity/Quality:

99% *data from raw suppliers

Ruthenium *data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:
  • Pictogram(s): FlammableF,CorrosiveC,HarmfulXn 
  • Hazard Codes:F,C,Xn 
  • Statements: 20-37-11-34 
  • Safety Statements: 22-36-38-24/25-16-14-45-36/37/39-27-26-23 
MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:
  • Chemical Classes:Metals -> Elements, Metallic
  • Canonical SMILES:[Ru]
  • Physical Properties Hard silvery-white metal; hexagonal close-packed crystal structure; density 12.41 g/cm3 at 20°C; melts at 2,334°C; vaporizes at 4,150°C; electrical resistivity 7.1 microhm-cm at 0°C; hardness (annealed) 200-350 Vickers units; Young’s modulus 3.0×104 tons/in2; magnetic susceptibility 0.427 cm3/g; thermal neutron absorption cross section 2.6 barns; insoluble in water, cold or hot acids, and aqua regia; can be brought into aqueous phase by fusion of finely divided metal with alkaline hydroxides, peroxides, carbonates and cyanides.
  • Physical properties Ruthenium is a rare, hard, silvery-white metallic element located in group 8, just aboveosmium and below iron, with which it shares some chemical and physical properties.Both ruthenium and osmium are heavier and harder than pure iron, making them morebrittle and difficult to refine. Both ruthenium and osmium are less tractable and malleable than iron. Although there are some similar characteristics between ruthenium and iron,ruthenium’s properties are more like those of osmium. Even so, ruthenium is less stablethan osmium. They are both rare and difficult to separate from minerals and ores that containother elements. These factors make it more difficult to determine ruthenium’s accurateatomic weight.The oxidation state of +8 for ruthenium and its “mate” osmium is the highest oxidationstate of all elements in the transition series. Ruthenium’s melting point is 2,310°C, its boilingpoint is 3,900°C, and its density is 12.45 g/cm3.
  • Uses Since ruthenium is rare and difficult to isolate in pure form, there are few uses for it. Itsmain uses are as an alloy to produce noncorrosive steel and as an additive to jewelry metalssuch as platinum, palladium, and gold, making them more durable.It is also used as an alloy to make electrical contacts harder and wear longer, for medicalinstruments, and more recently, as an experimental metal for direct conversion of solar cellmaterial to electrical energy.Ruthenium is used as a catalyst to affect the speed of chemical reactions, but is not alteredby the chemical process. It is also used as a drug to treat eye diseases. As substitute for platinum in jewelry; for pen nibs; as hardener in electrical contact alloys, electrical filaments; in ceramic colors; catalyst in synthesis of long chain hydrocarbons. Ruthenium is used in wear-resistant electrical contacts and the production of thick-film resistors. Its use in some platinum alloys, and as a catalyst. It is a most effective hardeners for platinum and palladium. It is also used in some advanced high-temperature single-crystal super alloys, with applications including the turbine blades in jet engines and fountain pen nibs.
Technology Process of Ruthenium

There total 289 articles about Ruthenium which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:
Guidance literature:
With 1-decene; 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane; In toluene; mixt. of tetramethyldixiloxane, 1-decene and Ru-complex in unhyd. toluene stirred at room temp., evacuated, refilled with N2 three times, stirred at 100°C for 5 d; centrifuged, decanted, washed by toluene, centrifuged twice, dried indervac.; detd. by XRD, TEM;
DOI:10.1021/jp052667j
Guidance literature:
In not given; react. with boiling (C2H5)3SiH after 12 min;;
DOI:10.1021/ja01552a022
Guidance literature:
900-1200°C, in nitrogen; TG, DTA, XRD;
DOI:10.1007/BF00365170
Refernces Edit

Grubbs Metathesis Enabled by a Light-Driven gem-Hydrogenation of Internal Alkynes

10.1002/anie.202007030

The study presents a novel light-driven approach to Grubbs metathesis, facilitated by the gem-hydrogenation of internal alkynes using [(NHC)(cymene)RuCl2] (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) complexes. This method results in the formation of discrete Grubbs-type ruthenium carbene species, which can be harnessed for a "hydrogenative metathesis" reaction that converts enyne substrates into cyclic alkenes. The research explores the unique reactivity of these complexes under UV irradiation, leading to the efficient formation of various cycloalkene products. The study also discusses the potential and limitations of this new catalyst system, as well as providing experimental evidence for the formation of Grubbs-type carbenes through alkyne gem-hydrogenation. This innovative method offers a non-canonical entry into the field of metathesis chemistry, expanding the scope of catalytic hydrogenation and Grubbs catalysis.

Ruthenium complexes with vinyl, styryl, and vinylpyrenyl ligands: A case of non-innocence in organometallic chemistry

10.1021/ja075547t

The research focuses on the synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical behavior of mononuclear ruthenium complexes with vinyl, styryl, and vinylpyrenyl ligands. These complexes were designed to investigate the effects of extending the π-system of the vinyl ligand, manipulating the electron density at the metal atom, and varying the degree of coordinative saturation at the metal atom on bonding, anodic behavior, and the metal versus ligand contribution to the redox-orbitals. The reactants used in the synthesis include ruthenium hydride complexes, terminal alkynes, and various phosphine ligands. The complexes were characterized using spectroscopic methods such as multinuclear NMR, IR, electronic spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Electrochemical analyses, including cyclic voltammetry, IR-spectroelectrochemistry, and ESR spectroscopy, were employed to study the redox behavior and electronic structure of the complexes. The experimental findings were further supported by quantum chemical calculations, which provided insights into the metal versus ligand contributions to the frontier molecular orbitals and the nature of the oxidation processes.

Regio- and stereoselective ruthenium-catalyzed hydrovinylation of 1,3-dienes: Application to the generation of a 20(S) steroidal side chain

10.1021/ol030031+

The research describes a regio- and stereoselective ruthenium-catalyzed hydrovinylation of 1,3-dienes, which is a C-C bond-forming reaction that uses ethylene as a cheap feedstock and proceeds in an atom-economical manner. The study focuses on the addition of ethylene to 1,3-dienes and 1-vinylcycloalkenes, catalyzed by two ruthenium complexes, resulting in the formation of 3-methyl-1,4-dienes. The reaction is particularly significant for a steroidal-based 1-vinylcycloalkene, as it yields a product with a 20(S) configuration, which is the opposite of most naturally occurring steroids. The chemicals used in the process include ethylene, 1,3-dienes, 1-vinylcycloalkenes, and two ruthenium catalysts, which are crucial for the selective addition reaction. The study concludes that this hydrovinylation reaction has potential for synthetic applications, especially in generating side chains with the 20(S) configuration, which is valuable for the preparation of nonnatural vitamin D3 analogues and other pharmaceutically relevant compounds.

Complexes of the platinum metals. 10. Dithioformato derivatives of ruthenium, osmium, and iridium

10.1021/ic50177a011

The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of new dithioformato complexes of platinum metals, specifically ruthenium, osmium, and iridium. The purpose of the study was to explore the "insertion" of carbon disulfide into platinum metal-hydrogen bonds, leading to the formation of a range of dithioformato complexes. The researchers used various chemical species, including [MX(S2CH)(CO)(PPh3)2] (with M being Ru or Os and X being Cl, Br, or OCOCF3), [M(S2CH)2(PPh3)2], [IrCl2(S2CH)(PPh3)2], and others, to investigate the stereochemistry and structure of these complexes. The conclusions drawn from the study were that the dithioformate anion could be detected and characterized by its IR and proton NMR spectra, and that the stereochemistry of the complexes could be assigned based on NMR patterns and couplings. The research also established that the dithioformate ligands exhibit specific NMR couplings that are valuable for determining the stereochemistry of the complexes. The study provided a comprehensive series of dithioformato complexes, contributing to the understanding of their synthesis, structure, and potential applications.

Enantioconservative synthesis and ring closing metathesis of disubstituted dialkenic amides

10.1016/S0040-4039(98)01432-4

The research focuses on the enantioconservative synthesis and ring closing metathesis of disubstituted dialkenic amides, which are direct precursors to Z-ethylenic pseudopeptides. The purpose of the study was to develop a method for synthesizing these amides with total conservation of enantiomeric purity, using Grubbs' ruthenium-based metathesis catalysts. The researchers successfully synthesized optically pure disubstituted dialkenic amides and cyclized them to lactams without racemization, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Key chemicals used in the process include 1-benzyl-prop-2-enylamine N-protected by the 2,4-dimethoxybenzyl (Dmb) group, (R)-2-benzyl-but-3-enoic acid, and the ruthenium catalysts 4a and 4b. The study concluded that the enantioconservative synthesis of N-protected diethylenic amides is possible, and that despite steric crowding, these amides can undergo smooth ring closing metathesis, leading to substituted ethylenic lactams which are direct precursors of Z-ethylenic pseudodipeptides.

Post RFQ for Price