Melamine

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Melamine
• CAS No.: 108-78-1
• Deprecated CAS: 130392-03-9,169314-62-9,504-18-7,65544-34-5,67757-43-1,68379-55-5,70371-19-6,94977-27-2,1228929-27-8,1399841-69-0,1399841-71-4,1399841-73-6,1228929-27-8,169314-62-9,504-18-7,65544-34-5,67757-43-1,68379-55-5,94977-27-2
• Molecular Formula: C3H6N6
• Molecular Weight: 126.121
• Hs Code.: 2933.61 Oral, rat LD50: 3161 mg/kg
• European Community (EC) Number: 203-615-4
• ICSC Number: 1154
• NSC Number: 8152,2130
• UNII: N3GP2YSD88
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID6020802
• Nikkaji Number: J2.428G
• Wikipedia: Melamine
• Wikidata: Q212553
• Metabolomics Workbench ID: 49629
• ChEMBL ID: CHEMBL1231106
• Mol file: 108-78-1.mol

Synonyms:1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine;2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine;melamine;melamine bis(oxymethyl)phosphonic acid salt;melamine oxalate (1:1);melamine phosphate;melamine sulfate (1:1);melamine sulfate (1:2);melamine sulfate (2:1), dihydrate;melamine sulfate (4:1), tetrahydrate;melamine sulfite (1:1);melamine sulfite (2:1), dihydrate;melamine sulfite (2:1), tetrahydrate;melaminium acetate acetic acid solvate;melaminium citrate

Chemical Property of Melamine

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: white solid
• Vapor Pressure: 0.001mmHg at 25°C
• Melting Point: 354 °C
• Refractive Index: 1.872
• Boiling Point: 557.541 °C at 760 mmHg
• PKA: 5(at 25℃)
• Flash Point: 325.302 °C
• PSA: 116.73000
• Density: 1.661 g/cm³
• LogP: 0.36180
• Storage Temp.: −20°C
• Solubility.: water: soluble25mg/mL, clear to slightly hazy, colorless
• Water Solubility.: 3 g/L (20 ºC)
• XLogP3: -1.4
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 3
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 6
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 126.06539422
• Heavy Atom Count: 9
• Complexity: 63.3

Purity/Quality:

99% ^*data from raw suppliers

Melamine ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): Xi,Xn
• Hazard Codes: Xi,Xn
• Statements: 43-44-20/21
• Safety Statements: 36/37

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Nitrogen Compounds -> Triazines
• Canonical SMILES: C1(=NC(=NC(=N1)N)N)N
• Inhalation Risk: A nuisance-causing concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
• Industrial Applications: Melamine is widely used in various industrial applications, including adhesives, plastics, flame retardants, cleaners, polymer resins, fertilizers, and catalysis. It is utilized in wood panels, paints, coatings, foam seating, mattresses, automotive brake tubes, and hoses.
• Health Risks and Regulatory Status: Melamine has been classified as "carcinogenic to humans" and may cause damage to organs, particularly the urinary tract, through prolonged or repeated exposure. It is considered a potential groundwater contaminant. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends daily melamine intake to be less than 0.2 mg/kg body weight per day.
• Industrial and Domestic Uses: Melamine is utilized in paints, coatings, foam seating, bedding, plasticizers in concrete, automobile brake tubes, and hoses. It is also used in thermally fused melamine paper, whiteboards, flakeboards, sealants, inkjet ink, and melamine-formaldehyde resins for laminates, coatings, plastics, adhesives, and dishware.
• Detection Methods: Standard methods for detecting melamine in milk involve chromatographic techniques, which are expensive and time-consuming. Alternative techniques such as infrared, Raman, and UV spectrometry are also employed for melamine detection in milk, providing faster and potentially more cost-effective options.

Technology Process of Melamine

There total 126 articles about Melamine which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

guanidine nitrate (113-00-8) + malononitrile (109-77-3) → 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (1004-38-2) + 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine (108-78-1,25778-04-5,94977-27-2)

Guidance literature:

at 100 ℃;

DOI:10.1002/cbic.202000510

Reference yield:

malonic acid (141-82-2) + guanidine nitrate (113-00-8) + urea (57-13-6) → 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (1004-38-2) + 2-aminopyrimidine-4,6-diol (4425-67-6) + BARBITURIC ACID (67-52-7,944357-77-1) + 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine (108-78-1,25778-04-5,94977-27-2) + pyrimidine-2,4,5-triamine (3546-50-7) + C4H4N2O3*C4H5N3O2 + 2,6-diaminopyrimidin-4-ol (56-06-4) + 4,6-diamino-2-hydroxypyrimidine (31458-45-4) + Malonamic acid (2345-56-4)

Guidance literature:

at 65 ℃; for 120h;

DOI:10.1002/cbic.202000510

Reference yield:

urea phosphate (4861-19-2,4401-74-5) → 2,4,6-triamino-s-triazine (108-78-1,25778-04-5,94977-27-2) + cyanuric acid (108-80-5,27026-93-3,27941-25-9) + ammonium cyclotriphosphate + carbamic Acid (463-77-4)

Guidance literature:

With ammonium nitrate; urea; In neat (no solvent); byproducts: NH3, CO2; heating (molar ration (NH2)2CO:H2PO4(1-) >3, 210°C, 2 h); extn. (MeOH or MeOH/H2O (50/50)), recrystn. (MeOH/H2O or acetone/H2O);

upstream raw materials:

1,3,5-trichloro-2,4,6-triazine

cyanuric bromide

2,4,6-tris(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine

BIURET

Downstream raw materials:

bis(hydroxymethyl)melamine

2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylamino-1,3,5-triazine

[1,3,5]triazine-2,4,6-triyltriamino-tris-methanol

hexa(hydroxymethyl)melamine

Refernces

• 1、 Lapp,Kiser. "-". . p. 1559. Retrieved 1963.
• 2、 Matulková, Irena,Němec, Ivan,Císa?ová, Ivana,Němec, Petr,Mi?ka, Zdeněk. "Inorganic salts of biguanide - Searching for new materials for second harmonic generation". . p. 103 - 120. Retrieved 2008.
• 3、 Werner, A. E.. "-". . p. 715 - 728. Retrieved 1915.
• 4、 Chambreau, Steven D.,Koh, Christine J.,Popolan-Vaida, Denisia M.,Gallegos, Christopher J.,Hooper, Justin B.,Bedrov, Dmitry,Vaghjiani, Ghanshyam L.,Leone, Stephen R.. "Flow-Tube Investigations of Hypergolic Reactions of a Dicyanamide Ionic Liquid Via Tunable Vacuum Ultraviolet Aerosol Mass Spectrometry". . p. 8011 - 8023. Retrieved 2016.
• 5、 Mosher,Whitmore. "". . p. 662. Retrieved 1945.
• 6、 Velpula, Venkata Ramana Kumar,Ketike, Thirupathaiah,Paleti, Gidyonu,Kamaraju, Seetha Rama Rao,Burri, David Raju. "A Facile Synthesis of Pd–C3N4@Titanate Nanotube Catalyst: Highly Efficient in Mizoroki–Heck, Suzuki–Miyaura C–C Couplings". . p. 95 - 105. Retrieved 2020.
• 7、 Fettkenhauer, Christian,Weber, Jens,Antonietti, Markus,Dontsova, Dariya. "Novel carbon nitride composites with improved visible light absorption synthesized in ZnCl2-based salt melts". . p. 40803 - 40811. Retrieved 2014.
• 8、 Davis, T. L.,Rosenquist, E. N.. "". . p. 2112 - 2115. Retrieved 1937.
• 9、 -. "Dicyandiamide preparation method". Paragraph 0022-0025; 0028-0030; 0033-0035; 0038-0040; 0043-. . Retrieved 2021/01/24.
• 10、 -. "LOW-ENERGY CONSUMPTION PROCESS WITH REDUCED AMMONIA CONSUMPTION, FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HIGH-PURITY MELAMINE THROUGH THE PYROLYSIS OF UREA, AND RELATIVE PLANT". Paragraph 0103-0123. . Retrieved 2020/02/13.