Lead monoxide

Base Information

• Chemical Name: Lead monoxide
• CAS No.: 1317-36-8
• Deprecated CAS: 12359-23-8,1309-59-7
• Molecular Formula: PbO
• Molecular Weight: 225.215
• Hs Code.: 2824 10 00
• European Community (EC) Number: 215-267-0,634-758-4
• ICSC Number: 0288
• NSC Number: 57634
• UN Number: 2291,3288,3077
• DSSTox Substance ID: DTXSID601018731
• Wikipedia: Lead(II) oxide,Lead(II)_oxide,Litharge,Massicot
• Wikidata: Q407879
• Mol file: 1317-36-8.mol

Synonyms:lead dioxide;lead monoxide;lead oxide

Chemical Property of Lead monoxide

Chemical Property:

• Appearance/Colour: yellow powder
• Vapor Pressure: 10 mm Hg ( 0 °C)
• Melting Point: 886 ºC
• Refractive Index: 2.67
• Boiling Point: 1470 ºC
• PSA: 17.07000
• Density: 9.53 g/cm³
• LogP: -0.49960
• Storage Temp.: Store below +30°C.
• Solubility.: Soluble in concentrated alkali, HCl and ammonium chloride. Insol
• Water Solubility.: Soluble in concentrated alkali, hydrochloric acid, and ammonium chloride. Insoluble in water, dilute alkali and alcohol.
• Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0
• Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count: 1
• Rotatable Bond Count: 0
• Exact Mass: 223.97157
• Heavy Atom Count: 2
• Complexity: 2
• Transport DOT Label: Poison

Purity/Quality:

98% ^*data from raw suppliers

Lead(II) oxide ^*data from reagent suppliers

Safty Information:

• Pictogram(s): T,N
• Hazard Codes: T,N
• Statements: 61-20/22-33-50/53-62
• Safety Statements: 53-45-60-61

MSDS Files:

SDS file from LookChem

Total 1 MSDS from other Authors

Useful:

• Chemical Classes: Metals -> Lead Compounds, Inorganic
• Canonical SMILES: O=[Pb]
• Inhalation Risk: A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.
• Effects of Long Term Exposure: The substance may have effects on the blood, bone marrow, central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and kidneys. This may result in anaemia, encephalopathy (for example, convulsions), peripheral nerve disease, abdominal cramps and kidney impairment. Causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.
• Uses: 1. Lead oxide is Mainly used in electron tubes, picture tubes, optical glass, anti-X-ray lead glass and radiation-resistant rubber products.2. Used in smelting metal lead and preparing lead glass, lead compound, catalyst and paint drier.3. Used as analytical reagents, silicate flux, but also for the precipitation of amino acids4. Lead oxide is used in the manufacture of PVC plastic stabilizer and also is the raw materials of other lead salts. In the paint industry, it can be used with oil to make lead soap for paint driers. It can also be used in the manufacture of high refractive index optical glass, ceramic enamel, plane grinding agent of precision machine tool, medical raw materials and rubber coloring agent. It is also used for battery plate manufacturing, oil refining and so on.5. Used as pigments, metallurgical fluxes and paint driers, and also used in petroleum, rubber, glass, enamel and other industries6. Used as fluxing agents of decomposing silicate and metallurgy and paint driers, and also used for determination of gold and silver and precipitation of amino acids. It can be blended with glycerol to produce hard materials as adhesives in glass and rubber industry. Assay of gold and silver ores. In ointments, plasters; preparing solution of lead subacetate. Glazing pottery; glass flux for painting on porcelain and glass; lead glass; varnishes; with glycerol as metal cement; producing iridescent colors on brass and bronze; coloring sulfur-containing substances, e.g., hair, nails, wool, horn; manufacture of artificial tortoise shell and horn; pigment for rubber; manufacture of boiled linseed oil; in assay of gold and silver ores. Lead(II) oxide is employed mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components. It is used as an intermediate/precursor in the manufacture of several products, for example water proof cements, lubricants, lubricating oils, inorganic pigments, lead soaps, petroleum refining, rubber, cathode ray tube glass, and polyvinyl chloride (PVC). It is useful for lead acid batteries as cathode and anode. Lead monoxide scores significant applications in oil, gas and chemical manufactures. It is an efficient catalyst for condensation reactions in organic synthesis.
• Description: Lead(II) oxide occurs in two polymorphs, red, having a tetragonal crystal structure and yellow, having an orthorhombic crystal structure. Both forms occur naturally as rare minerals. The red form is known as “Litharge” and the yellow form is known as “Massico”.
• Physical properties: The oxide exhibits two crystalline modifications, the reddish or orange-red alpha form, known as litharge, and the yellow beta form, massicot. The alpha form constitutes tetragonal crystals while the beta modification is a yellow amorphous powder of orthorhombic crystal structure. The alpha form is stable at ordinary temperatures, converting to the beta form when heated at 489°C; density 9.35 g/cm3 (beta form); Moh’s hardness 2 (alpha form); the oxide melts at 888°C; vaporizes at 1,472°C with decomposition; vapor pressure 1 torr at 943°C and 5 torr at 1,039°C; practically insoluble in water (the solubility of alpha form is 17 mg/L at 20°C and that of beta form 23 mg/L at 22°C); insoluble in ethanol; soluble in dilute nitric acid and alkalies.

Technology Process of Lead monoxide

There total 4 articles about Lead monoxide which guide to synthetic route it. The literature collected by LookChem mainly comes from the sharing of users and the free literature resources found by Internet computing technology. We keep the original model of the professional version of literature to make it easier and faster for users to retrieve and use. At the same time, we analyze and calculate the most feasible synthesis route with the highest yield for your reference as below:

synthetic route:

Reference yield:

lead (7439-92-1) + oxygen (80937-33-3) → lead(II) oxide (1317-36-8)

Guidance literature:

In gaseous matrix; mixt. of Pb vapor (generated in furnace chamber, 760-890°C) and Ar carrier gas in flow tube reactor, mixed in reaction area with oxidizer to produce flame (175-190°C); chemiluminescence observed during reaction analyzed;

DOI:10.1016/0009-2614(84)85392-0

Reference yield:

lead (7439-92-1) + dihydrogen peroxide (7722-84-1) → lead hydroxide (1317-36-8) + lead tetrahydroxide (29491-37-0) + lead(II) oxide + lead dihydroxide + lead dioxide

Guidance literature:

In neat (no solvent); Irradiation (UV/VIS); (further products), lazer ablated Pb codeposited with H2O2 in excess Ar at 10 K for 60 min, annealed at 24-34 K, UV irradiated;

DOI:10.1021/jp053420p

Reference yield:

lead (7439-92-1) + hydrogen (1333-74-0) + oxygen (80937-33-3) → O2Pb2 + lead hydroxide (1317-36-8) + lead(II) oxide + lead dihydroxide + lead dioxide

Guidance literature:

In neat (no solvent); Irradiation (UV/VIS); lazer ablated Pb codeposited with H2+O2 in excess Ar at 10 K for 60 min,annealed at 22 K, UV irradiated;

DOI:10.1021/jp053420p

upstream raw materials:

lead

oxygen

hydrogen

dihydrogen peroxide

Downstream raw materials:

O₄Pb₄

Pb₂O₂

Refernces

Sonochemical synthesis of a new nano-plate lead(II) coordination polymer constructed of maleic acid

10.1016/j.ica.2010.04.024

The research focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a novel nano-sized lead(II) coordination polymer, [Pb(l7-Mal)]n (1), using maleic acid (H2Mal) as the organic ligand. The polymer was synthesized through a sonochemical method, which involves the application of ultrasound to induce chemical reactions. The study utilized various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), elemental analyses, and IR spectroscopy, to characterize the structure and properties of the synthesized polymer. The research also compared the thermal stability of the nano-sized polymer with its bulk counterpart, finding that the nano-sized material decomposes at a lower temperature, likely due to its higher surface-to-volume ratio. Upon calcination at 600 °C, the nano-sized polymer was converted into pure phase micro-sized lead(II) oxide (PbO). The study highlights the potential of sonochemical synthesis as an efficient method for producing nano-structured coordination polymers with unique properties suitable for nanotechnological applications.

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