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121-82-4

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Basic Information
CAS No.: 121-82-4
Name: HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE
Article Data: 42
Molecular Structure:
Molecular Structure of 121-82-4 (HEXAHYDRO-1,3,5-TRINITRO-1,3,5-TRIAZINE)
Formula: C3H6 N6 O6
Molecular Weight: 222.117
Synonyms: s-Triazine,hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro- (8CI);1,3,5-Triaza-1,3,5-trinitrocyclohexane;1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane;1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine;1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine;1,3,5-Trinitroperhydro-1,3,5-triazine;A 3;A 3 (explosive);A-IX 1;A-IX 2;CH 6 (explosive);CPX 301;CX 84A;Composition A 3;Cyclonite;Cyclotrimethylenenitramine;Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine;Giekfol;Heksoflen;Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-s-triazine;Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine;Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-s-triazine;Hexogen;Hexogen (explosive);Hexogen 5W;NSC 312447;PBX 9407;PBX(AF) 108;PBX-B 2238;PBX-C 117;PBX-L 3;PBX-L 5;PBX-MC;PBX-MVF;PBX-W 108;PBXC 116;PBXN 107;PBXN 107A;PBXN 108;PBXN 201;PBXN 6;PBXN 8;PBXN(AF) 108;PBXW108(E);PE 4;PE 4 (explosive);PHX 34;PMW 8;RDX;T4;TS 1;TS 1(propellant);Trimethylenetrinitramine;V 29;V 29 (propellant);
EINECS: 204-500-1
Density: 1.89g/cm3
Melting Point: 205 C
Boiling Point: 747°Cat760mmHg
Flash Point: 405.6°C
Solubility: insoluble
Hazard Symbols: High explosive, easily initiated by mercury fulminate. Toxic by inhalation and skin contact. TLV: 1.5 mg/m3.
Risk Codes: 11-23/24/25-36/37/38
Safety: Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Cases of epileptiform convulsions have been reported from exposure. It is one of the most powerful high explosives in use today. Has more shattering power than TNT and is often mixed with TNT as a bursting charge for aerial bombs, mines, and torpedoes. It is easily initiated by mercury fulminate, which may be used as a booster. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also AMINES, NITRATES, and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.
PSA: 147.18000
LogP: -0.26310
Synthetic route
100-97-0

hexamethylenetetramine

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: hexamethylenetetramine With nitric acid at 20℃; for 0.666667h;
Stage #2: With sodium nitrite at 20 - 70℃;
82%
With ammonium nitrate; Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate; nitric acid; acetic anhydride69%
With nitric acid
100-97-0

hexamethylenetetramine

108-24-7

acetic anhydride

141-43-5

ethanolamine

A

71545-63-6

1-acetoxy-2-nitro-2-aza-4-nitroxybutabe

B

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

C

76237-14-4

1-acetoxy-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triaza-8-nitroxyoctane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nitric acid In acetic acid at 50 - 60℃; for 1.5h;A n/a
B n/a
C 75%
100-97-0

hexamethylenetetramine

141-43-5

ethanolamine

A

71545-63-6

1-acetoxy-2-nitro-2-aza-4-nitroxybutabe

B

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

C

76237-14-4

1-acetoxy-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triaza-8-nitroxyoctane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nitric acid In acetic anhydride; acetic acid at 50 - 60℃; for 1.5h;A n/a
B n/a
C 75%

diammonium 1,3,5,7-tetraazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-3,7-disulfonate sulfate

A

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

B

2691-41-0

octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium nitrate; nitric acid In acetic anhydride; acetic acid at 70℃; for 0.333333h;A 70%
B 30%
30805-19-7

1,3,5-tripropionylperhydro-1,3,5-triazine

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nitric acid; trifluoroacetic anhydride In nitromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 4h;63%
4719-04-4

1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane

108-24-7

acetic anhydride

A

71545-63-6

1-acetoxy-2-nitro-2-aza-4-nitroxybutabe

B

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

C

76237-14-4

1-acetoxy-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triaza-8-nitroxyoctane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium nitrate; nitric acid In chloroform at 55 - 60℃; for 1h;A 41.3%
B n/a
C 62%
4719-04-4

1,3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane

A

71545-63-6

1-acetoxy-2-nitro-2-aza-4-nitroxybutabe

B

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

C

76237-14-4

1-acetoxy-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-triaza-8-nitroxyoctane

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium nitrate; nitric acid In chloroform; acetic anhydride at 55 - 60℃; for 1h;A 41.3%
B n/a
C 62%
32516-05-5

3,7-diacetyl-1,3,5,7-tetraaza-bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium nitrate; copper(II) nitrate trihydrate; nitric acid; acetic anhydride at 65℃; for 4h; Molecular sieve;62%
26028-46-6

1,3,5-tri-acetyl-1,3,5-triaza cyclohexane

A

14168-42-4

1-acetyl-3,5-dinitrohexahydro-1,3,5-triazine

B

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With ammonium nitrate; trifluoroacetic anhydride In nitromethane for 0.75h; Ambient temperature;A 61%
B 8%
108-24-7

acetic anhydride

C5H11N3O7S2(2-)*2K(1+)

A

121-82-4

Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine

B

1,3-dinitro-5-(2-nitro-ethyl)-[1,3,5]triazinane

C

C7H13N7O10

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With nitric acid at 8 - 25℃; for 0.5h; Nitration; Acetoxylation;A n/a
B 41%
C 48%
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Chemistry

Cyclonite's Molecular formula: C3H6N6O6
Cyclonite's Molar mass: 222.12 g.mol-1
Appearance: Colorless crystals
Density: 1.82 g/cm3
Melting point: 205.5 °C, 479 K, 402 °F
Boiling point: 234 °C, 507 K, 453 °F
Other names: RDX;1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-triazacyclohexane

History

The discovery of cyclonite dates from 1898 when Georg Friedrich Henning obtained a German patent (patent No. 104280) for its manufacture, by nitrating hexamethylenetetramine. In this patent, its properties as an explosive were at length described, as well as its possible use as a medical compound mentioned. Research and development were not published further until G. C. V. Herz obtained a British patent in 1921 and a U.S. patent in 1922, for its manufacture by nitrating hexamethylenetetramine. Later in the 1920s cyclonite was produced by the direct nitration of hexamine.

Uses

Cyclonite is an explosive nitroamine widely used in military and industrial applications.
As an explosive, cyclonite is usually used in mixtures with other explosives and plasticizers, phlegmatizers or desensitizers.
Cyclonite is also used as a major component of many plastic bonded explosives used in nuclear weapons.

Toxicity Data With Reference

1.   

orl-cld TDLo: 85 mg/kg

   JTCTDW    Journal of Toxicology, Clinical Toxicology. 24 (1986),305.
2.   

orl-rat LD50:100 mg/kg

   TXAPA9    Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 39 (1977),531.
3.   

ipr-rat LDLo:10 mg/kg

   EATR**    U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010) EB-TR-73040 .
4.   

ivn-rat LDLo:18 mg/kg

   EATR**    U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010) EB-TR-73040 .
5.   

orl-mus LD50:59 mg/kg

   NTIS**    National Technical Information Service. (Springfield, VA 22161) (Formerly U.S. Clearinghouse for Scientific and Technical Information) AD-A092-531 .
6.   

ivn-mus LD50:19 mg/kg

   EATR**    U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010) EB-TR-73040 .
7.   

orl-cat LDLo:100 mg/kg

   FATOAO    Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). 7 (1944),43.
8.   

orl-rbt LDLo:500 mg/kg

   FATOAO    Farmakologiya i Toksikologiya (Moscow). 7 (1944),43.
9.   

ivn-gpg LD50:25 mg/kg

   EATR**    U.S. Army, Edgewood Arsenal Technical Report. (Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010) EB-TR-73040 .

Consensus Reports

Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.

Safety Profile

Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, and intravenous routes. An experimental teratogen. Other experimental reproductive effects. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Cases of epileptiform convulsions have been reported from exposure. It is one of the most powerful high explosives in use today. Has more shattering power than TNT and is often mixed with TNT as a bursting charge for aerial bombs, mines, and torpedoes. It is easily initiated by mercury fulminate, which may be used as a booster. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. See also AMINES, NITRATES, and EXPLOSIVES, HIGH.

Standards and Recommendations

OSHA PEL: TWA 1.5 mg/m3 (skin)
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.5 mg/m3 (skin); Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen
DOT Classification:  EXPLOSIVE 1.1D; Label: EXPLOSIVE 1.1D