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CAS No.: | 74-90-8 |
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Name: | HYDROGEN CYANIDE |
Article Data: | 2445 |
Molecular Structure: | |
Formula: | CHN |
Molecular Weight: | 27.0256 |
Synonyms: | Acide cyanhydrique;BRN 1718793;Carbon hydride nitride (CHN);Acido cianidrico;Formic anammonide;Formonitrile;Hydrogen cyanide;Prussic acid;Cyclon;UN 1051;UNII-2WTB3V159F; |
EINECS: | 200-821-6 |
Density: | 0.695 g/cm3 |
Melting Point: | -13.4 °C, 260 K, 8 °F |
Boiling Point: | 25.7 °C at 760 mmHg |
Flash Point: | -17.8 °C |
Solubility: | Miscible with water |
Appearance: | Colorless liquid |
Hazard Symbols: | F+,T+,N |
Risk Codes: | 12-26-50/53-26/27/28 |
Safety: | 7/9-16-36/37-38-45-60-61 |
Transport Information: | UN 1051 6.1/PG 1 |
PSA: | 23.79000 |
LogP: | 0.13978 |
HYDROCYANIC ACID(74-90-8) was first isolated from a blue dye (Prussian blue) which had been known from 1704 but had a structure which was unknown.
In 1752 the French chemist Pierre Macquer made the important step of showing that Prussian blue could be converted to iron oxide plus a volatile component and that these could be used to reconstitute the dye.
In 1787 the French chemist Claude Louis Berthollet showed that Prussic acid did not contain oxygen, an important contribution to acid theory.
In 1815 Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac deduced Prussic acid's chemical formula. The radical cyanide in hydrogen cyanide was given its name from the Greek word for blue, again due to its derivation from Prussian blue.
The Hydrocyanic acid with CAS registry number of 74-90-8 is also known as Acide cyanhydrique. The IUPAC name is Formonitrile. It belongs to product categories of Hydrocyanic Acid; Inorganics; Inorganic Fluorides. Its EINECS registry number is 200-821-6. In addition, the formula is CHN and the molecular weight is 27.03. This chemical is a colorless liquid and should be stored in ventilated, cool, dry place away from Acids, alkalis and oxides.
Physical properties about Hydrocyanic acid are: (1)ACD/BCF (pH 5.5): 1; (2)ACD/BCF (pH 7.4): 1; (3)ACD/KOC (pH 5.5): 17.418; (4)ACD/KOC (pH 7.4): 17.418; (5)#H bond acceptors: 1; (6)Index of Refraction: 1.262; (7)Molar Refractivity: 6.418 cm3; (8)Molar Volume: 38.885 cm3; (9)Surface Tension: 18.898 dyne/cm; (10)Density: 0.695 g/cm3; (11)Enthalpy of Vaporization: 27.182 kJ/mol; (12)Boiling Point: 25.7 °C at 760 mmHg; (13)Vapour Pressure: 740.337 mmHg at 25 °C.
Preparation of Hydrocyanic acid: it is prepared by reaction of methane and ammonia in the presence of oxygen at the temperature of about 1200 °C over a platinum catalyst.
2CH4+2NH3+3O2→2HCN+6H2O
Uses of Hydrocyanic acid: it is used to produce hydroxy-acetonitrile by reaction with formaldehyde. The reaction occurs with reagent KCN and solvent CH2Cl2. The yield is about 85%. What's more, it is used as pesticide and for manufacture of cyanide. It is also used to synthesize nitrile rubber, synthetic fibers, plastics, glass and so on.
When you are using this chemical, please be cautious about it. As a chemical, it is very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. What's more, it is extremely flammable and very toxic to aquatic organisms that may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. During using it, wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. Keep container tightly closed and in a well-ventilated place away from sources of ignition. In case of insufficient ventilation wear suitable respiratory equipment and if accident happens or you feel unwell seek medical advice immediately. This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. Avoid release to the environment.
You can still convert the following datas into molecular structure:
1. Canonical SMILES: C#N
2. InChI: InChI=1S/CHN/c1-2/h1H
3. InChIKey: LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N
The toxicity data is as follows:
Organism | Test Type | Route | Reported Dose (Normalized Dose) | Effect | Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
bird - domestic | LDLo | oral | 600ug/kg (0.6mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
bird - domestic | LDLo | subcutaneous | 100ug/kg (0.1mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
bird - wild | LDLo | oral | 7500ug/kg (7.5mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
bird - wild | LDLo | subcutaneous | 100ug/kg (0.1mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
cat | LD50 | intravenous | 810ug/kg (0.81mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
cat | LDLo | subcutaneous | 1100ug/kg (1.1mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
dog | LD50 | intravenous | 1340ug/kg (1.34mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
dog | LDLo | oral | 4mg/kg (4mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
dog | LDLo | subcutaneous | 1700ug/kg (1.7mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
domestic animals - goat/sheep | LD50 | intravenous | 660ug/kg (0.66mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB158-508, | |
duck | LDLo | oral | 3280ug/kg (3.28mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
frog | LDLo | subcutaneous | 60mg/kg (60mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
guinea pig | LD50 | intravenous | 1430ug/kg (1.43mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
guinea pig | LDLo | subcutaneous | 100ug/kg (0.1mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
human | LCLo | inhalation | 120mg/m3/1H (120mg/m3) | Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol. 24, Pg. 255, 1942. | |
human | LCLo | inhalation | 200mg/m3/10M (200mg/m3) | BEHAVIORAL: GENERAL ANESTHETIC GASTROINTESTINAL: NAUSEA OR VOMITING LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: DYSPNEA | World Health Organization, Technical Report Series. Vol. -, Pg. 30, 1970. |
human | LDLo | oral | 570ug/kg (0.57mg/kg) | Pesticide Chemicals Official Compendium, Association of the American Pesticide Control Officials, Inc., 1966. Vol. -, Pg. 596, 1966. | |
human | LDLo | subcutaneous | 1mg/kg (1mg/kg) | Science Journal. Vol. 3(4), Pg. 33, 1967. | |
mammal (species unspecified) | LCLo | inhalation | 36ppm/2H (36ppm) | Tabulae Biologicae. Vol. 3, Pg. 231, 1933. | |
mammal (species unspecified) | LCLo | inhalation | 200ppm/5M (200ppm) | Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. Vol. 138, Pg. 65, 1928. | |
man | LCLo | inhalation | 400mg/m3/2M (400mg/m3) | "Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure," Izmerov, N.F., et al., Moscow, Centre of International Projects, GKNT, 1982Vol. -, Pg. 75, 1982. | |
man | LDLo | unreported | 1471ug/kg (1.471mg/kg) | "Poisoning; Toxicology, Symptoms, Treatments," 2nd ed., Arena, J.M., Springfield, IL, C.C. Thomas, 1970Vol. 2, Pg. 73, 1970. | |
man | TCLo | inhalation | 500mg/m3/3M-C (500mg/m3) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: MYDRIASIS (PUPILLARY DILATION): EYE BEHAVIORAL: COMA LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION | Human Toxicology. Vol. 3, Pg. 57, 1984. |
man | TDLo | intravenous | 55ug/kg (0.055mg/kg) | LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION | National Technical Information Service. Vol. PB158-508, |
monkey | LD50 | intravenous | 1300ug/kg (1.3mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
mouse | LC50 | inhalation | 323ppm/5M (323ppm) | Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. Vol. 42, Pg. 417, 1977. | |
mouse | LD50 | intramuscular | 2700ug/kg (2.7mg/kg) | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 23, Pg. 455, 1964. | |
mouse | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 2990ug/kg (2.99mg/kg) | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 23, Pg. 455, 1964. | |
mouse | LD50 | intravenous | 990ug/kg (0.99mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
mouse | LD50 | oral | 3700ug/kg (3.7mg/kg) | Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises. Vol. 19, Pg. 740, 1961. | |
mouse | LDLo | subcutaneous | 3mg/kg (3mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
pig | LDLo | oral | 2mg/kg (2mg/kg) | Archives of Environmental Health. Vol. 22, Pg. 496, 1971. | |
pigeon | LDLo | intramuscular | 1500ug/kg (1.5mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
pigeon | LDLo | oral | 14mg/kg (14mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
pigeon | LDLo | subcutaneous | 2150ug/kg (2.15mg/kg) | "Ueber die Wirkung Verschiedener Gifte Auf Vogel, Dissertation," Forchheimer, L., Pharmakologischen Institut der Universitat Wurzburg, Fed. Rep. Ger., 1931Vol. -, Pg. -, 1931. | |
rabbit | LC50 | inhalation | 208mg/m3/35M (208mg/m3) | BRAIN AND COVERINGS: OTHER DEGENERATIVE CHANGES CARDIAC: OTHER CHANGES BLOOD: OTHER CHANGES | Toxic Substances Journal. Vol. 13, Pg. 263, 1994. |
rabbit | LD50 | intramuscular | 486ug/kg (0.486mg/kg) | Journal of the American College of Toxicology. Vol. 1(3), Pg. 120, 1982. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intraperitoneal | 1570ug/kg (1.57mg/kg) | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 23, Pg. 455, 1964. | |
rabbit | LD50 | intravenous | 660ug/kg (0.66mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, | |
rabbit | LD50 | ocular | 1040ug/kg (1.04mg/kg) | SENSE ORGANS AND SPECIAL SENSES: OTHER: EYE LUNGS, THORAX, OR RESPIRATION: RESPIRATORY STIMULATION BEHAVIORAL: ATAXIA | Journal of Toxicology, Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology. Vol. 2, Pg. 119, 1983. |
rabbit | LD50 | subcutaneous | 2500ug/kg (2.5mg/kg) | British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy. Vol. 23, Pg. 455, 1964. | |
rabbit | LDLo | oral | 4mg/kg (4mg/kg) | "Abdernalden's Handbuch der Biologischen Arbeitsmethoden." Vol. 4, Pg. 1340, 1935. | |
rat | LC50 | inhalation | 160ppm/30M (160ppm) | Fundamental and Applied Toxicology. Vol. 9, Pg. 236, 1987. | |
rat | LD50 | intravenous | 810ug/kg (0.81mg/kg) | National Technical Information Service. Vol. AD-A028-501, |