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Basic Information
| CAS No.: | 75-44-5 | |
|---|---|---|
| Name: | PHOSGENE | |
| Article Data: | 628 | |
| Molecular Structure: | ||
|
|
||
| Formula: | CCl2 O | |
| Molecular Weight: | 98.9164 | |
| Synonyms: | Phosgene(8CI); CG; Carbon dichloride oxide; Carbon oxychloride; Carbonyl chloride;Carbonyl dichloride; Chloroformyl chloride; Dichloroformaldehyde; Phosgen | |
| EINECS: | 200-870-3 | |
| Density: | 1.523 g/cm3 | |
| Melting Point: | -118 C | |
| Boiling Point: | 8.2 °C at 760 mmHg | |
| Flash Point: | 4°C | |
| Solubility: | decomposes | |
| Appearance: | colourless gas | |
| Hazard Symbols: | Very toxic via inhalation, strong irritant to eyes. TLV: 0.1 ppm. | |
| Risk Codes: | 26-34 | |
| Safety: |
A human poison by inhalation. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. In the presence of moisture, phosgene decomposes to form hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide. This occurs in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema followed by bronchopneumonia and occasionally lung abscess. There is little immediate irritating effect upon the respiratory tract, and the warning properties of the gas are therefore very slight. There may be no immediate warning that dangerous concentrations are being inhaled. After a latent period of 2 to 24 hours, the patient complains of burning in the throat and chest, shortness of breath, and increasing dyspnea. Where the exposure has been severe, the development of pulmonary edema may be so rapid that the patient dies within 36 hours after exposure. In cases where the exposure has been less, pneumonia may develop several days after the occurrence of the accident. In patients who recover, no permanent residual disability is thought to occur. A common air contaminant. Under the appropriate conditions it undergoes hazardous reactions with Al, tert-butyl azido formate, 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-diol, isopropyl alcohol, K, Na, sodium azide, hexafluoroisopropylideneamino lithium, lithium. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it will react to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of CO and Cl−. Caution: Arrangements should be made for monitoring its use. | |
Analytical Methods: | For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-61. |
|
| Transport Information: | UN 3384 | |
| PSA: | 17.07000 | |
| LogP: | 1.58400 | |
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Synthetic route
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With catalyst: charcoal in laboratorium, at ambient temp., in a glas tube filled with charcoal; | 100% |
| pyrographite at 40 - 85℃; under 1050.11 - 5250.53 Torr; Product distribution / selectivity; Continuous process; | |
| pyrographite at 45 - 93.5℃; under 1500.15 - 3750.38 Torr; Shell-and-tube reactor; |
- 32315-10-9
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
A
- 56-23-5
tetrachloromethane
B
- 75-44-5
phosgene
C
- 124-38-9
carbon dioxide
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With copper phthalocyanine at 90℃; for 0.583333h; Mechanism; Reagent/catalyst; Temperature; Time; | A n/a B 100% C n/a |
...Expand
- 355-80-6
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentan-1-ol
- 32315-10-9
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
A
- 75-44-5
phosgene
B
- 2157-80-4
2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl chloroformate
C
- 4454-75-5
bis(2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl) carbonate
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate With pyridine In pentane at -15℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentan-1-ol In pentane at -15℃; for 6h; | A n/a B 95% C 5% |
...Expand
- 32315-10-9
bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate
- 440-60-8
(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)methanol
A
- 75-44-5
phosgene
B
- 53526-74-2
2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate With pyridine In pentane at -15℃; for 1h; Stage #2: (2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)methanol In pentane at -15 - 0℃; for 6h; | A n/a B 92% C 8% |
...Expand
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With water; antimony(V) chloride In water reaction at 60°C on addn. of 0.1 mol SbCl5;; | 90% |
| With water; Gallium trichloride In water reaction at 60°C on addn. of 0.1 mol GaCl3;; | 89% |
| With air; fired clay fragments |
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| Stage #1: bis(trichloromethyl) carbonate With pyridine In pentane at -15℃; for 1h; Stage #2: 2-(pentafluorophenoxy)ethanol In pentane at -15 - 20℃; for 6h; | A n/a B 86% C 11% |
...Expand
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- 75-44-5
phosgene
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With chloro-trimethyl-silane; ammonium chloride In tetrahydrofuran | 73% |
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With sulfur dioxide In neat (no solvent) reaction of CCl4 with SO2 on heating to 200°C;; | A n/a B 72% |
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With CO In thionyl chloride AuCl3 suspended in SOCl2 under N2, reaction flask evacuated, filled with CO at atm. pressure, stirred at 20.1°C until Au2Cl6 disappeared(36 h); filtration, drying in vac.; | A n/a B 67% |
Conditions
| Conditions | Yield |
|---|---|
| With chloro-trimethyl-silane In tetrahydrofuran | 63% |
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This product is a nationally controlled contraband, and the Lookchem platform doesn't provide relevant sales information.
Chemistry
Molecular formula: CCl2O
Molar mass: 98.92 g mol-1
Structure:
Appearance: colorless gas
Density: 4.248 g/dm3 (15 °C); 1.432 g/cm3 (0 °C)
Melting point: -118 °C, 155 K, -180 °F
Boiling point: 8.3 °C, 281 K, 47 °F
Flash point: 4 °C
Solubility in water: hydrolysis
Solubility: soluble in benzene, toluene, acetic acid; decomposes in alcohol and acid
Molar mass: 98.92 g mol-1
Structure:
Appearance: colorless gas
Density: 4.248 g/dm3 (15 °C); 1.432 g/cm3 (0 °C)
Melting point: -118 °C, 155 K, -180 °F
Boiling point: 8.3 °C, 281 K, 47 °F
Flash point: 4 °C
Solubility in water: hydrolysis
Solubility: soluble in benzene, toluene, acetic acid; decomposes in alcohol and acid
History
In 1812, Phosgene(75-44-5) was synthesized by the chemist John Davy (1790-1868) by exposing a mixture of carbon monoxide and chlorine to sunlight. He named it in reference to use of light to promote the reaction; from Greek, phos (light) and gene (born). It gradually became important in the chemical industry as the 19th century progressed, particularly in dye manufacturing.
Uses
Uses of phosgene(75-44-5) include the manufacture of toluene diisocyanate, methylone diisocyanate, and polycarbonate resins.
Production
Phosgene(75-44-5) is manufactured by reacting chlorine gas and carbon monoxide in the presence of activated carbon.
CO + Cl2 → O=CCl2
Toxicity Data With Reference
| 1. | ihl-hmn LC50:3200 mg/m3 | SCJUAD Science Journal. 4 (1967),33. | ||
| 2. | ihl-hmn TCLo:25 ppm/30M:PUL | 29ZWAE Practical Toxicology of Plastics Lefaux, R.,Cleveland, OH.: Chemical Rubber Company,1968,207. | ||
| 3. | ihl-man LCLo:360 mg/m3/30M | 85GMAT Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure Izmerov, N.F., et al.,Moscow, USSR.: Centre of International Projects, GKNT,1982,99. | ||
| 4. | ihl-mam LCLo:50 ppm/5M | AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. 138 (1928),65. | ||
| 5. | ihl-cat LCLo:190 mg/m3/15M | 85GMAT Toxicometric Parameters of Industrial Toxic Chemicals Under Single Exposure Izmerov, N.F., et al.,Moscow, USSR.: Centre of International Projects, GKNT,1982,99. | ||
| 6. | ihl-uns LCLo:50 ppm/5M | AEPPAE Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archiv fuer Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie. 138 (1928),65. | ||
| 7. | ihl-uns LCLo:11 mg/m3/30M | TABIA2 Tabulae Biologicae. 3 (1933),231. |
Consensus Reports
EPA Extremely Hazardous Substances List. Community Right-To-Know List. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory.
Safety Profile
A human poison by inhalation. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. In the presence of moisture, phosgene decomposes to form hydrochloric acid and carbon monoxide. This occurs in the bronchioles and alveoli of the lungs, resulting in pulmonary edema followed by bronchopneumonia and occasionally lung abscess. There is little immediate irritating effect upon the respiratory tract, and the warning properties of the gas are therefore very slight. There may be no immediate warning that dangerous concentrations are being inhaled. After a latent period of 2 to 24 hours, the patient complains of burning in the throat and chest, shortness of breath, and increasing dyspnea. Where the exposure has been severe, the development of pulmonary edema may be so rapid that the patient dies within 36 hours after exposure. In cases where the exposure has been less, pneumonia may develop several days after the occurrence of the accident. In patients who recover, no permanent residual disability is thought to occur. A common air contaminant.
Under the appropriate conditions it undergoes hazardous reactions with Al, tert-butyl azido formate, 2,4-hexadiyn-1,6-diol, isopropyl alcohol, K, Na, sodium azide, hexafluoroisopropylideneamino lithium, lithium. When heated to decomposition or on contact with water or steam it will react to produce toxic and corrosive fumes of CO and Cl−. Caution: Arrangements should be made for monitoring its use.
Standards and Recommendations
OSHA PEL: TWA 0.1 ppm
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.1 ppm
DFG MAK: 0.02 ppm (0.082 mg/m3)
NIOSH REL: (Phosgene) TWA 0.1 ppm; CL 0.2 ppm/15M
DOT Classification: 2.3; Label: Poison Gas, Corrosive
ACGIH TLV: TWA 0.1 ppm
DFG MAK: 0.02 ppm (0.082 mg/m3)
NIOSH REL: (Phosgene) TWA 0.1 ppm; CL 0.2 ppm/15M
DOT Classification: 2.3; Label: Poison Gas, Corrosive
Analytical Methods
For occupational chemical analysis use OSHA: #ID-61.