10138-62-2

Usage

Uses

Used in Nuclear Industry:
Holmium Chloride is used as a material in the nuclear industry for its radioactive properties and potential applications in nuclear energy and research.
Used in Lasers Research Applications:
Holmium Chloride is employed as a component in the development and research of lasers, particularly due to its ability to emit light at specific wavelengths when excited.
Used in Calibration of Optical Spectrophotometers:
Holmium Chloride is used as a reference material for calibrating optical spectrophotometers, ensuring accurate measurements and readings in various scientific and industrial applications.
Used as an Intermediate for Preparing Holmium Metal:
Holmium Chloride serves as an intermediate in the production process of holmium metal, which has its own set of applications in different industries, such as in the manufacturing of permanent magnets and as an additive in metal alloys to enhance their properties.

Preparation

Holmium chloride is obtained from rare-earth minerals. Recovery steps are discussed above (see Holmium). The rare-earth mineral is cracked by acid attack by heating with hydrochloric acid. The water-soluble chloride salt is filtered and separated from insoluble residues. The hydrated chloride salt is heated at 350°C in a current of hydrogen chloride to yield anhydrous HoCl3 . Heating in air in the absence of hydrogen chloride yields holmium oxychloride, HoOCl. Holmium chloride may be purified by distillation or vacuum sublimation. Holmium chloride also can be prepared by heating holmium oxide with ammonium chloride: Ho2O3 + 6NH4Cl-->2HoCl3 + 6NH3 + 3H2O

InChI:InChI=1/3ClH.Ho/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3

Upstream product

• 7782-50-5 chlorine 
• 7446-70-0 aluminium trichloride 
• 56-23-5 tetrachloromethane 
• 7647-01-0 hydrogenchloride 
• 13598-41-9 holmium 
• 127-19-5 N,N-dimethyl acetamide 
• 114363-94-9 HoCl₃*H₂O 

Downstream Products

• 13598-41-9 holmium 
• 121483-75-8 Ho(C₆H₅C₃N₂(CH₃)2ONHCOCH₃)2Cl₃ 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Ternary chlorides in the systems ACl/HoCl3 (A = Cs, Rb, K)

The phase diagrams of the pseudo-binary systems ACl/HoCl3 (A = Cs, Rb, K) were investigated by DTA and XRT. The existence of compounds A3HoCl6, Cs2HoCl5, Cs3Ho2Cl7 and AHo2Cl7 could be confirmed. Additionally, the 2:1-compounds Rb2HoCl5 (Cs2DyCl5-structure) and K2HoCl5(K2PrCl5-structure) were found. By solution enthalpy and e.m.f vs. T measurements in galvanic chlorine cells for solid electrolytes, the thermodynamic functions for the formation from ACl and HoCl3 and for the formation from the compounds adjacent in the phase diagrams were measured. The compounds A3HoCl6 could be prepared also from acetic acid solutions. From aqueous solutions, the ternary halides Cs4HoCl7 and Cs3HoCl6 crystallizing in the space group Pbcm were prepared. Anhydrous HoCl3 can be obtained comfortably from holmium formiate at approximately 300 °C in an HCl gas stream.

Molar heat capacity and thermodynamic properties of crystalline Ho(Asp)Cl2?6H2O

The molar heat capacity, C p,m, of a complex of holmium chloride coordinated with L-aspartic acid, Ho(Asp)Cl2?6H2O, was measured from 80 to 397 K with an automated adiabatic calorimeter. The thermodynamic functions H T-H 298.15 and S T-S 298.15 were derived from 80 to 395 K with temperature interval of 5 K. The thermal stability of the complex was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) technique, and the mechanism of thermal decomposing of the complex was determined based on the structure and the thermal analysis experiment.

Refractive indexes and electronic polarizabilities of molten HoCl3-NaCl and HoCl3-KCl mixtures

The refractive indexes of molten HoCl3-NaCl and HoCl3-KCl mixtures were measured by goniometry using visible light at eight wavelengths and expressed as functions of both temperature and wavelength into empirical formulas by a least-squares method. The electronic polarizabilities of ions in the mixture melts were obtained from the data of refractive indexes and molar volumes, and the polarizability of a Ho3+ ion was evaluated to be about 0.98 × 10-30 m3 according to the Clausius-Mossotti equation. The isotherms of these properties show little deviation from their additivity line.

Lanthanide carbonates

The crystal and molecular structures of the rare earth carbonates with the general formulae [C(NH2)]3 [Ln(CO3)4 (H2O)]·2H2O (where Ln = Pr3+,Nd 3+,Sm3+,Eu3+,Gd3+,Tb 3+)and [C(NH2)]3 [Ln(CO3) 4]·2H2O (where Ln = Y3+,Dy 3+,Ho3+,Er3+, Tm3+,Yb 3+,Lu3+) were determined. The crystals consist of monomeric [Ln(CO3)4 (H2O)] 5-or [Ln(CO3)4] 5-complex anions in which the carbonate ligands coordinate to the Ln3+ion in a bidentate manner. The spectroscopic (UV/Vis/NIR and IR) properties of the crystalline lanthanide carbonates, as well as their aqueous solutions, were determined. Correlation between the spectroscopic and the structural data enabled us to conclude that the [Ln(CO3)4 (OH)]6-and [Ln-(CO 3)4]5- species predominate in the light and heavy lanthanide solutions, respectively. The nature of the Ln-O interaction was also discussed. The experimental data, as well as the theoretical calculations, indicated that the Ln-O(CO3 2-) bond is more covalent than the Ln-O(OH2) bond. Moreover, the covalency degree is larger for the heavy lanthanide ions. Inspection of the NBO results revealed that the oxygen hybrids, with the approximate composition sp4, form strongly polarized bonds with the 6s6p5d4 hybrids of lutetium. 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state tartrates of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Solid state Ln2-L3 compounds, where Ln stands for heavy trivalent lanthanides (terbium to lutetium) and yttrium, and L is tartrate [(C4H4O6)-2] have been synthesized. Simultaneous thermogra

Comparison of covalency in the lanthanide chloride and nitrate complexes based on the adsorption data on zeolite y

The changes of the distribution constants Kd of lanthanide chlorides in the system: zeolite Y (solid phase)-sodium chloride (aqueous phase) were investigated. The evident tetrad effect in the change of log Kd values within the lantha

Structural characterization of methanol substituted lanthanum halides

The first study into the alcohol solvation of lanthanum halide [LaX3] derivatives as a means to lower the processing temperature for the production of the LaBr3 scintillators was undertaken using methanol (MeOH). Initially the de-hydration of {[La(μ-Br)(H2O)7](Br)2}2 (1) was investigated through the simple room temperature dissolution of 1 in MeOH. The mixed solvate monomeric [La(H2O)7(MeOH)2](Br)3 (2) compound was isolated where the La metal center retains its original 9-coordination through the binding of two additional MeOH solvents but necessitates the transfer of the innersphere Br to the outersphere. In an attempt to in situ dry the reaction mixture of 1 in MeOH over CaH2, crystals of [Ca(MeOH)6](Br)2 (3) were isolated. Compound 1 dissolved in MeOH at reflux temperatures led to the isolation of an unusual arrangement identified as the salt derivative {[LaBr2.75·5.25(MeOH)]+0.25 [LaBr3.25·4.75(MeOH)]-0.25} (4). The fully substituted species was ultimately isolated through the dissolution of dried LaBr3 in MeOH forming the 8-coordinated [LaBr3(MeOH)5] (5) complex. It was determined that the concentration of the crystallization solution directed the structure isolated (4 concentrated; 5 dilute) The other LaX3 derivatives were isolated as [(MeOH)4(Cl)2La(μ-Cl)]2 (6) and [La(MeOH)9](I)3·MeOH (7). Beryllium Dome XRD analysis indicated that the bulk material for 5 appear to have multiple solvated species, 6 is consistent with the single crystal, and 7 was too broad to elucidate structural aspects. Multinuclear NMR (139La) indicated that these compounds do not retain their structure in MeOD. TGA/DTA data revealed that the de-solvation temperatures of the MeOH derivatives 4-6 were slightly higher in comparison to their hydrated counterparts.

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of heavy lanthanide and yttrium pyruvates in the solid state

Solid-state Ln-L compounds, where Ln stands for heavy trivalent lanthanides or yttrium (III) (Tb-Lu, Y) and where L is pyruvate, have been synthesized. Thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-R

Synthesis, characterization and thermal behaviour of solid-state 3-methoxybenzoates of heavy trivalent lanthanides and yttrium(III)

Solid-state Ln(L)3 compounds, where Ln stands for trivalent Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and Y, and L is 3-methoxybenzoate, have been synthesized. X-ray powder diffractometry, infrared spectroscopy, complexometry and elemental analysis were used to characterize the compounds. Inorder to study the thermal behaviour of these compounds simultaneous th ermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The results provided information on the composition, dehydration, polymorphic transformation, thermal stability and thermal decomposition of the synthesized compounds.

Acceptor doping of Ln2Ti2O7 (Ln = Dy, Ho, Yb) pyrochlores with divalent cations (Mg, Ca, Sr, Zn)

New LANTIOX high-temperature conductors with the pyrochlore structure, (Ln1-xAx)2Ti2O7-δ (Ln = Dy, Ho, Yb; A = Ca, Mg, Zn; x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.07, 0.1), have been prepared at 1400-1600 °C usin