10523-96-3Relevant articles and documents
Cycloshikonin and Its Derivatives. A Synthetic Route of Shikonin
Tanoue, Yasuhiro,Terada, Akira,Sugyoe, Yasunari
, p. 1437 - 1439 (1987)
Intramolecular cyclizations of 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1,4-dihydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and 2-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-pentenyl)-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene (9) with p-toluenesulfonic acid gave 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (2), and 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl)-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene (6), respectively.Demethylation of 6 with CAN and AgO-40percent HNO3 gave 2.Ring-opening of 2 in acetic anhydride with p-toluenesulfonic acid was succesful to afford 5,8-diacetoxy-2-(1,4-diacetoxy-4-methylpentyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (12), and the following hydrolysis by alkali produced 4, which could be derived to (+/-)-shikonin.
Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in SNReactions—Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
Huy, Peter H.,Motsch, Sebastian,Kappler, Sarah M.
supporting information, p. 10145 - 10149 (2016/08/16)
A simple formamide catalyst facilitates the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides with benzoyl chloride as the sole reagent. These nucleophilic substitutions proceed through iminium-activated alcohols as intermediates. The novel method, which can be even performed under solvent-free conditions, is distinguished by an excellent functional group tolerance, scalability (>100 g) and waste-balance (E-factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one-pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac-Clopidogrel and S-Fendiline.
(E-Z)-ISOMERISATION OF CHLOROOLEFINS
Prochazka, Milos,Adamcova, Jindriska,Palecek, Milos
, p. 1388 - 1400 (2007/10/02)
Equilibrium constants for the (E-Z)-isomerisation of the compounds R-CH=CH-Cl were determined and the experimental values compared with energy differences, calculated by the CNDO/2 method.