10523-96-3Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Cycloshikonin and Its Derivatives. A Synthetic Route of Shikonin
Tanoue, Yasuhiro,Terada, Akira,Sugyoe, Yasunari
, p. 1437 - 1439 (1987)
Intramolecular cyclizations of 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(1,4-dihydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (4) and 2-(1-hydroxy-4-methyl-4-pentenyl)-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene (9) with p-toluenesulfonic acid gave 5,8-dihydroxy-2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (2), and 2-(5,5-dimethyl-2-tetrahydrofuranyl)-1,4,5,8-tetramethoxynaphthalene (6), respectively.Demethylation of 6 with CAN and AgO-40percent HNO3 gave 2.Ring-opening of 2 in acetic anhydride with p-toluenesulfonic acid was succesful to afford 5,8-diacetoxy-2-(1,4-diacetoxy-4-methylpentyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (12), and the following hydrolysis by alkali produced 4, which could be derived to (+/-)-shikonin.
METHOD OF CONVERTING ALCOHOL TO HALIDE
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Page/Page column 53; 132; 138; 139, (2017/01/02)
The present invention relates to a method of converting an alcohol into a corresponding halide. This method comprises reacting the alcohol with an optionally substituted aromatic carboxylic acid halide in presence of an N-substituted formamide to replace a hydroxyl group of the alcohol by a halogen atom. The present invention also relates to a method of converting an alcohol into a corresponding substitution product. The second method comprises: (a) performing the method of the invention of converting an alcohol into the corresponding halide; and (b) reacting the corresponding halide with a nucleophile to convert the halide into the nucleophilic substitution product.
Formamides as Lewis Base Catalysts in SNReactions—Efficient Transformation of Alcohols into Chlorides, Amines, and Ethers
Huy, Peter H.,Motsch, Sebastian,Kappler, Sarah M.
supporting information, p. 10145 - 10149 (2016/08/16)
A simple formamide catalyst facilitates the efficient transformation of alcohols into alkyl chlorides with benzoyl chloride as the sole reagent. These nucleophilic substitutions proceed through iminium-activated alcohols as intermediates. The novel method, which can be even performed under solvent-free conditions, is distinguished by an excellent functional group tolerance, scalability (>100 g) and waste-balance (E-factor down to 2). Chiral substrates are converted with excellent levels of stereochemical inversion (99 %→≥95 % ee). In a practical one-pot procedure, the primary formed chlorides can be further transformed into amines, azides, ethers, sulfides, and nitriles. The value of the method was demonstrated in straightforward syntheses of the drugs rac-Clopidogrel and S-Fendiline.
Reaction of Azoalkanes with Isolable Cation Radical Salts
Engel, Paul S.,Robertson, Donald M.,Scholz, John N.,Shine, Henry J.
, p. 6178 - 6187 (2007/10/02)
Three tertiary azoalkanes related in the sense acyclic, cyclic, and bicyclic are shown to evolve nitrogen upon oxidation with stable cation radical salts.Thus azo-tert-octane (ATO), 3,3,6,6-tetramethyl-1,2-diazacyclohexene (TMDAC), and 1,4-dimethyl-2,3-diazabicyclooct-2-ene (Me2DBO) react rapidly with thianthrenium perchlorate (Th(.1+)ClO4(1-)), tris(p-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (TBPA(.1+)SbCl6(1-)), and TBPA(.1+)SbF6(1-).The ether and olefin products, which are formed in high yield in CH2Cl2/MeOH solvent, are not those expected from the usual free-radical decomposition of azoalkanes but instead implicate carbocations.Althrough the reaction stoichiometry clearly requires 2 equiv of cation radical salt to one of azoalkane, the mechanism is not yet clearly defined.A complication in these studies is found in the ability of certain cation radical salts to oxidize more azoalkane than expected based on the 2:1 stoichiometry.
(E-Z)-ISOMERISATION OF CHLOROOLEFINS
Prochazka, Milos,Adamcova, Jindriska,Palecek, Milos
, p. 1388 - 1400 (2007/10/02)
Equilibrium constants for the (E-Z)-isomerisation of the compounds R-CH=CH-Cl were determined and the experimental values compared with energy differences, calculated by the CNDO/2 method.
