1072-05-5Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Low-Temperature Hypergolic Ignition of 1-Octene with Low Ignition Delay Time
Sheng, Haoqiang,Huang, Xiaobin,Chen, Zhijia,Zhao, Zhengchuang,Liu, Hong
, p. 423 - 434 (2021)
The attainment of the efficient ignition of traditional liquid hydrocarbons of scramjet combustors at low flight Mach numbers is a challenging task. In this study, a novel chemical strategy to improve the reliable ignition and efficient combustion of hydrocarbon fuels was proposed. A directional hydroboration reaction was used to convert hydrocarbon fuel into highly active alkylborane, thereby leading to changes in the combustion reaction pathway of hydrocarbon fuel. A directional reaction to achieve the hypergolic ignition of 1-octene was designed and developed by using Gaussian simulation. Borane dimethyl sulfide (BDMS), a high-energy additive, was allowed to react spontaneously with 1-octene to achieve the hypergolic ignition of liquid hydrocarbon fuel at -15 °C. Compared with the ignition delay time of pure 1-octene (565 °C), the ignition delay time of 1-octene/BDMS (9:1.2) decreased by 3850% at 50 °C. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed the directional reaction of the hypergolic ignition reaction pathway of 1-octene and BDMS. Moreover, optical measurements showed the development trend of hydroxyl radicals (OH·) in the lower temperature hypergolic ignition and combustion of 1-octene. Finally, this study indicates that the enhancement of the low-temperature ignition performance of 1-octene by hydroboration in the presence of BDMS is feasible and promising for jet propellant design with tremendous future applications.
Catalytic Production of Branched Small Alkanes from Biohydrocarbons
Oya, Shin-Ichi,Kanno, Daisuke,Watanabe, Hideo,Tamura, Masazumi,Nakagawa, Yoshinao,Tomishige, Keiichi
, p. 2472 - 2475 (2015)
Squalane, C30 algae-derived branched hydrocarbon, was successfully converted to smaller hydrocarbons without skeletal isomerization and aromatization over ruthenium on ceria (Ru/CeO2). The internal CH2-CH2 bonds located between branches are preferably dissociated to give branched alkanes with very simple distribution as compared with conventional methods using metal-acid bifunctional catalysts.
Greener synthesis of pristane by flow dehydrative hydrogenation of allylic alcohol using a packed-bed reactor charged by pd/c as a single catalyst
Fukuyama, Takahide,Furuta, Akihiro,Hirobe, Yuki,Hyodo, Mamoru,Kasakado, Takayoshi,Ryu, Ilhyong
, (2021/10/05)
Our previous work established a continuous-flow synthesis of pristane, which is a saturated branched alkane obtained from a Basking Shark. The dehydration of an allylic alcohol that is the key to a tetraene was carried out using a packed-bed reactor charged by an acid–silica catalyst (HO-SAS) and flow hydrogenation using molecular hydrogen via a Pd/C catalyst followed. The present work relies on the additional propensity of Pd/C to serve as an acid catalyst, which allows us to perform a flow synthesis of pristane from the aforementioned key allylic alcohol in the presence of molecular hydrogen using Pd/C as a single catalyst, which is applied to both dehydration and hydrogenation. The present one-column-two-reaction-flow system could eliminate the use of an acid catalyst such as HO-SAS and lead to a significant simplification of the production process.
Simple H2-free hydrogenation of unsaturated monoterpenoids catalyzed by Raney nickel
Philippov, Alexey A.,Chibiryaev, Andrey M.,Martyanov, Oleg N.
, p. 380 - 381 (2019/08/20)
A series of monoterpenoids (citral, carvone, menthone, camphor) as well as cyclohexanone and hex-5-en-2-one were subjected to transfer hydrogenation with PriOH/Raney nickel system at 82 or 150 °C. Among monoterpenoids, citral and carvone underwent full conversion at 82 °C within 5 h.
Reevaluation of the Palladium/Carbon-Catalyzed Decarbonylation of Aliphatic Aldehydes
Ajda?i?, Vladimir,Nikoli?, Andrea,Kerner, Michael,Wipf, Peter,Opsenica, Igor M.
supporting information, p. 1781 - 1785 (2018/08/12)
An improved method for the decarbonylation of aliphatic aldehydes by using a commercially available Pd/C catalyst is described. The reaction conditions are suitable for linear, cyclic, or sterically demanding substrates, as they afford the corresponding alkanes in yields of up to 99%. In addition, this Pd/C-catalyzed method exhibits good functional-group tolerance. A comparison of previously reported methods with the present one showed that the reaction conditions play a crucial role in the outcome of the reaction. The method can also be applied in a two-step reaction sequence for the synthesis of industrially important compounds.
Hydrogenation of ketones over bifunctional Pt-heteropoly acid catalyst in the gas phase
Alharbi,Kozhevnikova,Kozhevnikov
, p. 457 - 462 (2015/10/05)
Gas-phase hydrogenation of a wide range of ketones to alkanes, including hydrogenation of aliphatic ketones and acetophenone, was investigated using bifunctional metal-acid catalysis. The catalysts were comprised of a metal (Pt, Ru, Ni, and Cu) supported on acidic caesium salt of tungstophosphoric heteropoly acid Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40 (CsPW). The reaction occurred via a sequence of steps involving hydrogenation of ketone to alcohol on metal sites followed by dehydration of alcohol to alkene on acid sites and finally hydrogenation of alkene to alkane on metal sites. Catalyst activity decreased in the order: Pt > Ru >> Ni > Cu. Pt/CsPW showed the highest catalytic activity, giving almost 100% alkane yield at 100 °C and 1 bar pressure. Evidence is provided that the reaction with Pt/CsPW at 100 °C is limited by ketone-to-alcohol hydrogenation, whereas at lower temperatures (≤60 °C) by alcohol dehydration yielding alcohol as themain product. The catalyst comprised of a physical mixture of Pt/C + CsPW was found to be highly efficientas well, which indicates that the reaction is not limited by migration of intermediates between metal andacid sites in the bifunctional catalyst.
Production of high purity ethylbenzene from non-extracted feed and non-extracted reformate useful therein
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Page/Page column 10-11, (2008/12/07)
A process for producing an ethylbenzene product having a purity of at least 99.50 percent based on the weight of ethylbenzene present in the product by the ethylation of the benzene present in non-extracted feed, e.g., non-extracted hydrocarbon compositio
Paraffin alkylation
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Page/Page column 7, (2008/06/13)
A liquid acid process is disclosed in which a hydrocarbon component containing an olefin, an olefin precursor or mixture and an isoalkane and a liquid acid catalyst is fed to a downflow reaction zone containing a disperser, under conditions to induce pulse flow at or near the outlet to react the isoalkane and olefin to produce a reaction product and feeding the reaction product to a vaporization zone containing a disperser under conditions to induce pulse flow at or near the outlet of the vaporization zone. A pressure drop across the disperser in the vaporization zone causes partial vaporization of the hydrocarbon which quench es the heat reaction and cooling the unvaporized portion of said reaction product, which is recovered and allowed to separate into an acid phase and hydrocarbon phase containing the alkylate. The acid catalyst and hydrocarbons may be fractally fed to the reaction zone.
Alkene oligomerization process
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Page 4-5, (2008/06/13)
A process for oligomerising alkenes having from 3 to 6 carbon atoms which comprises contacting a feedstock comprising a) one or several alkenes having x carbon atoms, and, b) optionally, one or several alkenes having y carbon atoms, x and y being different, with a catalyst containing a zeolite of the MFS structure type, under conditions to obtain selectively oligomeric product containing predominant amounts of certain oligomers. The process is carried out at a temperature comprised between 125 and 175° C. when the feedstock contains only alkenes with 3 carbon atoms and between 140 and 240° C., preferably between 140 and 200° C. when the feedstock contains comprises at least one alkene with 4 or more carbon atoms.
