1074-29-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Phenyltrichlorogermane synthesis by the reaction of chlorobenzene and the dichlorogermylene intermediate formed from elemental germanium and tetrachlorogermane
Okamoto, Masaki,Asano, Takuya,Suzuki, Eiichi
, p. 5583 - 5585 (2001)
Phenyltrichlorogermane was synthesized with high selectivity, 96%, from elemental germanium, tetrachlorogermane, and chlorobenzene using no catalyst, almost all germanium and tetrachlorogermane being converted. Dichlorogermylene was formed as a reaction intermediate by the reaction of germanium with tetrachlorogermane and inserted into the C-Cl bond of chlorobenzene to yield phenyltrichlorogermane.
Reaction of germanium tetrachloride with chloro(phenyl)silanes in the presence of aluminum chloride
Zhun',Sbitneva,Chernyshev
, p. 867 - 869 (2005)
The effect of the quantity of aluminum chloride on the direction and depth of reaction of germanium tetrachloride with chloro(phenyl)silanes of the general formula PhnSiCl4-n (n = 1 - 3) was studied to show that radical exchange between germanium and silicon is initiated only if the mixture contains no less than 2.5-5 wt % of aluminum chloride. With trichloro(phenyl)silane, the radical exchange is initiated at 5 wt % of aluminum chloride and results in exclusive formation of trichloro(phenyl)germane. The reactions of GeCl4 with dichlorodiphenylsilane and chlorotriphenylsilane in the presence of 2.5-7.5 wt % of aluminum chloride give dichlorodiphenylgermane as the major product, and at AlCl3 concentrations of above 10 wt % the major product becomes to be trichloro(phenyl)germane.
Selective synthesis of chlorohydrogermanes from mono-, di-, and trihydrogermanes
Ohshita, Joji,Toyoshima, Yutaka,Iwata, Arihiro,Tang, Heqing,Kunai, Atsutaka
, p. 886 - 887 (2001)
Treatment of hydrogermanes, R4-nGeHn (R = Hex, Et, Ph, n = 1-3), with 2 equiv of CuCl2 in ether at room temperature or in toluene under reflux led to selective replacement of an H-Ge bond with a Cl-Ge bond, giving the corresponding chlorohydrogermanes, R4-nGeHn-1Cl, selectively.
Reaction of tetrachlorogermane with thienyl- and phenylchlorosilanes in presence of aluminum chloride. Synthesis of thienylchlorogermanes
Lakhtin,Vorob'Eva,Gordeev,Ushakov,Kirillin,Bykovchenko,Golub,Chernyshev
, p. 280 - 284 (2014/04/17)
Reaction of tetrachlorogermane with 2-thienylchlorosilane and methyl(2-thienyl)dichlorosilane in presence of AlCl3 is studied. It was shown that in the reaction with 2-thienyltrichlorosilane 2-thienyltrichlorogermane mainly formed, while in the reactions with methyl(2-thienyl)dichlorosiulane aromatic germaniumcontaining compounds like 2-thienyltrichlorogermane and di(2-thienyl)dichlorogermane were obtained. Quantum-chemical calculations showed that the reaction of chlorine atoms exchange in GeCl4 with aromatic moiety formed from arylchlorosilanes in the presence of AlCl3 proceeds through a four-membered activated complex.
Gas phase reaction of nucleogenic dimethylgermylium cations with benzene
Myalochkin,Kochina,Avrorin,Vrazhnov,Sinotova
, p. 1762 - 1766 (2011/02/24)
Reaction of nucleogenic dimethylgermylium cations with benzene in the gas phase was studied by the radiochemical method. The formation of the products of germylation of benzene, dimethylphenylgermane, and phenylgermane is indicative of the formation of dimethylgermylium cations by the β-decay of tritium in the molecule of dimethylditritium germane. Dimethylgermylium cations are shown to undergo a rearrangement in the course of the reaction with benzene, which is consistent with the earlier results of quantum-chemical calculations.
Reactions of organochlorosilanes with chloro-and organogermanes in the presence of aluminum chloride
Zhun,Sbitneva,Polivanov,Chernyshev
, p. 1564 - 1570 (2008/02/09)
The effect of substituents at the silicon and germanium atoms in reactions of organochlorosilanes with chloro-and organogermanes in the presence of aluminum chloride was studied. The only occurring process is the exchange of the chlorine atoms at Ge for the phenyl groups from Si; an increase in the number of methyl groups or chlorine atoms at Si promotes formation of phenyltrichlorogermane, and an increase in the number of phenyl groups or replacement of the chlorine atom at the Si atom by hydrogen leads to the formation of di-and triphenylchlorogermanes. Neither phenyl nor other radicals are transferred back from Ge to Si in the course of reactions of phenylgermanes with methylchlorosilanes in the presence of aluminum chloride; the only occurring processes are the exchange of the phenyl or methyl radicals bonded to Ge for the Cl atom bonded to Al and the disproportionation of phenylchlorogermanes. Nauka/Interperiodica 2006.
Convenient syntheses of aryl and perfluoroaryl trichlorogermanes and germatranes via an organotin route
Kultyshev, Roman G.,Prakash, G.K. Surya,Olah, George A.,Faller, Jack W.,Parr, Jonathan
, p. 3184 - 3188 (2008/10/09)
Aryl- and (perfluoroaryl)trichlorogermanes ArGeCl3(Ar = C 6H5, 2-FC6H4, 3,5-(CF 3)2C6H3, C6F5, 2,3,5,6-F4C5N) are easily obtained in 60-80% yields from the corresponding tributyl-stannanes and GeCl4 (1:1) at 150 °C in the absence of a solvent. Although the tin-to-germanium transmetalation of C6F5 group is sluggish, it is facilitated by addition of 1-2 mol % AIBN (2,2′-azobis(isobutyronitrile)).
Synthesis and molecular structure of phenyl and tolylgermatranes
Lukevics, Edmunds,Ignatovich, Luba,Belyakov, Sergey
, p. 222 - 230 (2007/10/03)
The crystals of arylgermatranes (R=H (I), 4-CH3 (II), 3-CH3 (III), 2-CH3 (IV)), have been obtained to study the influence of a substituent position on coordination of the germanium atom. Compounds I-IV were prepared by the insertion of GeBr2 into the carbon-bromine bond of the corresponding arylbromide, conversion of aryltribromogermanes to triethoxy derivatives by alcoholysis and their transalkoxylation with triethanolamine to germatranes; or by the condensation of halobenzene with GeCl4 in the presence of copper powder followed by alcoholysis and cyclization. The crystal structure of compounds I-IV was studied via the X-ray diffraction method. The intramolecular donor-acceptor bond Ge←N in arylgermatranes (2.212-2.230 A) is longer than that in the corresponding furyl- and thienylgermatranes. Introduction of a substituent into o-position of the benzene ring decreases the N-Ge-C angle value from 177.5 to 144.2°. The quantum chemical calculations were performed to investigate structures I-IV in isolated molecules.
Hexachlorodisilane-Initiated Gas-Phase Reaction of Germanium Tetrachloride with 1-Chloroadamantane or Adamantane
Chernyshev, E. A.,Shcherbinin, V. V.,Krivolapova, O. V.,Bykovchenko, V. G.,Komalenkova, N. G.,Bochkarev, V. N.
, p. 1721 - 1723 (2007/10/03)
Gas-phase reactions of 1-chloroadamantane and adamantane with germanium tetrachloride in the presence of hexachlorodisilane as initiator were studied. It was found that trichlorogermyladamantane is formed only in the reaction with 1-chloroadamantane, together with ethyl-, propyl-, and butyltrichlorogermanes as by-products.
Gas-Phase Reaction of Tetrachlorogermane with 1,1-Dichloro-1-silacyclopent-3-ene. Generation of Dichlorogermylene
Chernyshev,Komalenkova,Yakovleva,Bykovchenko,Khomykh,Bochkarev,Shcherbinin
, p. 1722 - 1724 (2007/10/03)
The reaction of GeCl4 with 1,1-dichloro-1-silacyclopent-3-ene in the gas phase at 550°C was studied. This reaction yields dichlorogermylenes, which react with chlorobenzene or 1,3-butadiene to form phenyltrichlorogermane or 1,1-dichloro-1-germacyclopent-3-ene.
