131531-70-9

Basic information

• Product Name: 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-α-D-glucoside
• Synonyms: 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-α-D-glucoside
• CAS NO: 131531-70-9
• Molecular Weight: 646.847
• Mol File: 131531-70-9.mol

Chemical Properties

• CAS DataBase Reference: 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-α-D-glucoside(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-α-D-glucoside(131531-70-9)
• EPA Substance Registry System: 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-1-thio-1-deoxy-α-D-glucoside(131531-70-9)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 131531-70-9(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 100-39-0 benzyl bromide 
• 457931-46-3 4-methylphenyl 1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 4132-28-9 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-D-mannopyranose 
• 28244-94-2 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside 
• 1152-39-2 p-methylphenyl-1-thio-β-D-galactopyranoside 
• 67-56-1 methanol 
• 131531-76-5 p-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-thio-β-D-glucopyranoside 
• 83-87-4 D-Mannose pentaacetate 
• 211801-79-5 4-methylphenyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 106-45-6 para-thiocresol 
• 178681-00-0 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-mannopyranosyl trichloroacetate 
• 85982-88-3 1-O-trimethylsilyl-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-mannopyranoside 
• 4291-69-4 2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-benzyl-D-glucopyranose 
• 1158796-28-1 1-(2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-glucosyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrafluoro-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole 

Downstream Products

• 3879-79-6 (2R,3R,4S,5S,6S)-3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)-2-((benzyloxy)methyl)-6-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran 
• 71526-33-5 methyl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-β-D-mannopyranoside 
• 177696-56-9 1,5-anhydro-2,3,4,6-tetra-O-benzyl-α-D-manno-hexitol 

Relevant articles and documents

Automated Quantification of Hydroxyl Reactivities: Prediction of Glycosylation Reactions

The stereoselectivity and yield in glycosylation reactions are paramount but unpredictable. We have developed a database of acceptor nucleophilic constants (Aka) to quantify the nucleophilicity of hydroxyl groups in glycosylation influenced by the steric, electronic and structural effects, providing a connection between experiments and computer algorithms. The subtle reactivity differences among the hydroxyl groups on various carbohydrate molecules can be defined by Aka, which is easily accessible by a simple and convenient automation system to assure high reproducibility and accuracy. A diverse range of glycosylation donors and acceptors with well-defined reactivity and promoters were organized and processed by the designed software program “GlycoComputer” for prediction of glycosylation reactions without involving sophisticated computational processing. The importance of Aka was further verified by random forest algorithm, and the applicability was tested by the synthesis of a Lewis A skeleton to show that the stereoselectivity and yield can be accurately estimated.

Mapping mechanisms in glycosylation reactions with donor reactivity: Avoiding generation of side products

The glycosylation reaction, which is key for the studies on glycoscience, is challenging due to its complexity and intrinsic side reactions. Thioglycoside is one of the most widely used glycosyl donors in the synthesis of complex oligosaccharides. However, one of the challenges is its side reactions, which lower its yield and limits its efficiency, thereby requiring considerable effort in the optimization process. Herein, we reported a multifaceted experimental approach that reveals the behaviors of side reactions, such as the intermolecular thioaglycon transformation and N-glycosyl succinimides, via the glycosyl intermediate. Our mechanistic proposal was supported by low temperature NMR studies that can further be mapped by utilizing relative reactivity values. Accordingly, we also presented our findings to suppress the generation of side products in solving this particular problem for achieving high-yield glycosylation reactions.

Establishment of Guidelines for the Control of Glycosylation Reactions and Intermediates by Quantitative Assessment of Reactivity

Stereocontrolled chemical glycosylation remains a major challenge despite vast efforts reported over many decades and so far still mainly relies on trial and error. Now it is shown that the relative reactivity value (RRV) of thioglycosides is an indicator for revealing stereoselectivities according to four types of acceptors. Mechanistic studies show that the reaction is dominated by two distinct intermediates: glycosyl triflates and glycosyl halides from N-halosuccinimide (NXS)/TfOH. The formation of glycosyl halide is highly correlated with the production of α-glycoside. These findings enable glycosylation reactions to be foreseen by using RRVs as an α/β-selectivity indicator and guidelines and rules to be developed for stereocontrolled glycosylation.

Glycosylated Platinum(IV) Complexes as Substrates for Glucose Transporters (GLUTs) and Organic Cation Transporters (OCTs) Exhibited Cancer Targeting and Human Serum Albumin Binding Properties for Drug Delivery

Glycosylated platinum(IV) complexes were synthesized as substrates for GLUTs and OCTs for the first time, and the cytotoxicity and detailed mechanism were determined in vitro and in vivo. Galactoside Pt(IV), glucoside Pt(IV), and mannoside Pt(IV) were highly cytotoxic and showed specific cancer-targeting properties in vitro and in vivo. Glycosylated platinum(IV) complexes 5, 6, 7, and 8 (IC50 0.24-3.97 μM) had better antitumor activity of nearly 166-fold higher than the positive controls cisplatin (1a), oxaliplatin (3a), and satraplatin (5a). The presence of a hexadecanoic chain allowed binding with human serum albumin (HSA) for drug delivery, which not only enhanced the stability of the inert platinum(IV) prodrugs but also decreased their reduction by reductants present in human whole blood. Their preferential accumulation in cancer cells compared to noncancerous cells (293T and 3T3 cells) suggested that they were potentially safe for clinical therapeutic use.

Dehydrative glycosylation with cyclic phosphonium anhydrides

Cyclic phosphonium anhydrides generated from bis-phosphine oxides and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride are shown as general coupling reagents in a dehydrative glycosylation reaction of C1-hemiacetals. This reaction protocol is characterized by a broad substrate scope and high yields, including reactions of O-, C-, N-, and S-based nucleophiles with furanose, pyranose, and deoxysugar donors.

Mannopyranosyl uronicaAcid donor reactivity

The reactivity of a variety of mannopyranosyl uronic acid donors was assessed in a set of competition experiments, in which two (S)-tolyl mannosyl donors were made to compete for a limited amount of promoter (NIS/TfOH). These experiments revealed that the reactivity of mannuronic acid donors is significantly higher than expected based on the electron-withdrawing capacity of the C-5 carboxylic acid ester function. A 4-O-acetyl-β-(S)-tolyl mannuronic acid donor was found to have similar reactivity as per-O-benzyl-α-(S)-tolyl mannose.

'Click' preparation of carbohydrate 1-benzotriazoles, 1,4-disubstituted, and 1,4,5-trisubstituted triazoles and their utility as glycosyl donors

Glycosyl triazoles can be prepared from readily available anomeric azides through various 'click' methodologies: thermal Huisgen cycloaddition with alkynes, strain-promoted Huisgen cycloaddition of benzynes, and Cu I-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition of terminal alkynes (CuAAC reaction). Here we investigate the formation of glycosyl 1-benzotriazoles from anomeric and non-anomeric carbohydrate azides using benzynes derived from substituted anthranilic acids. The reactivity of the resulting anomeric 1-benzotriazoles as glycosyl donors was investigated and compared with 1,4-disubstituted glycosyl triazoles (from the CuAAC reaction) and 1,4,5-trisubstituted glycosyl triazoles (prepared by Huisgen cycloaddition of glycosyl azides and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate). The 1,4,5-trisubstituted glycosyl triazoles were activated by Lewis acids and could be converted to O-glycosides, S-glycosides, glycosyl chlorides, and glycosyl azides. By contrast, under all conditions investigated, the 1,4-disubstituted glycosyl triazoles were unreactive as glycosyl donors. Glycosyl 1-benzotriazoles were generally inert as glycosyl donors; however, a tetrafluorobenzotriazole derivative, which bears electron-withdrawing substituents on the benzotriazole group, was a moderate glycosyl donor and could be converted to an S-glycoside by treatment with thiocresol and tin(iv) chloride.

Anomeric reactivity-based one-pot oligosaccharide synthesis: A rapid route to oligosaccharide libraries

The assembly of an oligosaccharide library has been achieved in a practical and efficient manner employing a one-pot sequential approach. With the help of the anomeric reactivity values of thioglycosides, using a thioglycoside (mono- or disaccharide) with one free hydroxyl group as acceptor and donor coupled with another fully protected thioglycoside, a di- or trisaccharide is selectively formed without self-condensation and subsequently reacted in situ with an anomerically inactive glycoside (mono- or disaccharide) to form a tri- or tetrasaccharide in high overall yield. The approach enables the rapid assembly of 33 linear or branched fully protected oligosaccharides using designed building blocks. These fully protected oligosaccharides have been partially or completely deprotected to create 29 more structures to further increase the diversity of the library.

Studies on Glycosides VII. A Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 1-Thioglycosides

A facile method for the synthesis of 1-thioglycosides using 1-α-O-trimethylsilyl-2,3,4,6,-tetra-O-benzyl-D-gluco- or manno-pyranoside by the promotion of BF3Et2O was reported.The reaction conditions were very mild, and 1-thioglycosides were obtained in hi