1346221-91-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Use of modeling and process analytical technologies in the design of a catalytic amination reaction: Understanding oxygen sensitivity at the lab and manufacturing scales
Merritt, Jeremy M.,Buser, Jonas Y.,Campbell, Alison N.,Fennell, Jared W.,Kallman, Neil J.,Koenig, Thomas M.,Moursy, Hossam,Pietz, Mark A.,Scully, Norma,Singh, Utpal K.
, p. 246 - 256 (2014)
A mechanistic approach was undertaken to understand the oxygen sensitivity of a Pd-catalyzed amination reaction used in the synthesis of an active pharmaceutical ingredient. FlowNMR and dissolved oxygen probes were used as process analytical technology alongside kinetic and unit operation models to better characterize the oxidative deactivation pathways of the catalyst. Interplay between ligand excess, oxygen inertion, and additional degassing due to reflux were all found to contribute to reaction rate variability. This mechanistic approach allowed for appreciation and clear communication of the risks, development of protocols to mitigate those risks, and successful scale-up under rapid development timelines.
Development and a practical synthesis of the JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544
Mitchell, David,Cole, Kevin P.,Pollock, Patrick M.,Coppert, David M.,Burkholder, Timothy P.,Clayton, Joshua R.
, p. 70 - 81 (2012/05/31)
The route selection and process research and development of a practical synthesis for JAK2 inhibitor LY2784544 is described. The first-generation synthesis route, similar to that used in discovery for derivatization of a benzylic amine moiety, was 14 overall steps and possessed several steps that required extensive development for large-scale production. Route selection considerations led to a modified synthesis that utilized a novel vanadium-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond-forming arylation reaction for incorporation of the key benzylic morpholine moiety. A protecting group used to mask an amino pyrazole unit was modified from PMB to tert-butyl, resulting in a dramatic reduction in the overall length of the route. These two major changes resulted in an eight-step synthesis, which was six steps shorter than the first-generation synthesis. In the pilot plant, the new synthesis was scaled to produce >100 kg of LY2784544 in high yield and purity under GMP conditions. The overall development including the vanadium-catalyzed C-C bond-forming methodology, a ketone reductive deoxygenation, and a palladium-catalyzed amination is described.
