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Usage

Uses

Used in Polymerization Industry:
4,4'-Dihydroxyazoxybenzene is used as a radical initiator for the polymerization of acrylate and styrene-based polymers, facilitating the formation of these polymers through the initiation of radical reactions.
Used in Dye and Pigment Industry:
4,4'-Dihydroxyazoxybenzene is used as a dye intermediate, contributing to the synthesis of various dyes and pigments.
Used in Plastics and Rubber Industry:
4,4'-Dihydroxyazoxybenzene is used as a coloring agent in the plastics and rubber industries, providing coloration to these materials during their production processes.

InChI:InChI=1/C12H10N2O3/c15-11-5-1-9(2-6-11)13-14(17)10-3-7-12(16)8-4-10/h1-8,16-17H

Upstream product

• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 637-62-7 p-benzoquinone oxime 
• 98-09-9 benzenesulfonyl chloride 
• 100-02-7 4-nitro-phenol 
• 79030-44-7 4,4'-diacetoxyazoxybenzene 
• 104-91-6 p-nitrosophenol 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 100-63-0 phenylhydrazine 
• 2050-16-0 4,4'-dihydroxyazobenzene 
• 7722-84-1 dihydrogen peroxide 
• 64-19-7 acetic acid 
• 123-30-8 4-amino-phenol 
• 108-95-2 phenol 

Downstream Products

• 79030-44-7 4,4'-diacetoxyazoxybenzene 
• 86412-10-4 4,4'-bis-(<1,1-(2)H2>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-13-7 4,4'-bis-(<2,2-(2)H2>octyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-09-1 4,4'-bis-(<1,1-(2)H2>octyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-23-9 4,4'-bis-(<4,4-(2)H2>octyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 89037-70-7 4,4'-bis-(<8,8,8-(2)H3>octyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86468-73-7 4,4'-bis-(<2,2-(2)H2>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-24-0 4,4'-bis-(<4,4-(2)H2>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-25-1 4,4'-bis-(<5,5-(2)H2>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-19-3 4,4'-bis-(<3,3-(2)H2>hepyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-26-2 4,4'-bis-(<6,6-(2)H2>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-27-3 4,4'-bis-(<7,7,7-(2)H3>heptyloxy)azoxybenzene 
• 86412-18-2 4,4'-bis-(<3,3-(2)H2>n-octyloxy)azoxybenzene 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Synthesis of photo-responsive azobenzene molecules with different hydrophobic chain length for controlling foam stability

To obtain an aqueous foam photo-switch, azobenzene molecules [4-hydroxy-4′-oxoalkyl azobenzene (HCnAzo) n = 4, 8, and 12] were synthesized. The hydrophobic chain length affected both photo-responsive properties and foam stability controllability. trans → cis isomerization of HCnAzo occurred by exposing to UV light for 1 s and the cis → trans process for HC4Azo, HC8Azo and HC12Azo was carried out by visible light irradiation for 12 min, 13 min and 14 min, respectively. The reversible isomerization was repeatable, maintaining high sensitivity. Due to the small steric effect and isomerization barrier, photo-isomerization of HC4Azo was more rapid than HC8Azo and HC12Azo. With the increase of the hydrophobic chain length, the decrease of thermal isomerization barrier resulted in less cis isomer and more trans isomer in photo-stationary state via UV and visible light irradiation, respectively. The combination of visible light and heat can accelerate the cis → trans isomerization speed. trans HC4Azo, HC8Azo and HC12Azo increased foam life from 6.67 min to 10.38, 9.91 and 7.74 min, respectively, resulting from the absorption on the air-water interface and a high affinity. cis HC4Azo, HC8Azo and HC12Azo decreased foam life from 6.67 min to 5.12, 5.49 and 6.02 min, respectively, attributed to the interfacial desorption and increase of surface tension. HC4Azo with sensitive photo-isomerization and effective foam stability controllability was the best choice for an aqueous foam photo-switch.

Synthesis and characterization of azoxy based mesogenic diols

Azoxy based rigid mesogenic diols have been synthesized using two steps. Phenol/cresol is used as starting material. Synthesized diols are characterized by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods. Thermal properties have been determined by thermo gravimetric analysis method and crystallinity patterns have been obtained by wide angle X-ray diffractogram. Substituted phenol (methyl) is used to study the effect of substitution on physical and thermal properties of rigid azoxy mesogenic diol. The detailed characterization of azoxy based rigid diols is reported in this communication, which is highly useful for fundamental and applied research, particularly in liquid crystals and liquid crystalline polymers. The experimental results reveal that phenol based rigid mesogenic diols have high thermal stability and degree of crystallinity than methyl substituted rigid mesogenic diols.

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of novel diesters of 4,4'-dihydroxy azoxy benzene with long chain carboxylic acids

Synthesis of novel symmetrical azoxy diesters have been prepared by the reaction of 4,4'-dihydroxyazoxy benzene with aliphatic acid halides of varying chain lengths. The synthesized compounds have been characterized by spectral and analytical data. These symmetrical azoxy diesters exhibit good antifungal activity against six fungal strains (Mucor species, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Fusarium solani and Aspergillus fumigatus) and antitumor activities while no significant antibacterial activity has been observed. These synthesized compounds are also potent free radical scavengers.

An exceptionally stable Ti superoxide radical ion: A novel heterogeneous catalyst for the direct conversion of aromatic primary amines to nitro compounds

A matrix-bound superoxide radical anion, generated by treating Ti(OR)4 (R =iPr, nBu) with H2O2, is a selective heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of anilines to the corresponding nitroarenes with 50 % aqueous H2O2 [Eq. (1)]. Yields of 82-98 % are obtained, even with anilines bearing electron-withdrawing substituents (R = NO2, COOH).

Reduction of Nitroarenes Using an Activated Catalyst Prepared by the Reduction of Nickel Nitrate with Excess Zinc in the Presence of Hydrazine Monohydrate

An activated catalyst prepared from a mixture of nickel nitrate hexahydrate with zinc in dry ethanol under reflux showed exceptional catalytic activity for the reduction of nitroarenes to the corresponding azoxy compounds exclusively in the presence of hydrazine monohydrate.However when nickel nitrate hexahydrate was replaced by nickel chloride dihydrate with zinc, only the aminoarenes were formed in high yields.With unactivated catalyst, the reduction reaction from a mixture of nitroarenes, nickel nitrate or chloride, excess zinc and hydrazine monohydrate gave the corresponding azo, azoxy and amino compounds in much lower yields.

Carbonates of acetylenic alcohols

Polymerizable carbonate compounds of the formula: wherein A is an aromatic polycycle, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen atom or alkyl, and n is 1, 2 or 3, are disclosed. They are useful as a component of nonemanating, self-curing and heat resistant resin compositions.

Diacetylenic Liquid Crystalline Polymers II: Derivatives of 10,12-Docosadiyne-1,22-Dioic Acid

Polymers of 10,12-docosadiyne-1,22-dioic acid with different mesogenic groups have been prepared.The mesogenic groups were diphenyl (Polymer I); p-diphenylazoxy (Polymer II); 2,2'-dimethyldiphenylazoxy (Polymer III); 2-methyldiphenylazomethine (Polymer IV) and α-methylstilbene (Polymer V).All polymers crystallized extensively at room temperature, but only polymers I and V displayed an enantiotropic smectic mesophase.The X-ray diffractograms were consistent with a smectic H mesophase for both polymers.Polymers I and V differed also from polymers II-IV by enhanced reactivity of the diacetylenic moiety.A model for chain packing consistent with the X-ray diffraction pattern of the crystalline and the smectic phase is proposed.Keywords: diacetylenic polyesters, synthesis of, liquid crystalline order