18093-12-4Relevant articles and documents
Temperature-dependent regioselectivity of nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution. Evidence that activation energy controls reactivity
Wubbels, Gene G.,Tamura, Ryo,Gannon, Emmett J.
, p. 4834 - 4839 (2013)
Irradiation (λ > 330 nm) of 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole (1) at 25 C in aqueous NaOH forms three substitution photoproducts: 2-methoxy-5-nitrophenol (2), 2-chloro-4-nitrophenol (3), and 3-chloro-4-methoxyphenol (4), in chemical yields of 69.2%, 14.3%, and 16.5%. The activation energies for the elementary steps from the triplet state at 25 °C were determined to be 1.8, 2.4, and 2.7 kcal/mol, respectively. The chemical yields of each of the three products were determined for exhaustive irradiations at 0, 35, and 70 °C. The variation with temperature of the experimental yields is reproduced almost exactly by the yields calculated with the Arrhenius equation. This indicates that activation energy is the fundamental property related to regioselectivity in nucleophilic aromatic photosubstitution of the SN2 Ar* type. The many methods proposed for predicting regioselectivity in reactions of this type have had limited success and have not been related to activation energy.
Para -Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers
Zhu, Runqing,Sun, Qianqian,Li, Jing,Li, Luohao,Gao, Qinghe,Wang, Yakun,Fang, Lizhen
supporting information, p. 13190 - 13193 (2021/12/16)
para-Selective hydroxylation of alkyl aryl ethers is established, which proceeds with a ruthenium(ii) catalyst, hypervalent iodine(iii) and trifluoroacetic anhydride via a radical mechanism. This protocol tolerates a wide scope of substrates and provides a facile and efficient method for preparing clinical drugs monobenzone and pramocaine on a gram scale.
C?H Oxygenation Reactions Enabled by Dual Catalysis with Electrogenerated Hypervalent Iodine Species and Ruthenium Complexes
Massignan, Leonardo,Tan, Xuefeng,Meyer, Tjark H.,Kuniyil, Rositha,Messinis, Antonis M.,Ackermann, Lutz
supporting information, p. 3184 - 3189 (2020/01/24)
The catalytic generation of hypervalent iodine(III) reagents by anodic electrooxidation was orchestrated towards an unprecedented electrocatalytic C?H oxygenation of weakly coordinating aromatic amides and ketones. Thus, catalytic quantities of iodoarenes in concert with catalytic amounts of ruthenium(II) complexes set the stage for versatile C?H activations with ample scope and high functional group tolerance. Detailed mechanistic studies by experiment and computation substantiate the role of the iodoarene as the electrochemically relevant species towards C?H oxygenations with electricity as a sustainable oxidant and molecular hydrogen as the sole by-product. para-Selective C?H oxygenations likewise proved viable in the absence of directing groups.