22768-22-5

Basic information

• Product Name: Benzene, 1,1'-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl)bis-, (E)-
• Synonyms: (2-methyl-4-phenylpent-3-en-2-yl)benzene;(E)-2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pentene;(E)-4-methyl-2,4-diphenyl-2-pentene;2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-(E)-pentene;2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2(Z)-pentene;2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-2-pentene
• CAS NO: 22768-22-5
• Molecular Formula: C18H20
• Molecular Weight: 236.357
• Mol File: 22768-22-5.mol
• Article Data: 41

Chemical Properties

• Boiling Point: 330.3±17.0 °C(Predicted)
• Density: 0.9770 g/cm3
• CAS DataBase Reference: Benzene, 1,1'-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl)bis-, (E)-(CAS DataBase Reference)
• NIST Chemistry Reference: Benzene, 1,1'-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl)bis-, (E)-(22768-22-5)
• EPA Substance Registry System: Benzene, 1,1'-(1,3,3-trimethyl-1-propene-1,3-diyl)bis-, (E)-(22768-22-5)

Safety Data

• Hazardous Substances Data: 22768-22-5(Hazardous Substances Data)

Upstream product

• 617-94-7 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl alcohol 
• 2154-71-4 bis-trifluoromethyl-aminooxyl 
• 98-82-8 Isopropylbenzene 
• 98-83-9 isopropenylbenzene 
• 108-95-2 phenol 
• 100-42-5 styrene 
• 75-54-7 Dichloromethylsilane 
• 109-87-5 Dimethoxymethane 
• 2004-70-8 1-methylbuta-1,3-diene 
• 80-15-9 Cumene hydroperoxide 
• 6362-80-7 2,4-diphenyl-4-methyl-pent-1-ene 

Downstream Products

• 5171-88-0 1,2-dicyclohexyl-1,1,2,2-tetramethylethane 
• 38970-72-8 2,4-dicyclohexyl-2-methyl pentane 
• 826-55-1 2-methyl-2-phenylpropionic acid 
• 98-83-9 isopropenylbenzene 
• 31516-55-9 2,4-diphenyl-2-methylpentane 

Relevant articles and documents

Oligomerization of α-methylstyrene in the presence of mordenite type zeolite

The activity and selectivity of coarse-porous H-mordenite in synthesis of cyclic and linear dimers of α-methylstyrene were studied.

Assembly of heteropoly acid nanoparticles in SBA-15 and its performance as an acid catalyst

Keggin-type 12-tungstophosphoric acid (TPA) nanocrystals have been assembled inside the pores of mesoporous silica through a vacuum impregnation method by using largepore SBA-15 as a nanoreactor. The product was characterized by Brunauer-Emmet-Teller particle size distri bution (BET-PSD), NMR and FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), tranmsission electron microscopy (TEM), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and FT-IR of adsorbed pyridine. The experimental results illustrale that the TPA nanocrystals are excellent Bronsted acid catalytic materials at room temperature.

A kinetic model of the dimerization of α-methylstyrene in the presence of high-silica zeolite y

The kinetics of the dimerization of α-methylstyrene in the presence of high-silica zeolite HNaY has been studied, and a nine-stage scheme of the monomer conversion has been developed. Analysis of the kinetic models developed in the form of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood relationships and in terms of the mass action law has shown that the first model more adequately describes the experimental data. The numerical values of kinetic and adsorption parameters are represented. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2012.

Dimerization of α-methylstyrene (AMS) catalyzed by sulfonic acid resins: A quantitative kinetic study

The dimerization of α-methylstyrene was examined at 50°C and 1 atm in nonpolar cumene and polar p-cresol solvents, using both soluble liquid acids and resin-based solid acids as catalysts. In particular, the activities of a representative macroporous sulfonic acid resin, Amberlyst-15, and Nafion perfluorosulfonic acid resin in three different microstructures, gel-type Nafion NR-50 resin, a carbon-supported Nafion resin, and a Nafion resin/silica composite material, have been compared. The Nafion resin/silica composites showed, by far, the highest activity. Supported Nafion resin on carbon and Amberlyst-15 are effective catalysts as well and are all more active than pure Nafion resin based on catalyst weight. None of the small molecule acids were sufficiently soluble to show significant catalytic action in the nonpolar solvent cumene. On the other hand, in the polar p-cresol media, the homogeneous acids showed relative activities in the same order as their pKas; and the strongest aqueous acid, triflic acid was more active than any of the resin catalysts on an acid equivalent basis. Among the resin catalysts, only the Nafion NR50 gel showed significant activity enhancement in p-cresol. In order to gain insight into these relative catalytic activities, the acid capacity and accessibility of acid groups in these solid acid catalysts were studied using temperature programmed desorption/thermogravimetric analysis (TPD/TGA) techniques with isopropanol as probe molecule. The TPD/TGA studies show that the sulfonic acid groups are readily accessible to 2-propanol vapor in the 13 wt% Nafion resin/SiO2 composite but not in gel-type Nafion resin and Amberlyst-15.

Surface reactivity of non-hydrolytic silicophosphate xerogels: A simple method to create Br?nsted or Lewis acid sites on porous supports

Non-hydrolytic sol-gel reactions of silicon acetates with trimethylsilyl (TMS) esters of phosphoric and phosphonic acids produce cross-linked matrices containing homogeneous dispersions of silicate and phosphoryl groups connected together by networks of Si-O-P(=O) linkages. The condensation degrees reach 80 to 90%. Residual organic groups (10 to 20%) were reacted with a variety of compounds (H2O, Me3SiOSiMe3, POCl3, SiCl4, AlMe3, Al(NMe2)3, and AlCl3) in order to enrich the surface of these porous matrices with Br?nsted (≡P-OH) and Lewis (tetracoordinated Al) acid functional groups. The differences in the reactivity of ≡Si-OAc and ≡P-OSiMe3 groups were utilized for the selective modification at the silicon and phosphorus atoms. The reaction procedures were optimized and significantly porous silicophosphate materials with a high content of either hydroxyl groups or four-coordinated aluminium species were obtained. The activity and selectivity of prepared samples as catalysts for the dimerization of α-methylstyrene were tested. Excellent activities and moderate to very high selectivities were achieved suggesting the potential use of silicophosphate xerogels in heterogeneous catalysis.

Dimerization of α-methylstyrene on high-silica zeolites

α-Methylstyrene dimerization was studied on high-silica β, ZSM-12, and TsVN zeolites. The acid properties of the zeolites were studied by IR spectroscopy. It was revealed that the catalytic properties of the zeolites in α-methylstyrene dimerization depend on both the acidic and structural characteristics of the catalysts. The highest activity in the reaction was exhibited by zeolite β, as the maximum amount of acid sites were found in its structural units (inside channels, on the outer surface). Zeolite ZSM-12 had the highest selectivity for linear dimers. Nauka/Interperiodica 2006.

Conversion of α-methylstyrene over pentasil zeolites with various silica ratios

It has been shown that α-methylstyrene in the presence of H-HSZ (SiO2/Al2O3 = 40-120) and Fe-HSZ (SiO 2/Al2O3 = 60) pentasils in a nitrogen atmosphere (80-120°C, 5-20 wt % catalyst) is converted into linear (4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpent-1-and-2-enes) and cyclic (1,1,3-trimethyl-3- phenylindan) dimers. The H-type high-silica (SiO2/Al 2O3 = 120) and ferrosilicate zeolites in air facilitate the conversion of α-methylstyrene into acetophenone and α-phenylpropionaldehyde.

Selective dimerization of a-methylstyrene by tunable bis(catecholato)germane Lewis acid catalysts

The synthesis of a variety of bis(catecholato)germanes is reported. The Lewis acidity of the bis(catecholato)germanes was assessed using the experimental Gutmann-Beckett method and computational FIA and GEI methods. The oligomerization of alkenes using bis(catecholato)germanes demonstrates the use of these complexes in catalysis. The use of donor additives in the dimerization of a-methylstyrene resulted in selectivity control comparable to transition metal catalyst systems. This journal is

Calcium(II) catalyzed regioselective dehydrative cross-coupling reactions: Practical synthesis of internal alkenes and benzopyrans

A simple and operationally easy protocol for the regioselective synthesis of internal alkenes through a dehydrative cross-coupling and direct coupling procedure has been described using the environmentally benign Ca(II) catalyst. Several alkenes and alcohols underwent the coupling reaction under solvent-free conditions in a short time to produce the desired alkenes. This method is further extended to show the application in the synthesis of novel benzopyran molecules through a cascade strategy.