25014-31-7

Usage

Uses

Used in Chemical Industry:
Poly(α-methylstyrene) is used as a radical producing agent for [application reason], such as enhancing the reaction rates and improving the efficiency of certain chemical processes. Its ability to generate radicals can be beneficial in various chemical reactions, leading to improved product yields and reduced reaction times.
Used in Plastics and Polymer Industry:
In the plastics and polymer industry, Poly(α-methylstyrene) is used for the thermal degradation of polystyrene. This application takes advantage of PAMS's unique chemical properties to break down polystyrene in a controlled manner, which can be useful in recycling and waste management processes.
Used in Research and Development:
Due to its potential applications in various fields, Poly(α-methylstyrene) is also used as a subject of research and development. Scientists and engineers are exploring its properties and potential uses in order to develop new technologies and improve existing ones.

Upstream product

• 110-86-1 pyridine 
• 934-53-2 cumenyl chloride 
• 60-29-7 diethyl ether 
• 64-17-5 ethanol 
• 996-82-7 sodium diethylmalonate 
• 557-93-7 2-bromoprop-1-ene 
• 617-94-7 1-methyl-1-phenylethyl alcohol 
• 704-79-0 3-phenylbut-2-enoic acid 
• 22768-22-5 4-methyl-2,4-diphenylpent-2-ene 
• 3759-31-7 3-hydroxy-3-phenylbutanoic acid 
• 860701-93-5 dimethyl-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-amine oxide 
• 80-15-9 Cumene hydroperoxide 
• 67-63-0 isopropyl alcohol 
• 71-43-2 benzene 

Downstream Products

• 70738-48-6 phenyl 2-phenylpropyl sulfone 
• 27421-06-3 3-methyl-4-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-phenol 
• 3044-70-0 2,6-dimethyl-4-phenyl-pyrylium; perchlorate 
• 100389-71-7 N-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-acrylamide 
• 102312-78-7 (E)-methyl 5-phenylhex-5-enoate 
• 86147-38-8 methyl 2-methyl-5-phenylhex-5-enoate 
• 114492-68-1 phenyl-acetic acid-(1-benzylidene-3-phenyl-but-2-enyl ester) 
• 64888-14-8 4,6-bis-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-pyrogallol 
• 2085-88-3 2-methyl-2-phenyloxirane 
• 58215-92-2 3-ethyl-6-methyl-6-phenyl-[1,3]oxazinane 
• 3174-78-5 2-(4-phenyl-[1,3]dioxan-4-yl)-ethanol 
• 92864-94-3 1,3-diacetoxy-3-phenyl-butane 
• 104294-60-2 4-amino-2-phenylbutan-2-ol 
• 107920-37-6 cyanocarbonyloxy-(2-phenyl-allyl)-malononitrile 

Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Concerted two-electron transfer and high selectivity of TiO2 in photocatalyzed deoxygenation of epoxides

No two ways about it: In the photocatalytic deoxygenation of epoxides, the TiO2 particle concertedly transfers two stored electrons to generate a carbanion intermediate, which dissociates to the alkene product. This pathway ensures the higher alkene and stereoselectivity of the photocatalytic deoxygenation than those involving a single-electron transfer. Copyright

Structure of the lowest triplet states of poly-α-methylstyryl sodium. Ab initio calculations

Ab initio optimization of a poly-α-methylstyryl sodium (PMSNa) fragment consisting of two cis units yields a triplet state energy which is close to the ground state energy. A new mechanism is proposed for depolymerization of living polymers, which implies that an elementary step involves excitation to the low-lying triplet state with a charge transfer and with further bond cleavage. In the reaction structure, electronic excitation occurs with a minor (～0.5 A) displacement of the Na+ cation between the last and the last but one monomer units. The reversible polymerization/depolymerization reaction of PMSNa in THF was studied experimentally. The experimental (5.6 kcal/mole) and calculated (7.3 kcal/mole) polymerization enthalpies are in reasonable agreement.

Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction of dimethyldioxirane with cumene

The reaction of dimethyldioxirane with cumene (22-52°C) follows a chain-radical mechanism. The kinetic regularities of this reaction were studied by the chemiluminescence and kinetic UV spectrophotometry methods by monitoring the consumption of dioxirane. The process is inhibited by oxygen. In the absence of O2, the process is accelerated due to the decomposition of dimethyldioxirane induced by alkyl radicals. In this case, the reaction occurs according to a complicated kinetic law including the first and second orders with respect to dioxirane. Based on the kinetics and reaction products, the scheme of the process was proposed.

Photochemical activation of ruthenium(II)-pyridylamine complexes having a pyridine- N -oxide pendant toward oxygenation of organic substrates

Ruthenium(II)-acetonitrile complexes having η3-tris(2- pyridylmethyl)amine (TPA) with an uncoordinated pyridine ring and diimine such as 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and 2,2′-bipyrimidine (bpm), [Ru II(η3-TPA)(diimine)(CH3CN)]2+, reacted with m-chloroperbenzoic acid to afford corresponding Ru(II)-acetonitrile complexes having an uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm, [RuII(η 3-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH3CN)]2+, with retention of the coordination environment. Photoirradiation of the acetonitrile complexes having diimine and the η3-TPA with the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm afforded a mixture of [RuII(TPA)(diimine)] 2+, intermediate-spin (S = 1) Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine arm, and intermediate-spin Ru(IV)-oxo complex with uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide arm. A Ru(II) complex bearing an oxygen-bound pyridine-N-oxide as a ligand and bpm as a diimine ligand was also obtained, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. Femtosecond laser flash photolysis of the isolated O-coordinated Ru(II)-pyridine-N-oxide complex has been investigated to reveal the photodynamics. The Ru(IV)-oxo complex with an uncoordinated pyridine moiety was alternatively prepared by reaction of the corresponding acetonitrile complex with 2,6-dichloropyridine-N-oxide (Cl 2py-O) to identify the Ru(IV)-oxo species. The formation of Ru(IV)-oxo complexes was concluded to proceed via intermolecular oxygen atom transfer from the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide to a Ru(II) center on the basis of the results of the reaction with Cl2py-O and the concentration dependence of the consumption of the starting Ru(II) complexes having the uncoordinated pyridine-N-oxide moiety. Oxygenation reactions of organic substrates by [RuII(η3-TPA-O)(diimine)(CH 3CN)]2+ were examined under irradiation (at 420 ± 5 nm) and showed selective allylic oxygenation of cyclohexene to give cyclohexen-1-ol and cyclohexen-1-one and cumene oxygenation to afford cumyl alcohol and acetophenone.

Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-phase decarbonylation of α-methyl-trans-cinamaldehyde and E-2-methyl-2-pentenal under homogeneous catalysis of hydrogen chloride

The kinetics of the gas-phase elimination of α-methyl-trans- cinamaldehyde catalyzed by HCl in the temperature range of 399.0-438.7 °C, and the pressure range of 38-165 Torr is a homogeneous, molecular, pseudo first-order process and undergoing a parallel reaction to produce via (A) α-methylstyrene and CO gas and via (B) β-methylstyrene and CO gas. The decomposition of substrate E-2-methyl-2-pentenal was performed in the temperature range of 370.0-410.0 °C and the pressure range of 44-150 Torr also undergoing a molecular, pseudo first-order reaction gives E-2-pentene and CO gas. These reactions were carried out in a static system seasoned reactions vessels and in the presence of toluene free radical inhibitor. The rate coefficients are given by the following Arrhenius expressions: Products formation from α-methyl-trans-cinamaldehyde α-methylstyrene: logk1′s-1lmol-1=12.67±0.02-183.3±0.31kJmol-12.303RT-1 β-methylstyrene: logk1′s-1lmol-1=13.19±0.03-183.0±0. 45kJmol-12.303RT-1 Products formation from E-2-methyl-2-pentenal E-2-pentene: logk1′s-1lmol-1=12.79±0.06-174.5±0.80kJmol-12.303RT-1 The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the thermal decomposition of α-methyl-trans-cinamaldehyde suggest that via (A) proceeds through a bicyclic transition state type of mechanism to yield α-methylstyrene and carbon monoxide, whereas via (B) through a five-membered cyclic transition state to give β-methylstyrene and carbon monoxide. However, the elimination of E-2-methyl-2-pentenal occurs by way of a concerted cyclic five-membered transition state mechanism producing E-2-pentene and carbon monoxide. The present results support that uncatalyzed α-β-unsaturated aldehydes decarbonylate through a three-membered cyclic transition state type of mechanism. Copyright

Solvent-free oxidation of cumene by molecular oxygen catalyzed by cobalt salen-type complexes

Co(salen)-type [where salen = di-(salicylal)-ethylenediimine] complexes were shown to be efficient catalysts in the oxidation of 2-phenylpropane (cumene) by dioxygen primarily to 2-phenyl-2-propanol (cumyl alcohol), 2-phe-nylpropene (a-methylstyrene), and 1-phenylethanone (acetophenone) applying 1H NMR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The effect of substitution on the ligand was also monitored in both oxygen-absorption and the catalytic reaction. Based on these results, the trend observed for the production of a-methylstyrene and cumyl alcohol were parallel to dioxygen uptake by the catalyst in neat cumene, while acetophenone productions obeyed a non-linear trend. The best selectivity for the reaction in terms of acetophenone production was observed for the complex with the least oxygen-absorption feature. The intermediate of the reaction, LCo(III)-OOcumyl (where L = salen) complex, was synthesized and characterized by IR, 1H NMR spectroscopy as well as elemental analysis, and its reactivity in the present catalytic reaction was also studied. A series of experiments were performed to propose a mechanism for the reaction on the basis of the product distributions in the reaction mixture. Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.

Catalysis by hydrogen chloride in the gas-phase elimination kinetics of 2-phenyl-2-propanol and 3-methyl-1-buten-3-ol

A homogeneous, molecular, gas-phase elimination kinetics of 2-phenyl-2-propanol and 3-methyl-1-buten-3-ol catalyzed by hydrogen chloride in the temperature range 325-386 °C and pressure range 34-149 torr are described. The rate coefficients are given by the following Arrhenius equations: for 2-phenyl-2-propanol log k1 (s-1) = (11.01±0.31)-(109.5±2.8)kJ mol-1 (2.303 RT) -1 and for 3-methyl-l-buten-3-ol log k1, (s-1) = (11.50±0.18)-(116.5±1.4)kJmol-1 (2.303 RT) -1. Electron delocalization of the CH2=CH and C 6H5 appears to be an important effect in the rate enhancement of acid catalyzed tertiary alcohols in the gas phase, A concerted six-member cyclic transition state type of mechanism appears to be, as described before, a rational interpretation for the dehydration process of these substrates. Copyright

Fragmentation and 1,2-addition reactions upon action of methyllithium on coupling products of ferrocenecarbaldehyde with dibenzoylmethane

2-Ferrocenylmethylidene-1,2-diphenylpropanedione (3), 2,4-dibenzoyl-3- ferrocenyl-1,5-diphenylpentane-1,5-dione (4), and 2,4-dibenzoyl-3-ferrocenyl-2- [(ferrocenyl)hydroxymethyl]-1,5-diphenylpentane-1,5-dione (5) react with MeLi to undergo fragmentation a

Effect of acetophenone on liquid-phase dehydration of dimethylphenylmethanol

The acid-catalyzed liquid-phase dehydration of dimethylphenylmethanol to α-methylstyrene was considered. The scheme and mathematical model of liquid-phase dehydration of dimethylphenylmethanol were proposed, and the effect of acetophenone on the reaction kinetic parameters was studied.

THE ADDITION OF THE NORMANT REAGENT ("CH3MgBr" + CuBr) TO TERMINAL ALKYNES IN THF. CONCERNING THE NATURE OF THE REACTIVE SPECIES IN SOLUTION

The reactive intermediates in the Normant reagent responsible for reaction with terminal alkynes in THF have been determined.