25662-37-7Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Photoredox/Cobalt Dual-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Elimination of Carboxylic Acids: Development and Mechanistic Insight
Cartwright, Kaitie C.,Joseph, Ebbin,Comadoll, Chelsea G.,Tunge, Jon A.
, p. 12454 - 12471 (2020/09/09)
Recently, dual-catalytic strategies towards the decarboxylative elimination of carboxylic acids have gained attention. Our lab previously reported a photoredox/cobaloxime dual catalytic method that allows the synthesis of enamides and enecarbamates directly from N-acyl amino acids and avoids the use of any stoichiometric reagents. Further development, detailed herein, has improved upon this transformation's utility and further experimentation has provided new insights into the reaction mechanism. These new developments and insights are anticipated to aid in the expansion of photoredox/cobalt dual-catalytic systems.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of cyclic nitrogen mustards based on carnitine framework
Leiris, Simon,Lucas, Marc,Dupuy D'Angeac, Arnaud,Morre, Alain
experimental part, p. 4140 - 4148 (2010/10/02)
Two series of cyclic nitrogen mustards structurally related to l-carnitine have been prepared. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was evaluated by using Chlorambucil as a reference. In accordance with earlier report, the cytotoxicity is in direct correlation with the lipophilicity of the introduced alkyl chains. Among the cyclic nitrogen mustards synthesized, the most cytotoxic compounds were the one acylated with a palmitoyl side chain, which showed activities comparable to that of Chlorambucil.
Malononitrile as acylanion equivalent
F?rster, Sebastian,Tverskoy, Olena,Helmchen, Günter
experimental part, p. 2803 - 2806 (2009/05/26)
The oxidation of derivatives of malononitrile with peracid in methanol proceeds with loss of the cyano groups to yield methyl esters in high yield. The method was applied to a variety of malononitrile derivatives, some of which were prepared by Pd- or Ir-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution. Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
Stereoselective synthesis of a conformationally defined cyclohexyl carnitine analogue that binds CPT-1 with high affinity
Hutchison, Tracy L.,Saeed, Ashraf,Wolkowicz, Paul E.,McMillin, Jeanie B.,Brouillette, Wayne J.
, p. 1505 - 1511 (2007/10/03)
Carnitine (1, 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammoniobutyrate) is important in mammalian tissue as a carrier of acyl groups. In order to explore the binding requirements of the carnitine acyltransferases for carnitine, we designed conformationally defined cy- clohexyl carnitine analogues. These diastereomers contain the required gauche conformation between the trimethylammonium and hydroxy groups but vary the conformation between the hydroxy and carboxylic acid groups. Here we describe the synthesis and biological activity of the all-trans diastereomer (2), which was prepared by the ring opening of trans-methyl 2,3-epoxycylohex- anecarboxylate with NaN3 . Racemic 2 was a competitive inhibitor of neonatal rat cardiac myocyte CPT-1 (K(i) 0.5 mMfor racemic 2; K(m) 0.2 mM for L-carnitine) and a noncompetitive inhibitor of neonatal rat cardiac myocyte CPT-2 (K(i) 0.67 mM). These results suggest that 2 represents the bound conformation of carnitine for CPT-1. (C) 1999 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
The use of - for the carbonylation of primary, secondary and allylic halides
Davies, Stephen G.,Smallridge, Andrew J.,Ibbotson, Arthur
, p. 195 - 201 (2007/10/02)
The tricarbonyl nitrosyl ferrate anion (1) is an efficient carbonylation reagent for the formation of methyl esters from primary and secondary alkyl and benzyl halides.The carbonylation of allyl halides results in the exclusive formation of β,γ-unsaturated esters.Studies of the catalytic use of 1 are also described.
HOMOLYTIC DISPLACEMENT AT CARBON. X. TOLUENESULPHONYL IODIDE AS A SOURCE OF TOLUENESULPHONYL RADICALS FOR THE FORMATION OF ALLYL-, BENZYL-, CYCLOPROPYLCARBINYL-, SPIROCYCLOPROPYLCYCLOALKYL-, BICYCLOALKYL-, AND BICYCLOALKYL-4-TOLYLSULPHONES FROM ORGANOCOBALOXIMES
Ashcroft, Martyn R.,Bougeard, Peter,Bury, Adrian,Cooksey, Christopher J.,Johnson, Michael D.
, p. 403 - 416 (2007/10/02)
4-Toluenesulphonyl iodide reacts thermally at alkylsulphone.Spiro- and bicyclo-alkyl compounds are also formed with other free radical precursors.The reactions are believed to take place through a chain mechanism in which cobaloxime(II), present adventitiously or formed by partial homolysis of the substrate, abstracts iodine from the toluenesulphonyl iodide to give the toluenesulphonyl radical, which attacks the organic ligand of the cobaloxime, preferably at the terminal olefinic carbon, thereby displacing cobaloxime(II) and giving the observed organic product.
The Diels-Alder Route to Allylsilanes from 1-Trimethylsilylbutadienes
Carter, Martin J.,Fleming, Ian,Percival, Alan
, p. 2415 - 2434 (2007/10/02)
The synthesis and Diels-Alder reactions of 1-trimethylsilylbutadiene (3) and its 3-methyl (17), 3-trimethylsilyloxy (20), 4-methyl (4), and 4-trimethylsilyl (6) derivatives are reported.The silyl group reduces somewhat the rate of the Diels-Alder reactions, and has, if anything, a small 'ortho'-directing effect on the regioselectivity in the reactions of (3) with methyl acylate, methyl propiolate, citraconic anhydride, and 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone.The other substituent in the dienes (17), (20), and (4) is therefore the major influence on the regioselectivity in the reactions of these dienes with methyl acrylate and methyl propiolate.The products of the Diels-Alder reactions of (3), (17), and (4) are allylsilanes, which undergo clean protodesilylation with acid, and, with the acid and ester derived from the maleic anhydride adduct of (3), undergo epoxidation and sulphenylation reactions giving an allyl alcohol (33) and an allyl sulphide (37), respectively.The adducts from (20) can be hydrolysed to β-silylketones, which can be converted into enones by bromination. 1-Pentamethyldisilylbutadiene (15) is no more reactive and no more regioselective than (3).The 'ortho'-adduct (42) from the reaction of (3) and methyl propiolate aromatises with DDQ to give methyl m-trimethylsilylbenzoate (53) in high yield, in a reaction involving rearrangement of the silyl group, even though a direct dehydrogenation is an available pathway.
Preparation of organic acids and/or esters
-
, (2008/06/13)
Carboxylic acids and/or esters are prepared by converting the STR1 moiety in a 1-substituted 2,2-trihaloethanol, or derivative wherein X represents halogen and R is hydrogen or an acyl group to an organic acid and/or ester grouping of the formula STR2 wherein R' is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, in the process which comprises reacting the 1-substituted 2,2,2-trihaloethanol or acylated derivative with molecular oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a complex of a transition metal having an atomic number from 21-30, 39-48 or 57-80 and at least one molecule of a ligand containing trivalent nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic or antimony. This reaction is carried out in a reaction medium comprising an alcohol or aqueous alcohol having 1 to 6 carbon atoms optionally containing an alkali metal, said alcoholic solvent also serving as a reactant source when carboxylic acid esters are formed.
Preparation of β,γ-Unsaturated Methyl Esters from Allylic Alcohols
Whitesell, James K.,Helbling, Andre M.
, p. 4135 - 4139 (2007/10/02)
β,γ-Unsaturated esters are of interest for the synthesis of mono- and sesquiterpenes where the alkene linkage is destined for cleavage to a dialdehyde as well as for the synthesis of γ-butyrolactones. A general method for the preparation of deconjugated esters of this type from allylic alcohols is described. The method is useful for the construction of β,γ-unsaturated esters where the ? bond is disubstituted and part of a cyclic array. The sequence works only poorly in acyclic systems.
