27982-06-5Relevant articles and documents
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Gattermann
, p. 1130 (1889)
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Aryl Ether Syntheses via Aromatic Substitution Proceeding under Mild Conditions
Ando, Shin,Tsuzaki, Marina,Ishizuka, Tadao
, p. 11181 - 11189 (2020/10/12)
In this study, mild conditions for aromatic substitutions during the syntheses of aryl ethers were developed. In the reaction conditions, the choices of solvent, base, and the sequence for the addition of the reagents proved important. A wide variety of alcohols were used directly as nucleophiles and smoothly reacted with aryl chlorides that possessed either a nitro or a cyano group at either the ortho- or para-position. Controlled experiments we performed suggested that the reaction underwent a charge-transfer process mediated by a combination of DMF and tert-BuOK.
Novel palladium nanoparticles supported on β-cyclodextrin@graphene oxide as magnetically recyclable catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with two different approaches in bio-based solvents
Heidari, Bahareh,Heravi, Majid M.,Nabid, Mohammad Reza,Sedghi, Roya,Hooshmand, Seyyed Emad
, (2018/11/23)
A novel nanocatalyst was designed and prepared. Initially, the surface of magnetic graphene oxide (M-GO) was modified using thionyl chloride, tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane and acryloyl chloride as linkers which provide reactive C═C bonds for the polymerization of vinylic monomers. Separately, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was treated with acryloyl chloride to provide a modified β-CD. Then, in the presence methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker, monomers of modified β-CD and acrylamide were polymerized on the surface of the pre-prepared M-GO. Finally, palladium acetate and sodium borohydride were added to this composite to afford supported palladium nanoparticles. This fabricated nanocomposite was fully characterized using various techniques. The efficiency of this easily separable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst was successfully examined in Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides and boronic acid as well as in modified Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reactions of N-acylsuccinimides and boronic acid in green media. The results showed that the nanocatalyst was efficient in coupling reactions for direct formation of the corresponding biphenyl as well as benzophenone derivatives in green media based on bio-based solvents. In addition, the nanocatalyst was easily separable, using an external magnet, and could be reused several times without significant loss of activity under the optimum reaction conditions.