103-73-1Relevant academic research and scientific papers
1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane as a diversified radical reagent
Yamazaki, Osamu,Togo, Hideo,Matsubayashi, Sou,Yokoyama, Masataka
, p. 1921 - 1924 (1998)
Reactivity of 1,1,2,2-tetraphenyldisilane as a radical reagent in ethanol was studied in reduction of alkyl bromides, addition to olefin and alkylation onto heteroaromatic bases with alkyl bromides. The present organodisilane showed moderate to good reactivities for these three types of radical reactions.
Nanosized ferric hydroxide catalyzed c-o cross-coupling of phenol and halides to generate phenoxy ether
Sun, Hongbin,Sun, Yuanhua,Tian, Xiaohua,Zhao, Yunxia,Qi, Xuan
, p. 6189 - 6191 (2013)
The iron-based catalyst can effectively catalyze the phenolic hydroxyl C-O bond formation reaction to give the corresponding phenoxy ethers. The reaction of phenol and methyl chloroacetate, for example, gives phenoxy acetic acid methyl ester in 98 % yield under the optimal reaction conditions. Among the iron-based catalysts, nanosized ferric hydroxide prepared through sol-gel method gives the best catalytic activity.
Selective synthesis of p-ethylphenol by gas-phase alkylation of phenol with ethanol
Sad,Duarte,Padró,Apesteguía
, p. 77 - 84 (2014)
The selective synthesis of p-ethylphenol from gas-phase alkylation of phenol with ethanol was studied on zeolites HZSM5 and HMCM22 at 523 K. Phenol reacted directly with ethanol to form ethylphenylether by O-alkylation, and p- and o-ethylphenol isomers by C-alkylation; secondary products were m-ethylphenol and dialkylated compounds. Both zeolites presented similar activity and formed low amounts of ethylphenylether and dialkylated products, but exhibited different ethylphenol isomers distribution. In fact, for a contact time of 99.3gh/mol the selectivity to p-ethylphenol was 51.4% on HMCM22 and only 14.2% on HZSM5. The superior performance of zeolite HMCM22 for selectively producing p-ethylphenol was due to its narrower pore channels that suppressed the formation of dialkylated products and hampered by diffusional constraints the formation of o-ethylphenol. The maximum p-ethylphenol yield obtained on HMCM22 was 41% at a contact time of 250gh/mol; for higher contact times, p-ethylphenol was increasingly converted to m-ethylphenol. All the samples deactivated on stream because of coke formation. The carbon amount built on HMCM22 diminished when contact time was increased thereby indicating that coke was mainly formed from the reactants. Additional catalytic runs showed that phenol was the main responsible of catalyst deactivation, probably because of its strong adsorption on surface active sites.
Electrogenerated base-promoted synthesis of organic carbonates from alcohols and carbon dioxide
Casadei, Maria Antonietta,Cesa, Stefania,Rossi, Leucio
, p. 2445 - 2448 (2000)
Electrogenerated bases promote the reaction between primary alcohols and carbon dioxide to give organic carbonates in excellent yields. Secondary alcohols are converted in moderate yields, whereas tertiary alcohols and phenols are unreactive. 1,2-Diols give a mixture of both cyclic and linear diand monocarbonates. These latter are intermediates in the reaction pathway leading to the cyclic derivatives.
Synthesis of novel greener functionalized ionic liquids containing appended hydroxyl
Feng, Guo Ren,Peng, Jia Jian,Qiu, Hua Yu,Jiang, Jian Xiong,Tao, Lan,Lai, Guo Qiao
, p. 2671 - 2675 (2007)
Novel "greener" functionalized ionic liquids have been prepared by the reaction of 1,2-epoxy propane and dilute sulfuric acid with [EMIm]Br or [BMIm]Br formed by alkyl bromide (RBr) and 1-methylimidazole. This kind of ionic liquid could be possibly used as green solvent and catalyst, especially as phase-transfer catalyst in organic chemistry (e.g., the synthesis of ethoxybenzene). Their chemical structures were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and IR. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Hexadecane Conversion on an Alumina–Nickel Catalyst
Chesnokov,Chichkan,Paukshtis,Chesalov, Yu. A.,Krasnov
, p. 439 - 445 (2019)
Abstract: The conversion of hexadecane on a 4% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst in a temperature range of 20–300°C was studied using IR spectroscopy and catalytic methods. It was found that the dehydrogenation of hexadecane occurred at 20–100°C with the subsequent formation of aromatic products, but the rates of these processes were very low. As the reaction temperature was increased to 200°C, the 4% Ni/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited a maximum activity and high selectivity for the formation of 1-hexadecene, and aromatic compounds and cracking products were present in the reaction products. As the reaction temperature was further increased, the catalytic activity significantly decreased. This was due to the fact that polyaromatic deposits gradually accumulated on the catalyst surface in a temperature range of 200–300°C.
Simple and Rapid Determination of the Activation Parameters of Organic Reactions by Temperature-Dependent NMR Spectroscopy I. Application to Irreversible Reactions
Satoh, Masahiro,Hirota, Minoru
, p. 2031 - 2038 (1996)
A rapid and convenient method for the evaluation of activation enthalpies and entropies of reactions in solutions was contrived. This was realized by the stepwise elevation of the temperature of a reaction system using a variable temperature apparatus of NMR spectrometer. A repetition of rapid collection of FIDs (Free Inductive Decays) at every plateau part of temperature at regular intervals allows us to determine the time-conversion curve, from which the rates at various temperatures were obtained as the first derivatives. Several examples of applications are shown.
Structure-Activity Relationship Studies to Identify Affinity Probes in Bis-aryl Sulfonamides That Prolong Immune Stimuli
Chan, Michael,Lao, Fitzgerald S.,Chu, Paul J.,Shpigelman, Jonathan,Yao, Shiyin,Nan, Jason,Sato-Kaneko, Fumi,Li, Vicky,Hayashi, Tomoko,Corr, Maripat,Carson, Dennis A.,Cottam, Howard B.,Shukla, Nikunj M.
, p. 9521 - 9540 (2019)
Agents that safely induce, enhance, or sustain multiple innate immune signaling pathways could be developed as potent vaccine adjuvants or coadjuvants. Using high-throughput screens with cell-based nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and interferon stimulating response element (ISRE) reporter assays, we identified a bis-aryl sulfonamide bearing compound 1 that demonstrated sustained NF-κB and ISRE activation after a primary stimulus with lipopolysaccharide or interferon-α, respectively. Here, we present systematic structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies on the two phenyl rings and amide nitrogen of the sulfonamide group of compound 1 focused toward identification of affinity probes. The murine vaccination studies showed that compounds 1 and 33 when used as coadjuvants with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) showed significant enhancement in antigen ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin responses compared to MPLA alone. SAR studies pointed to the sites on the scaffold that can tolerate the introduction of aryl azide, biotin, and fluorescent rhodamine substituents to obtain several affinity and photoaffinity probes which will be utilized in concert for future target identification and mechanism of action studies.
Ionic liquids as reagent and reaction medium: Preparation of alkyl aryl ethers
Mohanazadeh, Farajollah,Aghvami, Majid
, p. 47 - 49 (2007)
Room temperature ionic liquid, [bmIm]OH, is used as a green recyclable reaction medium and reagent for the alkylation of phenols in excellent yields. The recovered ionic liquid was reused five to six times with consistent activity.
Selective hydrogenation of substituted styrene to alkylbenzene catalyzed by Al2O3 nanoparticles
Kaleeswari, Kalairajan,Tamil Selvi, Arunachalam
, (2022/01/22)
A straightforward and suitable protocol is described for the conversion of substituted styrene to alkylbenzenes in the presence of Al2O3 nanoparticles (nano-Al2O3) as heterogeneous solid catalysts using N2H4·H2O as a hydrogen source under mild reaction conditions. A complete conversion of styrene is obtained using nano-Al2O3 as a heterogeneous catalyst. Besides, this catalyst system is also successfully applied to promote the broad range of styrene substituted derivatives to their respective alkylbenzene compounds in moderate to higher conversions. The reaction is discovered to be heterogeneous in nature and nano-Al2O3 can be reused for three runs with no diminish in its performance. Besides, the analyses of the fresh and three times reused nano-Al2O3 solid by various analytical techniques. Transmission electron microscope indicates that the structural features, surface morphology, and particle size endure unchanged throughout the reaction. Some of the significant features of this procedure are mild reaction conditions, price effectiveness of the catalyst (Pd or Pt free catalyst), high conversion, functional group endurance, absence of noble metals/additives, and reusability of the catalyst. The scope of the reaction procedure can be extended to various linear and cyclic alkenes. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
