3055-14-9Relevant academic research and scientific papers
Nickel(0)-catalyzed intramolecular reductive coupling of alkenes and aldehydes or ketones with hydrosilanes
Hayashi, Yukari,Hoshimoto, Yoichi,Kumar, Ravindra,Ohashi, Masato,Ogoshi, Sensuke
supporting information, p. 6237 - 6240 (2016/05/19)
A nickel(0)-catalyzed reductive coupling of aldehydes and simple alkenes with hydrosilanes has been developed. A variety of silyl-protected 1-indanol derivatives were prepared in a highly diastereoselective manner (up to >99:1 dr) by employing a combination of nickel(0)/N-heterocyclic carbene and triethylsilane. The present system was also applied to a reductive coupling with ketones. Preliminary results of a nickel(0)-catalyzed asymmetric three-component coupling reaction of an aldehyde, an alkene, and triethylsilane are also shown.
Reaction routes in catalytic reforming of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) into renewable hydrocarbon oil
Kang, Shimin,Yu, Jian
, p. 30005 - 30013 (2015/05/13)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) or PHB is an energy storage material of microbial organisms and can be reformed into hydrocarbon oils rich with aromatic compounds. This work investigated the main reaction routes from PHB to the key intermediates and final hydrocarbons. The main sequential reactions under catalysis of phosphoric acid at moderate temperatures (200-230 °C) consist of: (1) decomposition of PHB into crotonic acid, a major monomeric intermediate, (2) deoxygenation of crotonic acid, and (3) combination of the deoxygenated molecules. The oxygen in PHB is removed as CO2 and H2O in stage (2), involving decarboxylation and ketonization of crotonic acid. The main aromatic compounds are formed in stage (3) from propylene and 2,3-dimethyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one as two key intermediates, the former from decarboxylation and the latter from ketonization of crotonic acid. The reaction routes reveal that the formation of aromatics is affected to a great extent by the concentrations of phosphoric acid and water in the reaction, which can be used to control the composition of hydrocarbon oil.
One-pot production of hydrocarbon oil from poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
Kang, Shimin,Yu, Jian
, p. 14320 - 14327 (2014/04/17)
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) is an energy storage material of many microbial species, and has been found to be an effective feedstock for production of renewable hydrocarbon oils. A high oil yield (up to 38.2 wt%) was obtained in a phosphoric acid (H3PO4) solution at mild temperatures (165-240 °C). PHB and crotonic acid (C4H 6O2), a dominant thermal degradation product of PHB, were deoxygenated mainly via decarboxylation, generating similar liquid and gaseous products. Carbon dioxide and propylene were the major products in gas phase with little CO formation. The hydrocarbon oil (C4-C16) is a mixture of alkanes, alkenes, benzenes and naphthalenes. Aromatics (C10-C15) were the major hydrocarbons in a 100 wt% H3PO4 solution, while alkenes and alkanes (C4-C9) were favored in diluted solutions (50 wt% to 85 wt% H 3PO4). The concentration of H3PO4 was a key factor that affected the oil composition and yield. A highly efficient decarboxylation of crotonic acid at 220 °C for 3 hours resulted in 70.8 wt% of oxygen being removed as CO2 and 57.0 wt% of carbon being recovered as hydrocarbon oil. The H3PO4 solution can be repeatedly used for high yield oil production. This work shows that a type of new biological feedstock can be used to produce renewable hydrocarbon oil in an efficient one-pot reaction. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
Friedel-crafts alkylation and acylation in the absence of solvent
Ghiaci,Asghari
, p. 2213 - 2220 (2007/10/03)
A short and efficient synthetic route, for alkylation and acylation of aromatic compounds in the absence of solvent is developed. According to the reaction system and conditions used, different alkyl-, and acyl arenes are obtained in moderate to good yields. The structures are assigned by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.
