3055-93-4Relevant articles and documents
Contact allergens from surfactants. Atmospheric oxidation of polyoxyethylene alcohols, formation of ethoxylated aldehydes, and their allergenic activity
Bergh, Margareta,Shao, Li Ping,Hagelthorn, Gunnel,Gaefvert, Elisabeth,Nilsson, J. Lars G.,Karlberg, Ann-Therese
, p. 276 - 282 (1998)
Ethoxylated surfactants are susceptible to oxidation upon air exposure. We have previously studied the rate of peroxidation and formaldehyde formation in the chemically well-defined ethoxylated alcohol C12H25(OCH2)5OH. Formaldehyde is a common cause of contact allergy. The aim of the present study was to identify other oxidation products that could be formed upon air exposure of the ethoxylated alcohol and to determine their allergenic activity. It was shown that air oxidation of C12H25(OCH2CH2)5OH gave all the theoretically possible aldehydes of the general formula C12H25(OCH:2Ch2)(n)OCH2CHO (n = 0-4) and that the major oxidation product was C12H25(OCH2CH2)4OCH2CHO, dodecyltetraoxyethyleneoxyacetaldehyde. The structure elucidation and synthesis of these aldehydes are here presented for the time. The major aldehyde was shown to be a contact allergen with the same sensitizing capacity as that of formaldehyde. A dose-response relationship was observed in the sensitization studies. The allergens were formed from the surfactant itself and the skin reactions cannot be explained due to any impurities that may be present in a technical quality of the surfactant. Cases of allergic contact dermatitis to ethoxylated surfactants have been reported. To avoid the formation of allergenic oxidation products it is important to control the conditions for storage, handling, and transportation of ethoxylated surfactants.
Polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid dimeric surfactant type drag reducer as well as preparation method and application thereof
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Paragraph 0087-0089; 0114-0116; 0141-0143, (2019/09/13)
The invention discloses a polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid dimeric surfactant type drag reducer as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic aciddimeric surfactant type drag reducer has a structure formula m=2, 3, 4, and n=1, 2, 3. The drag reducer disclosed by the invention is a dimeric surfactant type drag reducer which has a head group of carboxylic acid, and the head group has the advantages of being very good in temperature resistance, salt resistance, environment protection and the like, and is capable of overcoming influence of a high-salt environment upon drag reduction performance, so that the drag reducer disclosed by the invention is high in drag reduction efficiency, good in shearing resistance, long-lasting and stable in drag reduction rate and good in salt resistance; and polyoxyethylene ether carboxylic acid dimeric surfactants of different mass concentrations are dissolved into water, a drag reduction solution whichis high in drag reduction efficiency, good in shearing resistance, long-lasting and stable in drag reduction rate and good in salt resistance can be prepared without any other compounded chemical reagent, solution blending steps are simple, the drag reducer is very convenient to use, and meanwhile, the salt resistance is greatly improved.
Synthesis of some acyclic quaternary ammonium compounds. Alkylation of secondary and tertiary amines in a two-phase system
Kharlamov,Artyushin,Bondarenko
, p. 2445 - 2454 (2015/08/03)
A series of acyclic symmetrical and asymmetrical quaternary ammonium chlorides of the general formula R1R2R3N+AR4Cl- (R1 = Me, Bu; R2 = n-C12H25, PhCH2, C n H2n+1(OCH2CH2) m, n = 9 and 12, m = 1 and 2; R3 = n-C12H25, PhCH2, HOCH2CH2,-OOCCH2; R4 = n-C12H25, PhCH2; A = (CH2CH2O)1,2, CH2C(O)O) was synthesized by the alkylation of tertiary amines in a two-phase system containing water. A convenient method for the synthesis of the initial symmetrical and asymmetrical tertiary amines of the general formula MeNR1R2 (R1 = Me, Bu; R2 = n-C12H25, PhCH2, CnH2n+1(OCH2CH2) m, n = 9 and 12, m = 1 and 2) in an organic phase-aqueous phase heterogeneous system, which allows the use of aqueous solutions of alkali and amines, was developed. The improved method for the preparation of intermediate ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol monoethers is monoalkylation of glycols in dioxane using solid KOH in a two-phase system.
