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31241-19-7

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31241-19-7 Usage

General Description

2,3,3-Trimethyl-5-methoxy-3H-indole is a chemical compound belonging to the class of organic compounds known as indoles. Indoles are compounds containing a cyclopentane conjugated to a pyrrole ring. In the structure of 2,3,3-Trimethyl-5-methoxy-3H-indole, the pyrrole ring (a five-membered aromatic ring with one nitrogen atom) is fused with a benzene ring with three methyl groups and one methoxy group attached to it. Furthermore, its compound is not naturally found but is rather a synthetic compound. Its chemical properties and biological activities greatly depend on its precise molecular structure, which must be confirmed by spectroscopic methods. It might be used in diverse fields as material science and medicinal chemistry, though its specific purposes are not prominent in the literature.

Check Digit Verification of cas no

The CAS Registry Mumber 31241-19-7 includes 8 digits separated into 3 groups by hyphens. The first part of the number,starting from the left, has 5 digits, 3,1,2,4 and 1 respectively; the second part has 2 digits, 1 and 9 respectively.
Calculate Digit Verification of CAS Registry Number 31241-19:
(7*3)+(6*1)+(5*2)+(4*4)+(3*1)+(2*1)+(1*9)=67
67 % 10 = 7
So 31241-19-7 is a valid CAS Registry Number.
InChI:InChI=1/C12H15NO/c1-8-12(2,3)10-7-9(14-4)5-6-11(10)13-8/h5-7H,1-4H3

31241-19-7SDS

SAFETY DATA SHEETS

According to Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS) - Sixth revised edition

Version: 1.0

Creation Date: Aug 14, 2017

Revision Date: Aug 14, 2017

1.Identification

1.1 GHS Product identifier

Product name 5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethylindole

1.2 Other means of identification

Product number -
Other names 2,3,3-trimethyl-5-methoxy-3H-indole

1.3 Recommended use of the chemical and restrictions on use

Identified uses For industry use only.
Uses advised against no data available

1.4 Supplier's details

1.5 Emergency phone number

Emergency phone number -
Service hours Monday to Friday, 9am-5pm (Standard time zone: UTC/GMT +8 hours).

More Details:31241-19-7 SDS

31241-19-7Synthetic route

3-methyl-butan-2-one
563-80-4

3-methyl-butan-2-one

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride
19501-58-7

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid for 5.5h; Fischer Indole Synthesis; Reflux;99%
With perchloric acid In ethanol Fischer indolization; Heating;95%
With acetic acid Fischer Indole Synthesis; Reflux;90%
3-methyl-butan-2-one
563-80-4

3-methyl-butan-2-one

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloric acid salt

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloric acid salt

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid at 110℃; for 2h;97%
3-methyl-butan-2-one
563-80-4

3-methyl-butan-2-one

4-Methoxyphenylhydrazine
3471-32-7

4-Methoxyphenylhydrazine

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid for 10h; Reflux;95%
With acetic acid at 20℃; for 0.333333h; Fischer indole synthesis;85%
In ethanol Fischer Indole Synthesis; Reflux;76%
3-methyl-butan-2-one
563-80-4

3-methyl-butan-2-one

sulfuric acid
7664-93-9

sulfuric acid

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride
19501-58-7

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium hydroxide In ethanol; water95%
N-(1,2-dimethyl-propylidene)-N'-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydrazine
41797-84-6

N-(1,2-dimethyl-propylidene)-N'-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-hydrazine

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetic acid Heating;
4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride
19501-58-7

4-methoxyphenylhydrazine hydrochloride

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 2 steps
1: CH3COONa
2: acetic acid / Heating
View Scheme
4-methoxy-aniline
104-94-9

4-methoxy-aniline

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1.1: NaNO2; HCl
1.2: SnCl2; HCl
2.1: CH3COONa
3.1: acetic acid / Heating
View Scheme
3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone
115-22-0

3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-2-butanone

4-methoxy-aniline
104-94-9

4-methoxy-aniline

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sulfuric acid; acetic acid In toluene
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

3,5-dimethyl-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

3,5-dimethyl-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde

(E)-2-(2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole

(E)-2-(2-(3,5-dimethyl-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)vinyl)-5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: 5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole With hydrogenchloride In water at 20℃; for 0.5h; Inert atmosphere;
Stage #2: 3,5-dimethyl-1-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde In water for 4h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;
96%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

2,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-3H-indole
41797-88-0

2,3,3-trimethyl-5-hydroxy-3H-indole

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With boron tribromide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 18h;95%
With hydrogen bromide In water at 140℃; for 2h;92%
With boron tribromide In dichloromethane at 0 - 20℃; for 20.5h;91%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

(R)-5-methoxyl-2,3,3-trimethylindoline

(R)-5-methoxyl-2,3,3-trimethylindoline

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With Ru(OSO2CF3)(CH3C6H4CH(CH3)2)(NH2CHC6H5CHC6H5NSO2C6H4CF3); hydrogen at 25℃; under 760.051 Torr; for 24h; Inert atmosphere; Glovebox; Autoclave; enantioselective reaction;92%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin

5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin

C56H43N5O

C56H43N5O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In tetrahydrofuran at 70℃; for 0.5h; Time;90%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

3-bromo-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium bromide
3779-42-8

3-bromo-N,N,N-trimethyl-1-propanaminium bromide

5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-1-(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-3H-indolium dibromide

5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-1-(3-(trimethylammonio)propyl)-3H-indolium dibromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene for 72h; Inert atmosphere; Reflux;88%
1,3-propanesultone
1120-71-4

1,3-propanesultone

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

C15H21NO4S

C15H21NO4S

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile for 10h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;88%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

N,N-dimethyl-formamide
68-12-2, 33513-42-7

N,N-dimethyl-formamide

2-(5-methoxy-3,3-dimethylindolin-2-ylidene)malonaldehyde
1649478-51-2

2-(5-methoxy-3,3-dimethylindolin-2-ylidene)malonaldehyde

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Stage #1: N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 5℃;
Stage #2: 5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole at 5 - 75℃;
85%
Stage #1: 5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole; N,N-dimethyl-formamide With trichlorophosphate at 95℃; for 9h;
Stage #2: With sodium hydroxide
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin

5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-2-aza-21-carbaporphyrin

C56H43N5O

C56H43N5O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In toluene at 110℃; for 3h; Reflux;80%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

methyl iodide
74-88-4

methyl iodide

5-methoxy-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide
57019-81-5

5-methoxy-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
at 40℃; for 22.5h;74%
for 15h; Reflux;68%
In benzene67%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

2-bromoethanol
540-51-2

2-bromoethanol

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium bromide

1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium bromide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile for 24h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;68%
In acetonitrile
In toluene for 12h; Reflux; Inert atmosphere;
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

1-iodo-butane
542-69-8

1-iodo-butane

1-butyl-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide

1-butyl-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile for 36h; Reflux;64%
for 72h; Reflux;56%
In acetonitrile at 90℃;
In acetonitrile at 100℃;
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

2,4,6-triphenylpyrilium perchlorate
1484-88-4

2,4,6-triphenylpyrilium perchlorate

2-methoxy-10,10-dimethyl-6,8-diphenyl-10H-pyrido[1,2-a]indolium perchlorate

2-methoxy-10,10-dimethyl-6,8-diphenyl-10H-pyrido[1,2-a]indolium perchlorate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With sodium acetate In ethanol for 2h; Heating;51%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

croconic acid
488-86-8

croconic acid

5-((5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-2-yl)methylene)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxocyclopent-1-enolate

5-((5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium-2-yl)methylene)-2-hydroxy-3,4-dioxocyclopent-1-enolate

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In water; acetone at 25℃; for 144h;47%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride

5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With acetyl chloride In toluene at 5℃; for 12h;46.12%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

toluene-4-sulfonic acid
104-15-4

toluene-4-sulfonic acid

(Z)-2-chloro-3-(hydroxymethylene)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde

(Z)-2-chloro-3-(hydroxymethylene)cyclohex-1-ene-1-carbaldehyde

2-((E)-2-{2-Chloro-3-[2-[5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-(2E)-ylidene]-eth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohex-1-enyl}-vinyl)-5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole; compound with toluene-4-sulfonic acid

2-((E)-2-{2-Chloro-3-[2-[5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-(2E)-ylidene]-eth-(E)-ylidene]-cyclohex-1-enyl}-vinyl)-5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indole; compound with toluene-4-sulfonic acid

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In ethanol Heating;45%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

p-(chloromethyl)benzoic acid
1642-81-5

p-(chloromethyl)benzoic acid

N-(p-carboxybenzyl)-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride
949489-02-5

N-(p-carboxybenzyl)-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium chloride

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 110℃; for 12h;38%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

croconic acid
488-86-8

croconic acid

4-Hydroxy-3-[5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-(2E)-ylidenemethyl]-5-[1-(5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-2-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-cyclopent-3-ene-1,2-dione

4-Hydroxy-3-[5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-1,3-dihydro-indol-(2E)-ylidenemethyl]-5-[1-(5-methoxy-3,3-dimethyl-3H-indol-2-yl)-meth-(Z)-ylidene]-cyclopent-3-ene-1,2-dione

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In butan-1-ol; benzene Heating;36%
2-pyrrole aldehyde
1003-29-8

2-pyrrole aldehyde

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

C22H21N3O

C22H21N3O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With piperidine; acetic acid In toluene for 3h; Dean-Stark; Reflux;20%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

C23H25BF2N2O

C23H25BF2N2O

C35H38BF2N3O

C35H38BF2N3O

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With trifluoroacetic acid In ethanol for 12h; Reflux;14%
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

lithium 5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethylindolenide
115603-36-6

lithium 5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethylindolenide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
With n-butyllithium In diethyl ether; hexane at 0℃; for 3h;
1,4-butane sultone
1633-83-6

1,4-butane sultone

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

5-methoxy-1-(4-sulfooxybutyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium
54136-27-5

5-methoxy-1-(4-sulfooxybutyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indol-1-ium

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In 1,2-dichloro-benzene at 120℃; for 12h;
In toluene at 120℃; for 50h;1.9 g
In acetonitrile at 60℃;
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

ethyl iodide
75-03-6

ethyl iodide

1-Ethyl-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium; iodide

1-Ethyl-5-methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium; iodide

Conditions
ConditionsYield
In acetonitrile for 15h; Heating;
In acetonitrile at 90℃;
In acetonitrile at 100℃;
5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole
31241-19-7

5-Methoxy-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indole

1',3'-dihydro-5'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2',2'-(2H)-indole]
16331-96-7

1',3'-dihydro-5'-methoxy-1',3',3'-trimethyl-6-nitrospiro[2H-1-benzopyran-2',2'-(2H)-indole]

Conditions
ConditionsYield
Multi-step reaction with 3 steps
1: 49 percent / acetonitrile / 24 h / Heating
2: 70 percent / potassium hydroxide / H2O; acetonitrile / 1 h / 20 °C
3: 54 percent / toluene / 3 h / Heating
View Scheme

31241-19-7Relevant articles and documents

Synthesis, crystal structure and photochromism of a novel spiro[indoline-naphthaline]oxazine derivative

Li, Hong,Pang, Meili,Wu, Bianpeng,Meng, Jiben

, p. 23 - 29 (2015)

A new spiro[indoline-naphthaline]oxazine derivative, 12-methoxy-14,14-dimethyl-17-(piperidin-1-yl)-7,8,14,15a-tetrahydro-4bH-naphtho[1″,2″:5′,6′][1,4]oxazino[3′,2′:2,3][1,4]oxazino[4,3-a]indole (1), was successfully synthesized, and its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, HRMS and single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. X-ray diffraction indicates that benzene and naphthalene rings of compound 1 are almost perpendicular, and the piperidine ring at the 6′-C site is in a chair conformation. In the packing diagram, a couple of short intermolecular distances such as the intermolecular short contact are observed. The photochromic properties of compound 1 have been fully investigated in different solvents, it was found that it exhibited excellent photochromism properties in solvents.

Photomodulation of the electrode potential of a photochromic spiropyran-modified Au electrode in the presence of Zn2+: A new molecular switch based on the electronic transduction of the optical signals

Wen, Guoyong,Yan, Jie,Zhou, Yucheng,Zhang, Deqing,Mao, Lanqun,Zhu, Daoben

, p. 3016 - 3018 (2006)

The electrode potential of a photochromic spiropyran-modified Au electrode could be reversibly modulated by UV/visible light irradiation in the presence of Zn2+, and a new molecular switch and an AND logic gate based on this electronic transduction of the optical signals were established. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2006.

Newly synthesized indolium-based ionic liquids as unprecedented inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in acid medium

Ahmed, Saleh A.,Awad, Mohamed I.,Althagafi, Ismail I.,Altass, Hatem M.,Morad, Moataz,Alharbi, Ahmed,Obaid, Rami J.

, (2019)

New indolium-based ionic liquids (IBILs) of chemical formula 5-methoxy-1,2,3,3-tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide (IBIL-I), 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium iodide (IBIL-II), 2,3,3-trimethyl-1-(pyren-2-ylmthyl)-3H-indolium iodide (IBIL-III), 1-(3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium bromide (IBIL-IV) and 1-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2,3,3-trimethyl-3H-indolium bromide (IBIL-V) have been synthesized and characterized. The adsorption and corrosion inhibition effect of those IBILs have been studied using polarization measurements and cyclic voltammetry. It has been found that the inhibitive effect of the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M H2SO4 is inherently dependent on the structure of the studied IBILs; IBILs with bromide as an anionic head are more efficient than those with iodide. Thermodynamic calculations indicated that the adsorption on steel surface accords with Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Electrochemical measurements showed that the IBIL-IV, with the highest inhibition efficiency, acted mainly as a mixed type inhibitor, albeit the inhibition of the anodic branch is larger than the cathodic one. Cyclic voltammetric measurements at polycrystalline gold electrode gave an insight into the mechanism of corrosion inhibition by the studied ionic liquids.

Optimizing the framework of indolium hemicyanine to detect sulfur dioxide targeting mitochondria

Chao, Jianbin,Huo, Fangjun,Wang, Zhuo,Zhang, Ting,Zhang, Yongbin

supporting information, (2021/10/04)

Endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2) is mainly produced by the enzymatic reaction of sulfur-containing amino acids in mitochondria, which has unique biological activity in inflammatory reaction, regulating blood pressure and maintaining the homeostasis of biological sulfur. It is more and more common to detect monitor SO2 levels by fluorescence probe. In recent years, the indolium hemicyanine skeleton based on the D-π-A structure has been widely used in the development of fluorescent sensors for the detection of SO2. However, subtle changes in the chemical structure of indolium may cause significant differences in SO2 sensing behavior. In this article, we designed and synthesized two probes with different lipophilicities to further study the relationship between the structure and optical properties of hemicyanine dyes. On the basis of previous studies, the structure of indolium hemicyanine skeleton was optimized by introducing –OH group, so that MC-1 and MC-2 had the best response to SO32- in pure PBS system. In addition, the lipophilicity of MC-2 was better than that of MC-1, which enabled it to respond quickly to SO32- and better target mitochondria for SO2 detection. Most importantly, the low detection limits of MC-1 and MC-2 conducive to the detection of endogenous SO2. This work provided an idea for developing SO2 fluorescent sensors with excellent water solubility and low detection limit.

Fast, reversible mechanochromism of regioisomeric oxazine mechanophores: Developing in situ responsive force probes for polymeric materials

Qian, Hai,Purwanto, Nathan S.,Ivanoff, Douglas G.,Halmes, Abigail J.,Sottos, Nancy R.,Moore, Jeffrey S.

supporting information, p. 1080 - 1091 (2021/04/19)

To address hysteretic or irreversible mechanochromism found in most bond-scission-based mechanophores, we developed a new family of mechanophores based on the oxazine (OX) structural motif. Three OX regioisomers differing in their point of attachment to the indole ring show variable mechanochromic mechanoresponsiveness in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Constrained DFT simulations correlate the experimental findings to molecular scale events; two of the three regioisomers exhibit a force-activated rearrangement, while the third one is mechanochemically inactive. Most significantly, when compared with the spiropyran (SP) and the naphthopyran (NP), the OX mechanophores exhibit faster and reversible mechanochromism without any sign of fatigue. Such a rapid response to mechanical loads is rationalized by the difference between SP and OX scaffolds, given that the SP ring opening is accompanied by a trans-cis isomerization step. These fast-responsive mechanophores are anticipated to bring deeper understanding to a broad range of soft materials by in situ monitoring the local mechanics.

Light-Switchable Buffers

Berton, Cesare,Busiello, Daniel Maria,Fadaei-Tirani, Farzaneh,Pezzato, Cristian,Scopelliti, Rosario,Severin, Kay,Zamuner, Stefano

supporting information, p. 21737 - 21740 (2021/08/26)

A visible light-switchable buffer system based on a merocyanine photoacid is presented. Para-substitution of the indolium side with a methoxy group affords a compound suitable for making hydrolytically stable aqueous buffers whose pH can be tuned between 7 and 4 using 500 nm light.

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