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Relevant academic research and scientific papers

Controlled Relay Process to Access N-Centered Radicals for Catalyst-free Amidation of Aldehydes under Visible Light

Nitrogen-centered radicals have attracted increasing attention as a versatile reactive intermediate for diverse C–N bond constructions. Despite the significant advances achieved in this realm, the controllable formation of such species under catalyst-free conditions remains highly challenging. Here, we report a new relay process involving the slow in situ generation of a photoactive N-chloro species via C–N bond formation, which subsequently enables mild and selective access to N-centered radicals under visible light conditions. The utility of this approach is demonstrated by the conversion of aldehydes to amides, employing N-chloro-N-sodio carbamates as a practical amidating source. This synthetic operation obviates the need for catalysts, external oxidants, and coupling reagents that are typically required in related processes, consequently allowing high functional group tolerance and excellent applicability for late-stage functionalization. Amides are an important class of structural motifs prevalently found in bioactive compounds and synthetic materials of great significance. Amidation of aldehydes has been established as an atom-efficient strategy for amide synthesis; however, current methods lack in applicability mainly due to the requirement of troublesome reagents. In this article, we describe an unconventional relay process to convert aldehydes to amides under catalyst-, oxidant-, and coupling-reagent-free conditions, which is enabled by the development of a new mechanistic platform that gives efficient and controllable access to N-centered radicals under visible light. A wide range of (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes can be employed, including those derived from biologically relevant complex molecules. We anticipate that the accomplished methodological advances, combined with the unique mechanistic features, will lead to the widespread application of the present strategy in broad research fields. A catalyst-free approach for controlled access to N-centered radicals is described, which enables the conversion of aldehydes to amides via an unconventional relay process harnessing visible light. The key tactic relies on the use of photostable N-chloro-N-sodio-carbamate amidating reagent that leads to slow incorporations of a photoactive radical source via C–N formation and other involved intermediates thereafter. This methodology displays excellent applicability and sustainable chemistry credentials and, thus, holds a promise for finding broad applications.

NOVEL　AMIDATION　METHOD

The present invention relates to a novel amidation process. To the present invention, an active N -center radical activated by light irradiation can be utilized to provide a selective amidation method. In addition, the present invention can provide an amide compound derived from an aldehyde having a functional group of various aspects, and is expected to be applicable to various technical fields.

Copper(II)-Catalyzed Reactions of α-Keto Thioesters with Azides via C-C and C-S Bond Cleavages: Synthesis of N-Acylureas and Amides

Cu(II)-catalyzed reaction of α-keto thioesters with trimethylsilyl azide (TMSN3) proceeds with the transformation of the thioester group into urea through C-C and C-S bond cleavages, constituting a practical and straightforward synthesis of N-acylureas. When diphenyl phosphoryl azide (DPPA) is used instead as the azide source in an aqueous environment, primary amides are formed via substitution of the thioester group. The reactions are proposed to proceed through Curtius rearrangement of the initially formed α-keto acyl azide to generate an acyl isocyanate intermediate, which reacts further with an additional amount of azide or water and rearranges to afford the corresponding products. To demonstrate the potentiality of the method, one-step syntheses of pivaloylurea and isovaleroylurea, displaying anticonvulsant activities, have been carried out.

Novel Burgess reagent mediated C-to-N aryl migration reaction in nitrones

Nitrones undergo useful transformations with Burgess reagent. The reaction ostensibly involves a [3 + 2] annulation across a σ-bond followed by rearrangement involving C-to-N aryl migration. On the basis of available experimental evidence, plausible mechanisms for the rearrangement and the overall conversion have been proposed.

Preparation of imides via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of organostannanes with methyl n-[methoxy(methylthio)methylene]carbamate

The preparation of imides via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of organostannanes is described. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl-, heteroaryl-, and alkenyl(tributyl)stannanes with methyl N-[methoxy(methylthio)methylene]carbamate

Preparation of imides via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of organoborons with methyl N -[methoxy(methylthio)methylene]carbamate as a one-carbon elongation reaction

The preparation of imides via the palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction as a one-carbon elongation reaction is described. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl-, alkyl-, and alkenylborons with N-[methoxy(methylthio) methylene]carbamate in the presence of Cu(I) thiophene-2-carboxylate (CuTC) affords imino ethers that are converted to the corresponding imides by acidic hydrolysis in high yield. The imino ethers are also useful for preparing the corresponding ester without using carbon monoxide.

Novel chromium(VI) catalyzed oxidation of N-alkylamides to imides with periodic acid

A novel and practical procedure for preparation of imides is described using chromium(VI) oxide to catalyze the oxidation of N-alkylamides with periodic acid in the presence of acetic anhydride in acetonitrile.

4-Oxa and 4-thia steroids

The compounds of the present invention are those of structural formula (I) STR1 wherein X is oxygen or sulfur. Pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use of the compounds in the treatment of hyperandrogenic conditions are disclosed. In addition, the combination of the compounds with other active agents such as finasteride, minoxidil and retinoic acid or a derivative thereof is disclosed.